Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
PSD512B0-90JI by STMicroelectronics is a versatile multi-functional peripheral with a 16-bit address bus and operates at a max supply voltage of 5.5V. It features an industrial temperature range from -40 °C to 85°C and supports various bus types. Ideal for embedded systems, it offers reliable performance in demanding applications.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
3
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Anansix
Digiode
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$64.113
$57.702
MKK Technologies
$120.560
DigiPath Technology Company
Corphita
Parana Technologies
$76.657
The use of plastic/epoxy offers durability and resistance to environmental factors, making it suitable for various operating conditions.
Being surface mount allows for more compact designs and efficient use of PCB space, facilitating modern compact device implementations.
This higher maximum supply voltage provides flexibility in power supply design, accommodating a range of applications.
A 16-bit address bus allows for extensive addressing capabilities, enabling the connection to larger memory and peripheral configurations.
The square package shape provides an efficient layout for integration into PCB designs, optimizing space utilization.
With 68 terminals, the device supports a substantial number of I/O connections, making it versatile for various applications.
The chip carrier style improves thermal performance and electrical connections, ideal for high-frequency operations.
The minimum supply voltage is low enough to ensure compatibility with low-power systems, improving energy efficiency.
An operating temperature of up to 85 °C makes this product suitable for industrial applications where higher thermal conditions are present.
The ability to function down to -40 °C makes this device ideal for extreme environments and outdoor applications.
Quad terminal positioning allows for efficient mounting and connection layout, optimizing performance in design.
A low seated height enables more flexibility in design and helps maintain a low profile in compact applications.
A consistent width of 24.1808 mm facilitates standardization in PCB design, allowing for easy integration.
With an 8-bit external data bus width, the device supports common data rates and standards, enhancing compatibility.
Supporting a maximum clock frequency of 30 MHz enables high-speed operation, ideal for performance-demanding applications.
The length corresponds with typical PCB dimensions, ensuring it can be effectively implemented in various designs.
Rated for industrial temperature applications, this device ensures reliability in harsh environments, extending its operational life.
Using CMOS technology provides low power consumption and high noise immunity, making it energy-efficient and robust.
J-bend terminals offer improved soldering and attachment to PCBs, enhancing reliability in usage.
A nominal supply voltage of 5 V provides compatibility with many existing systems, simplifying integration.
Wide bus compatibility ensures flexibility and ease of integration into numerous systems, enhancing adoption in various applications.
A terminal pitch of 1.27 mm allows for effective soldering and connection while maintaining compatibility with existing technology.
Having 40 I/O lines provides ample connectivity options for interfacing with other devices, enhancing functionality.
Multi-functional Peripherals PSD512B0-90JI attributes and parameters. Explore more Multi-functional Peripherals devices from STMicroelectronics
Additional Features:
Address Bus Width:
Boundary Scan:
Bus Compatibility:
Maximum Clock Frequency:
External Data Bus Width:
JESD-30 Code:
Length:
No. of I/O Lines:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width:
PSD512B0-90JI Peripheral ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
STMicroelectronics is a global leader in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, with over 35 years of experience providing innovative and advanced technologies for customers around the world. Headquartered in Netherlands, STMicroelectronics has more than 51,323 employees worldwide and operates across 32 countries all over Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Americas. The company’s portfolio includes integrated circuits, discrete components, application-specific standard products, and computer chipsets. STMicroelectronics serves a wide range of industries such as automotive, consumer markets, healthcare and industrial applications.
President, CEO
Jean-Marc Chery
President, CFO, Finance, Purchasing,Enterprise Risk Management & Resilience
Lorenzo Grandi
President, Sales & Marketing
Jerome Roux
Castelletto
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1968
Italy
Wafer Capacity
SGFAB AMK 6
2000
Singapore
29,000
AG200
Agrate Brianza
14,000
RST 8
France
Rousset
35,000
Crolles 1
1993
Crolles
30,000
Crolles 2-ext. mod 5
Crolles 2-ext. mod 2
2022
Crolles 2-ext. mod 3
2023
Crolles 2
2004
28,000
1985
SiC Fab
2006
Sweden
Norrköping
10,000
Fab 3
2005
Tours
2,000
Fab 1 & Fab 2
1978
55,000
Fab 2
1997
Catania
SGFAB-AMK 6E
2003
145,000
SGFAB-AMJ 9
1984
152,000
AG300 (R3)
1980
25,000
1987
34,000
AG300
2024
Crolles 2-ext. mod 1
2020
Fab 1 6-inch fab
2013
11,000
SiC 6-inch line
2021
2,500
200mm GaN
2018
SGFAB-AMK 8
2001
Crolles 2- JV Fab
SGFAB-AMK 6
2016
38,125
SGFAB-AMK 2E
2010
20,000
Silicon Carbide A.B.
SiC wafer/EPI Fab
SiC Device Fab
2025
M24308/2-1F
Adi Electronics
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; MIL Conformity: YES; Filter Feature: NO; Mating Info.: MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE;
1N4148
Pro-an Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
SS14+
Multicomp Pro
SS14+ by Multicomp Pro is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 1A and a reverse test voltage of 40V. It is designed for surface mount applications in electronic circuits, offering a small outline package style and dual terminal position. With a temperature range from -65°C to 150°C, it is suitable for various industrial and consumer electronics.
LL4148
Goodwork Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
LAN8720AI-CP-TR
Microchip Technology
LAN8720AI-CP-TR by Microchip is an Ethernet transceiver with 100 Mbps data rate, operating at -40 to 85 °C. It features a 3.3 V supply voltage, 54 mA supply current, and TS 16949 screening level. Ideal for network interfaces in industrial applications due to its compact square package and low profile design.
261
Mercury Systems
Other Interface ICs; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
AH180-WG-7
Diodes Incorporated
AH180-WG-7 by Diodes Inc. is a magnetic field sensor with 1.5mT hysteresis, 0.30V output range, and 9mA max operating current. Ideal for applications requiring non-inverting analog voltage output in a compact rectangular package suitable for surface mount installations.
2N7002
Onsemi
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
BAV99LT1G
BAV99LT1G by Onsemi is a series connected diode with 2 elements in a small outline package. It has a max reverse recovery time of 0.006 us and can handle up to 100V repetitive peak reverse voltage. Ideal for rectification applications, this diode operates b/w -65°C to 150°C temperature range.
CRG0805F10K
Tyco Electronics Components
FIXED RESISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Resistance: 10000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .125 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Tolerance: 1 %;
SMBJ18CA
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Diode Element Material: SILICON; Technology: AVALANCHE; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.05 V;
LM7805CT
National Semiconductor
FIXED POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TO-220; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Maximum Input Voltage Absolute: 35 V; Maximum Voltage Tolerance: 5 %;
2N2222A
Tesla Elektronicke Soucastky
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
First Components International
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Clamping Voltage: 29.2 V; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.1 V; Polarity: BIDIRECTIONAL; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V;
BSS138-7-F
Diodes Inc. BSS138-7-F is a N-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, 0.2A max drain current, and 3.5 ohm RDS(on). Ideal for switching applications in small outline packages with matte tin finish, operating up to 150°C peak reflow temp.
LD1117S33CTR
STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics LD1117S33CTR is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 3.3V and max output current of 1.3A. It operates within an input voltage range of 4.75V to 15V, making it suitable for various applications requiring stable voltage regulation in compact designs. The device features low dropout voltage of 1.3V, high temperature operation up to 125°C, and small outline package style for space-constrained PCB layouts.
SS14
Rugao Dachang Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 40 V; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): .55 V; No. of Elements: 1; Technology: SCHOTTKY;
Eic Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Semiconductors
ULN-2803A
Sprague Electric
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: OTHER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 18; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
CY8C4125LQI-483T
Infineon Technologies
Multifunction Peripherals; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED;
DRA402CIZDU
Texas Instruments
MULTIFUNCTION PERIPHERAL;
CY8C4147AZI-S443
Cypress Semiconductor
MULTIFUNCTION PERIPHERAL; Terminal Finish: Pure Tin (Sn);
CY8C4247AXI-M485
Infineon Technologies' CY8C4247AXI-M485 is a multi-functional peripheral with 64 terminals and a max clock frequency of 48 MHz. It supports I2C, SPI, UART, IRDA, IDE, CAN, and LIN bus compatibility. This IC is commonly used in industrial applications due to its wide temperature range (-40 to 85 °C) and low profile package style.
DRH404HSBIPTP
CY8C27443-24SXI
CY8C27443-24SXI by Infineon Technologies is an 8-bit multi-functional peripheral with a max clock frequency of 24 MHz. It is commonly used in industrial applications and supports I2C and USB bus compatibility.
CY8C4247AZI-L485
CY8C4247AZI-L485 by Infineon is a 64-terminal IC with 8192 RAM words, operating at up to 48 MHz. Ideal for industrial applications, it supports I2C, IRDA, LIN, SPI, UART, and USB bus compatibility. With a temperature range of -40 to 85 °C and low profile design, it's versatile for various multi-functional peripheral uses.
CY8C6347BZI-BLD53T
Multifunction Peripherals; JESD-609 Code: e1; Terminal Finish: TIN SILVER COPPER;
MIMX8MQ6CVAHZAA
NXP Semiconductors
The NXP Semiconductors MIMX8MQ6CVAHZAA is a multi-functional peripheral with a max clock frequency of 40 MHz. It is widely used in industrial applications and supports various bus compatibilities such as Ethernet, I2C, I2S, PCI, RS-232, SPI, UART, and USB.
CY8C4127LQI-BL473
MULTIFUNCTION PERIPHERAL; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 56; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
CY8C4024LQI-S413T
Multifunction Peripherals; Terminal Finish: PURE TIN;
X66AK2G12ABY60
X66AK2G12ABY60 by Texas Instruments is a Multi-functional Peripheral IC with 32-bit External Data Bus Width and 16-bit Address Bus Width. It operates b/w 0-70 °C, compatible with CAN, ETHERNET, I2C, PCI, SPI, UART, USB buses. This low-profile device has 625 terminals in a square package for various commercial applications.
CY8C4247AZS-M485T
MULTIFUNCTION PERIPHERAL; Terminal Finish: PURE TIN; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
MCIMX6Y2DVK09AB
Multifunction Peripherals; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 40;
MIMX8MD6CVAHZAB
NXP Semiconductors' MIMX8MD6CVAHZAB is a multi-functional peripheral IC with 621 terminals, 81920 RAM words, and 40 MHz max clock frequency. Ideal for industrial applications requiring Ethernet, I2C, I2S, PCI, RS-232, SPI, UART & USB bus compatibility at -40 to 105°C operating temp.
DRA724JGABCRQ1
DRA724JGABCRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a multi-functional peripheral with 32-bit external data bus width, 512K RAM words, and 38.4 MHz max clock frequency. Ideal for automotive applications due to its AEC-Q100 screening level and compatibility with CAN, Ethernet, I2C, IRDA, PCI, SPI, UART, and USB interfaces.
CY8C6347FMI-BLD13T
Multifunction Peripherals; JESD-609 Code: e1; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Terminal Finish: TIN SILVER COPPER;
CY8C3866PVI-021T
CY8C3866PVI-021T by Infineon is a 48-terminal MCU with 4096 RAM words, 65536 ROM bits, and 67 MHz clock frequency. Ideal for industrial applications, it supports I2C, USB, PS/2, and 8051 bus compatibility with a supply voltage range of 1.71V to 5.5V.
CY8C27443-24PVXIT
CY8C27443-24PVXIT by Infineon: 8-bit, 24 MHz CPU with 16384 ROM words and 256 RAM bytes. Ideal for industrial applications with I2C and USB bus compatibility. Package style: small outline, shrink pitch; terminal form: gull wing; max supply voltage: 5.25 V.
CC3130RNMRGKR
CC3130RNMRGKR by Texas Instruments is a 64-terminal chip carrier with SPI and UART bus compatibility, operating at up to 40 MHz. It has a supply voltage range of 2.1V to 3.6V, making it suitable for industrial applications requiring multi-functional peripherals in a compact square package style. With a temperature range of -40°C to 85°C, this CMOS technology-based IC offers high performance in various environments.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
PSD502B1-70LI
Multifunction Peripherals; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 68; Package Code: WQCCJ; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD501B1-90LI
PSD501B1-70JI
Multifunction Peripherals; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 68; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD502B1-70JI
PSD502B1-15LI
PSD501B1-70UI
Multifunction Peripherals; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD502B1-70U
Multifunction Peripherals; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD501B1-15U
PSD501B1-90UI
PSD501B1-70L
Multifunction Peripherals; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 68; Package Code: WQCCJ; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD502B1-70J
Multifunction Peripherals; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 68; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD502B1-15U
PSD501B1-70U
PSD502B1-70L
PSD501B1-70J
PSD501B1-90JI
PSD501B1-15LI
PSD501B1-15UI
PSD501B1-70LI
PSD502B1-15UI
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved