Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
PSD853F2-90MI by STMicroelectronics is a CMOS parallel I/O port with 27 I/O lines and operates b/w 4.5V to 5.5V. It features a compact flatpack design, ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable performance in extreme temperatures (-40 °C to 85°C). With a max access time of just 90 ns, it ensures efficient data handling.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
3
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Digiode
Anansix
AZTECH Wire
$8.130
Corohmni
$58.439
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$58.592
$52.733
MKK Technologies
$110.179
DigiPath Technology Company
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Corphita
Microchip USA
Parana Technologies
$70.056
The use of plastic/epoxy materials provides durability and protection against environmental factors, making this product reliable for various applications.
Surface mount technology allows for a compact design, facilitating easy integration into modern electronic circuits while saving space on PCBs.
With a maximum supply voltage of 5.5 V, this product can operate safely within common power supply standards.
The square package shape increases versatility in layout design for circuit boards, optimizing space utilization.
Operating on a standard 5V supply makes it easy to power this device in most systems without additional voltage regulation.
A higher number of terminals facilitates better connectivity options and flexibility for design requirements.
The flatpack style is advantageous for low-profile designs, allowing for compact device construction.
This low minimum supply voltage ensures compatibility with various power sources, enhancing usability in diverse applications.
An operating temperature range up to 85 °C makes this product suitable for industrial environments where heat dissipation can be a concern.
The ability to function at -40 °C ensures reliability in extreme conditions, ideal for automotive or outdoor use.
Quality terminal finishes improve electrical conductivity and resist corrosion, ensuring long-term performance.
Not being ultraviolet erasable indicates you need to ensure data persistence, making it suitable for applications where data integrity matters.
Quad terminal positioning enhances the arrangement for better thermal performance and current capacity.
Having 4 ports allows for multiple parallel connections, increasing signal handling capacity in data-intensive applications.
A low seated height allows for compact assembly in devices where space is a premium.
Compact width aids in streamlined circuit designs, facilitating high-density board configurations.
Short length is advantageous as it limits the footprint on PCBs, allowing for additional components to be packed in.
Industrial temperature grading ensures reliability and performance in demanding applications, perfect for rigorous environments.
The general-purpose nature of this peripheral IC increases its versatility across a range of applications.
A sizable ROM offers extensive memory capacity for storing essential data, improving functionality.
CMOS technology supports lower power consumption while providing high-speed operation, essential for modern applications.
Gull wing terminals facilitate easier soldering and improve surface mount compatibility, enhancing the reliability of connections.
A nominal supply voltage of 5V aligns with standard electronic components, simplifying integration into various designs.
A fine terminal pitch allows for closer component placement, making it ideal for high-density PCB layouts.
Low standby current ensures energy efficiency and prolongs battery life in portable applications.
Ultra-fast access time supports high-speed data processing, making it suitable for real-time applications.
A generous number of I/O lines expands the potential for interfacing and interaction with external devices.
Parallel I/O Ports PSD853F2-90MI attributes and parameters. Explore more Parallel I/O Ports devices from STMicroelectronics
Maximum Access Time:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
No. of I/O Lines:
No. of Ports:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Power Supplies (V):
Qualification:
ROM Bits Size:
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Standby Current:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Ultraviolet Erasable:
Width:
Peripheral IC Type:
PSD853F2-90MI Peripheral ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
STMicroelectronics is a global leader in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, with over 35 years of experience providing innovative and advanced technologies for customers around the world. Headquartered in Netherlands, STMicroelectronics has more than 51,323 employees worldwide and operates across 32 countries all over Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Americas. The company’s portfolio includes integrated circuits, discrete components, application-specific standard products, and computer chipsets. STMicroelectronics serves a wide range of industries such as automotive, consumer markets, healthcare and industrial applications.
President, CEO
Jean-Marc Chery
President, CFO, Finance, Purchasing,Enterprise Risk Management & Resilience
Lorenzo Grandi
President, Sales & Marketing
Jerome Roux
Castelletto
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1968
Italy
Wafer Capacity
SGFAB AMK 6
2000
Singapore
29,000
AG200
Agrate Brianza
14,000
RST 8
France
Rousset
35,000
Crolles 1
1993
Crolles
30,000
Crolles 2-ext. mod 5
Crolles 2-ext. mod 2
2022
Crolles 2-ext. mod 3
2023
Crolles 2
2004
28,000
1985
SiC Fab
2006
Sweden
Norrköping
10,000
Fab 3
2005
Tours
2,000
Fab 1 & Fab 2
1978
55,000
Fab 2
1997
Catania
SGFAB-AMK 6E
2003
145,000
SGFAB-AMJ 9
1984
152,000
AG300 (R3)
1980
25,000
1987
34,000
AG300
2024
Crolles 2-ext. mod 1
2020
Fab 1 6-inch fab
2013
11,000
SiC 6-inch line
2021
2,500
200mm GaN
2018
SGFAB-AMK 8
2001
Crolles 2- JV Fab
SGFAB-AMK 6
2016
38,125
SGFAB-AMK 2E
2010
20,000
Silicon Carbide A.B.
SiC wafer/EPI Fab
SiC Device Fab
2025
1N4148
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LL4148
Good-ark Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
Bkc Semiconductors
SMBJ18CA
Telefunken Microelectronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM107H/883C
National Semiconductor
LM107H/883C by National Semiconductor is a MILITARY-grade Operational Amplifier with +-5/+-15V supplies. Featuring 2000uV max input offset voltage, it operates from -55 to 125 °C. Ideal for applications requiring VOLTAGE-FEEDBACK architecture and frequency compensation.
Micro Commercial Components
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
Fagor Electronica S Coop
LM555CM
Harris Semiconductor
Analog Waveform Generation Functions; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
MBRM140T1G
Onsemi
MBRM140T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V max repetitive peak reverse voltage, 1A max output current, and 0.3V max forward voltage. It is used in applications requiring small outline surface mount diodes for efficient power management.
261
Mercury Systems
Other Interface ICs; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
2N2222A
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A;
BAV99
Surge Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SS14
Taitron Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Protek Devices
Won-top Electronics
M39029/56-351
Defense Logistics Agency
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL Conformity: YES; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Mating Contacts: M39029/58-363; Removal Tool Sources: MILITARY; Alternate Contact Sources: MILITARY;
Electronic Devices
1N4148WS
Sinyork
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Output Current: .2 A; Config: SINGLE;
MCP23S17-E/MLVAO
Microchip Technology
MCP23S17-E/MLVAO by Microchip: 16-bit parallel I/O port with 2 ports, 10 MHz clock frequency, and CMOS technology. Ideal for automotive applications due to AEC-Q100 screening, operating from -40 to 125 °C. Package style is chip carrier with very thin profile and matte tin terminals.
CAT9532HV6I-GT2
CAT9532HV6I-GT2 by Onsemi is a parallel I/O port with 16 I/O lines. It operates at a supply voltage range of 2.3V to 5.5V and has an industrial temperature grade of -40°C to 85°C. This surface mount chip carrier is commonly used for general purpose applications requiring parallel I/O control.
MAX7311ATG+
Analog Devices
Analog Devices' MAX7311ATG+ is a 16-bit parallel I/O port with 3.3V supply, operating from -40 to 125°C. Ideal for automotive applications, it features a square chip carrier package and low power consumption of 0.12mA at max voltage.
TCA9538PWR
Texas Instruments
TCA9538PWR by Texas Instruments is an 8-bit parallel I/O port with a supply voltage range of 1.65V to 5.5V, suitable for industrial applications. It features a small outline package with 16 terminals and operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C. The device supports a clock frequency of up to 0.4MHz and has a low supply current of 0.03mA, making it ideal for general-purpose peripheral IC applications requiring CMOS technology.
PCAL9555APW,118
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' PCAL9555APW,118 is a 16-bit parallel I/O port with 1.8/5V power supplies and CMOS technology. It features a small outline package, dual terminal position, and industrial temperature grade suitable for general purpose applications requiring precise digital control in harsh environments.
PCA9555DGVRG4
PCA9555DGVRG4 by Texas Instruments is a 16-bit parallel I/O port with supply voltage range of 2.3V to 5.5V, ideal for industrial applications. It features dual terminal position, CMOS technology, and operates b/w -40°C to 85°C. This small outline package has 24 terminals and is surface mountable.
PCA9534DGVT
PCA9534DGVT by Texas Instruments is a CMOS technology-based parallel I/O port with 8 I/O lines. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, suitable for industrial applications. The small outline package measures 3.6mm in width and 4.4mm in length, making it ideal for space-constrained designs.
PCA9557PWRG4
PCA9557PWRG4 by Texas Instruments is an 8-bit parallel I/O port with a supply voltage range of 2.3V to 5.5V, ideal for industrial applications. It features a max clock frequency of 0.4MHz and operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C. This surface-mount device has a small outline package style with dual terminals, making it suitable for various general-purpose peripheral IC applications.
PCAL6524HEAZ
NXP Semiconductors' PCAL6524HEAZ is a Parallel I/O Port IC with 24 I/O lines, operating at 1.65-5.5V. It features a compact square chip carrier package style, suitable for industrial applications requiring general-purpose parallel I/O functionality in a wide temperature range (-40 to 85°C).
MAX7319ATE+
Maxim Integrated
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
MAX7311AWG
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
P8156H-2
Intel
Intel's P8156H-2 is a 14-bit Parallel I/O Port with 40 terminals, operating at 5V. It features a rectangular package style and supports a max supply voltage of 5.5V. Ideal for applications requiring general-purpose parallel I/O interfacing in commercial temperature environments.
PCA9698BS
Philips Semiconductors
Parallel IO Ports; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 56; Package Code: QCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
XRA1403IL24TR-F
Maxlinear
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE; JESD-30 Code: S-XQCC-N24;
PCF8574TD
PCF8574TD by NXP Semiconductors is a CMOS technology-based Parallel I/O Port IC with 8 I/O lines. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C and supports a clock frequency of 0.1 MHz. Ideal for industrial applications requiring small outline packages and low power consumption.
TCA6408RGTRG4
TCA6408RGTRG4 by Texas Instruments is an 8-bit parallel I/O port with a supply voltage range of 1.65V to 5.5V, suitable for industrial applications. It features a compact square package style, surface-mountable design, and operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C. Ideal for general-purpose peripheral IC applications requiring reliable CMOS technology.
PCA9502BS,151
NXP Semiconductors' PCA9502BS,151 is an 8-bit parallel I/O port with a supply voltage range of 2.3V to 2.7V, ideal for industrial applications. This CMOS technology chip carrier has a compact square shape, nickel/palladium/gold terminals, and operates b/w -40°C to 85°C. Suitable for surface mounting, it offers 8 I/O lines in a very thin profile package style.
PCA9554PW/DG,118
PCA9554PW/DG,118 by NXP Semiconductors is a parallel I/O port with 16 terminals and 8 I/O lines. It operates at a supply voltage range of 2.3V to 5.5V and can withstand temperatures from -40°C to 85°C. This compact device, measuring only 5mm in length and 4.4mm in width, is commonly used for general-purpose parallel input/output applications in industrial settings.
MIC74YQS-TR
MIC74YQS-TR by Microchip Technology is an 8-bit Parallel I/O Port IC with 16 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, suitable for industrial use. With a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 3.6V, it is ideal for various general-purpose applications requiring parallel I/O functionality.
PCA9671BS,118
PCA9671BS,118 by NXP Semiconductors is a 16-bit Parallel I/O Port with 2.3-5.5V power supplies and -40 to 85°C operating temperature range. Ideal for industrial applications requiring general-purpose parallel I/O interfacing in compact spaces due to its small form factor and surface-mount capability.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
PSD834F2-90JI
Waferscale Integration
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 52; Package Shape: SQUARE; No. of I/O Lines: 27;
STMicroelectronics
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 52; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD813F1A-15JIT
PSD813F1A-12JT
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 52; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD813F1A-12MT
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 52; Package Code: QFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD813F1A-15J1
PSD813F1-A-12MI
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 52; Package Code: QFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD813F1A-15JT
PSD813F1A-12J1T
PSD813F1A-12U
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD813F1A-12JUT
PSD813F1A-12UI
PARALLEL IO PORT, GENERAL PURPOSE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PSD813F1A-15J
PSD813F1A-12M1T
PSD813F1A-15JI
PSD813F1A-12JIT
PSD813F1A-12UIT
PSD813F1A-12MIT
PSD813F1A-12J
PSD813F1-A-12JI
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved