Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Add filters
All
Selected
BAV70DXV6T1
Onsemi
BAV70DXV6T1 by Onsemi is a rectifier diode with 2 elements in 2 banks, common cathode configuration. It has a max reverse recovery time of 0.006 us and can handle a max output current of 0.2 A. Ideal for applications requiring fast switching speeds and low reverse current requirements.
2 BANKS, COMMON CATHODE, 2 ELEMENTS
SILICON
RECTIFIER DIODE
.715 V
R-PDSO-F6
e3
1
4
6
150 Cel
-55 Cel
.2 A
PLASTIC/EPOXY
RECTANGULAR
SMALL OUTLINE
260
.5 W
Not Qualified
70 V
100 uA
.006 us
Signal Diodes
YES
TIN
FLAT
DUAL
NSDEMN11XV6T5
NSDEMN11XV6T5 by Onsemi is a rectifier diode with 2 banks, common cathode, and 2 elements. It has a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and a max reverse current of 0.1 uA. This diode is suitable for applications requiring a small outline package with a peak reflow temperature of 260 °C.
1.2 V
.1 A
80 V
.1 uA
.004 us
30
NSDEMP11XV6T1
NSDEMP11XV6T1 by Onsemi is a rectifier diode with 2 banks, common anode, and 2 elements. It has a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and max output current of 0.1 A. Ideal for applications requiring a small outline package with peak reflow temperature of 260 °C.
2 BANKS, COMMON ANODE, 2 ELEMENTS
Other Diodes
BAS16DXV6T1
BAS16DXV6T1 by Onsemi is a diode with 2 elements, featuring a max reverse recovery time of 0.006 us and a max reverse current of 50 uA. It is used in applications requiring a small outline package style, such as rectifier diode circuits operating b/w -55 to 150 °C temperature range.
SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS
2
100 V
50 uA
75 V
MURB1620CTRT4
MURB1620CTRT4 by Onsemi is a common anode diode with ultra-fast soft recovery, ideal for applications requiring high-speed performance. With a max output current of 8A and max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 200V, it offers efficient rectification. This small outline diode has a max forward voltage of 1.1V and operates at temperatures up to 175 °C, making it suitable for various electronic devices.
FREE WHEELING DIODE
ULTRA FAST SOFT RECOVERY
ANODE
COMMON ANODE, 2 ELEMENTS
1.1 V
R-PSSO-G2
e0
100 A
175 Cel
8 A
235
200 V
.085 us
Rectifier Diodes
TIN LEAD
GULL WING
SINGLE
MURB1620CTR
MURB1620CTR by Onsemi is a common anode rectifier diode with ultra-fast soft recovery. It has a max output current of 8A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 200V. This diode is designed for applications requiring high-speed performance in a small outline package.
HN2D02FUTW1T1
HN2D02FUTW1T1 by Onsemi is a rectifier diode with 3 separate elements, featuring a max reverse recovery time of 0.003 us and max output current of 0.1 A. It is designed for applications requiring a small outline package style, such as in electronics where fast switching and low power dissipation are essential.
SEPARATE, 3 ELEMENTS
R-PDSO-G6
3
.3 W
85 V
.003 us
BAT54XV2T1
BAT54XV2T1 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 30V reverse voltage and 0.2A output current. It has a fast 0.005us reverse recovery time, making it ideal for high-speed applications in small outline packages. With a max operating temperature of 150°C, it is suitable for various electronic devices requiring efficient power dissipation.
.24 V
R-PDSO-F2
.6 A
.2 W
30 V
.005 us
SCHOTTKY
NSD914XV2T1
NSD914XV2T1 by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max output current of 0.2A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 100V. It is designed for applications requiring fast switching speeds and operates in temperatures ranging from -55 °C to 150°C, making it suitable for various electronic circuits. The diode's small outline package style and surface mount capability enhance its versatility in compact designs.
.5 A
NSR0320XV6T1
NSR0320XV6T1 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.27V and output current of 1A. It operates at a max temperature of 150 °C, making it suitable for applications requiring high efficiency and fast switching capabilities in electronic circuits. The diode's small outline package with dual terminals and flat form factor enables easy surface mount installation in various devices.
.27 V
7.5 A
1 A
23 V
MBRA340T3
MBRA340T3 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.39V and output current of 3A. It is designed for power applications, operating at up to 125°C with a peak reflow temperature of 235°C. The diode has a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 40V and non-repetitive peak forward current of 100A, making it suitable for various power-related projects.
POWER
.39 V
R-PDSO-C2
125 Cel
3 A
40 V
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)
C BEND
MBR7030WT
MBR7030WT by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 2 elements, common cathode configuration, and max output current of 35A. It is designed for power applications with a peak repetitive reverse voltage of 30V and operating temperature range from -55 °C to 175°C.
CATHODE
COMMON CATHODE, 2 ELEMENTS
.52 V
TO-247AC
R-PSFM-T3
500 A
35 A
FLANGE MOUNT
NO
THROUGH-HOLE
MBR20L60CTG
MBR20L60CTG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 2 elements, common cathode configuration, and max output current of 10A. It operates b/w -55 to 150 °C, ideal for applications requiring high efficiency like power supplies. The diode has a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 60V and forward voltage of 0.54V.
EFFICIENCY
.54 V
TO-220AB
240 A
10 A
60 V
MATTE TIN
MBRF20L60CTG
MBRF20L60CTG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 2 elements, common cathode configuration, and max output current of 10A. It operates b/w -55 to 150°C, ideal for efficiency applications requiring a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 60V.
ISOLATED
MBRS540T3
MBRS540T3 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with max forward voltage of 0.5V and max output current of 5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 175°C, ideal for power applications. The package is small outline, surface mountable, with dual terminals made of tin/lead (Sn/Pb).
.5 V
190 A
-65 Cel
5 A
MBR130LSFT1
MBR130LSFT1 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.18V and output current of 1A. It operates at a max temperature of 125°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high efficiency and fast switching, such as power supplies and voltage clamping circuits.
.18 V
40 A
MBRS3200T3
MBRS3200T3 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.59V and output current of 3A. It operates b/w -65°C to 150°C, ideal for applications requiring high-speed switching and low power loss in small outline packages.
GENERAL PURPOSE
.59 V
DO-214AA
MBR120VLSFT1
MBR120VLSFT1 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.205 V and output current of 1 A. It operates at a max temperature of 125°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high efficiency and low power loss in compact electronic devices. This surface-mount diode with dual terminals is ideal for use in various electronics due to its small outline package style and silicon diode element material.
.205 V
45 A
20 V
MBR120VLSFT3
MBR120VLSFT3 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.205 V and a max output current of 1 A. It is designed for applications requiring high-speed switching and low power loss, making it suitable for use in various electronic devices.
MBRB2515LG
MBRB2515LG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 25A and forward voltage of 0.45V. It is designed for power applications, featuring a max operating temperature of 100°C. This single-configured diode comes in a small outline package suitable for surface mount technology.
.45 V
150 A
100 Cel
25 A
15 V
MBRD835LG
MBRD835LG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 8A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 35V. It is designed for power applications, featuring a small outline package style and matte tin terminal finish. With an operating temperature range from -65°C to 150°C, it is suitable for various electronic devices requiring efficient power management.
.51 V
75 A
35 V
Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed
40
MBRM130LT3G
MBRM130LT3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.52V and output current of 1A. It operates b/w -55°C to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring high-speed switching and low power loss in small outline packages. The diode's matte tin terminal finish and gull wing form enhance its performance in surface mount configurations.
DO-216AA
R-PSSO-G1
50 A
UL RECOGNIZED
MR752G
The Onsemi MR752G is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 1.25V and output current of 6A. It has a peak repetitive reverse voltage of 200V, making it ideal for applications requiring high efficiency and fast switching capabilities in electronic circuits. The diode's isolated case connection and axial terminal position ensure reliable performance at temperatures up to 175 °C.
1.25 V
O-PADB-W2
400 A
6 A
ROUND
DISK BUTTON
WIRE
AXIAL
MURD620CTG
MURD620CTG by Onsemi is a common cathode diode with ultra-fast recovery time of 0.035 us, suitable for applications requiring high-speed performance. It has a max output current of 3A and can handle a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 200V, making it ideal for rectification tasks in electronic circuits. The diode's small outline package and surface mount capability make it convenient for compact designs where space is limited.
FREE WHEELING DIODE, LOW LEAKAGE CURRENT
ULTRA FAST RECOVERY
.035 us
NIS6111QPT1
NIS6111QPT1 by Onsemi is a RECTIFIER DIODE with 30A output current and 1.2V forward voltage, ideal for EFFICIENCY applications. It has a max reverse recovery time of 0.0365us and operates at up to 125 °C temperature, featuring a PLASTIC/EPOXY package body material in SQUARE shape.
COMPLEX
S-PQCC-N11
90 A
11
30 A
SQUARE
CHIP CARRIER
24 V
.0365 us
NO LEAD
QUAD
MBRD360RLG
MBRD360RLG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 3A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 60V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -65°C to 175°C, making it suitable for power applications. The diode is housed in a small outline package with gull wing terminals for surface mount assembly.
M1MA174T1G
M1MA174T1G by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us. It has a max operating temperature of 150 °C and can handle a max output current of 0.2 A. This diode is commonly used in applications requiring high-speed switching and low power dissipation.
1 V
R-PDSO-G3
MBR2030CTLG
MBR2030CTLG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with common cathode configuration. It has a max forward voltage of 0.58V and can handle up to 10A output current. Ideal for applications requiring high efficiency, it operates b/w -65°C to 175°C temperature range.
LOW POWER LOSS
.58 V
MBR2535CTLG
MBR2535CTLG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with common cathode configuration and 35V max reverse voltage. It has a max output current of 12.5A and forward voltage of 0.47V, making it ideal for high-efficiency applications. The diode operates b/w -65°C to 150°C temperature range and features a flange mount package style for easy installation.
.47 V
12.5 A
MBRB2535CTLG
MBRB2535CTLG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with common cathode configuration. It has a max output current of 12.5A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 35V, making it ideal for power applications. With a package style of small outline and gull wing terminal form, this diode operates b/w -65°C to 125°C temperature range.
.41 V
R-PDSO-G2
MBRB2535CTLT4G
MBRB2535CTLT4G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 12.5A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 35V. It is commonly used in power applications due to its common cathode configuration, small outline package style, and dual terminal position.
MBRD320RLG
MBRD320RLG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 3A and max forward voltage of 0.45V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -65 °C to 175°C, making it suitable for power applications requiring high efficiency and low forward voltage drop. The diode's small outline package style and gull wing terminal form enable surface mount installation in compact electronic devices.
MBRD660CTRLG
MBRD660CTRLG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 2 elements, common cathode configuration, and max output current of 3A. It operates b/w -65 to 175°C, has a reverse test voltage of 60V, and is ideal for power applications due to its small outline package style.
.9 V
TO-252AA
MBRM110ET1G
MBRM110ET1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.36V and output current of 1A. It operates b/w -55°C to 150°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high efficiency and low power loss in compact electronic devices. The diode's small outline package style and gull wing terminal form enable easy surface mount installation in various electronic circuits.
.36 V
10 V
MR756RLG
MR756RLG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 1.25V and output current of 6A. It operates at a max temperature of 175 °C, making it suitable for high-power applications in electronics and power supplies. The diode's isolated case connection and high reverse voltage capability of 600V ensure reliable performance in various circuit designs.
600 V
MUR3020PTG
MUR3020PTG by Onsemi is a common cathode rectifier diode with 2 elements, offering a max output current of 15A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 200V. It is designed for power applications, with an operating temperature range from -65 °C to 175°C.
TO-218AC
200 A
15 A
Tin (Sn)
MUR3020WTG
MUR3020WTG by Onsemi is a common cathode diode with ultra-fast recovery power for applications requiring high efficiency. It features a max reverse recovery time of 0.035 us, max forward voltage of 0.85 V, and max output current of 15 A. Ideal for use in environments ranging from -65°C to 175°C due to its silicon diode element material and flange mount package style.
ULTRA FAST RECOVERY POWER
.85 V
TO-247
MUR3040PTG
MUR3040PTG by Onsemi is a common cathode diode with 2 elements, featuring a max reverse recovery time of 0.06 us. Ideal for power applications, it has a max output current of 15A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 400V. With a package style of flange mount and terminal finish in Tin (Sn), this rectifier diode operates b/w -65 to 175°C.
400 V
.06 us
SS14T3G
SS14T3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.47V and output current of 1A. It operates at a max temperature of 125 °C, making it suitable for various applications requiring high-speed switching and low power loss in compact electronic devices.
60 A
MBR2515LG
The Onsemi MBR2515LG is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.38V and output current of 12.5A. It operates b/w -65 °C to 100°C, ideal for efficiency applications. The diode has a package style of flange mount and features a matte tin terminal finish for cathode connection.
.38 V
TO-220AC
R-PSFM-T2
MBR40250T
The Onsemi MBR40250T is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 40A and peak repetitive reverse voltage of 250V. It has a fast reverse recovery time of 0.035us, making it ideal for high-efficiency applications. The diode operates b/w -65 to 150°C temperature range and features a tin-lead terminal finish.
.71 V
250 V
MBR40250
The Onsemi MBR40250 is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 40A and a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 250V. It has a fast reverse recovery time of 0.035us, making it ideal for high-efficiency applications. The diode operates in temperatures ranging from -65 °C to 150°C and features a tin/lead terminal finish.
MBRS4201T3
MBRS4201T3 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 4A and forward voltage of 0.61V. It has a fast reverse recovery time of 0.035us, making it ideal for fast soft recovery power applications. With a max operating temperature of 150°C, this diode is suitable for various electronic devices requiring high efficiency.
FAST SOFT RECOVERY POWER
.61 V
4 A
MBR30L60CTG
MBR30L60CTG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 2 elements, common cathode configuration, and max output current of 15A. It operates b/w -55 to 150°C, has a max reverse voltage of 60V, and is ideal for applications requiring high efficiency.
.81 V
350 uA
MBRF30L60CTG
MBRF30L60CTG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 2 elements, common cathode config, and max output current of 15A. It operates b/w -55 to 150 °C and has a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 60V. Ideal for efficiency applications due to its low forward voltage of 0.81V.
MUR450PF
MUR450PF by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max output current of 4A and peak reverse voltage of 520V. It has a fast reverse recovery time of 0.095us, making it ideal for power applications at temperatures up to 175 °C. The diode's package material is plastic/epoxy, with an axial terminal position and isolated case connection.
.98 V
DO-201AD
O-PALF-W2
85 A
LONG FORM
520 V
.095 us
MBRD340RLG
MBRD340RLG by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.45V and output current of 3A. It operates b/w -65°C to 175°C, making it suitable for power applications. This surface-mount diode has a peak reflow temperature of 260°C and can handle up to 40V reverse voltage.
MR751G
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
© 2023 All rights reserved