Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
FIFOs; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 132; Package Code: BQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Width: 24.13 mm;
Median Price
$9.175
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
6
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Rochester
1+ parts
-
100+ parts
$8.510
1k+ parts
$7.620
10k+ parts
$7.170
DigiKey
$9.840
Nova Conductors
$8.430
Digiode
$8.987
Vyrian
DigiKey Marketplace
Parana Technologies
$3.380
$3.906
DigiPath Technology Company
$3.722
$3.424
ChromeModa Solutions
$3.798
$3.114
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$3.418
Continental Prestige Electronics
$8.261
Netroflash
$8.009
$7.840
Corphita
$8.514
AZTECH Wire
$16.563
Microchip USA
$25.420
$25.060
$24.880
$24.700
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Argo Parts USA
FIFO SN74ACT3632-30PQ attributes and parameters. Explore more FIFO devices from Rochester Electronics
Maximum Access Time:
Additional Features:
Cycle Time:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Memory Density:
Memory Width:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
No. of Words:
No. of Words Code:
Operating Mode:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Organization:
Output Enable:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Parallel or Serial:
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width:
SN74ACT3632-30PQ Memory ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.32.00.71
SB
8542.32.00.70
For over 40 years Rochester's growing supplier authorizations enable us to provide the world's largest source of semiconductors. In partnership with over 70 leading component manufacturers, we provide our valued customers with a continuous source of critical semiconductors. Today the Rochester Semiconductor Lifecycle Solution™ offers the world’s largest range of semiconductors with over 15 billion finished devices in stock, combined with extensive manufacturing capabilities from the world's largest die bank at over 12 Billion. Rochester’s growing product and service portfolio continues to provide an authorized source of supply to customers around the world directly, in partnership with our authorized distribution network and through leading-edge e-commerce platforms.
NUP2105LT1G
Onsemi
NUP2105LT1G by Onsemi is a Transient Suppression Device with 350W power dissipation, 29.1V breakdown voltage, and 44V clamping voltage. Commonly used in electronic circuits for surge protection due to its bidirectional polarity and silicon diode element material.
SMBJ18CA
Brightking
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N7002
Nte Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .115 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
BSS138
Weitron Technology
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Terminal Position: DUAL;
Multicomp Pro
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Diode Element Material: SILICON; Technology: AVALANCHE; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.05 V;
STM32H750VBT6
STMicroelectronics
STM32H750VBT6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with Cortex-M7 CPU, offering 20 timers and 16 DMA channels. It features 2 DAC and 16 ADC channels, suitable for industrial applications requiring high-speed processing up to 48 MHz. With extensive connectivity options like FDCAN, Ethernet, and USB, it provides versatile solutions in a compact package.
BAV99
Taiwan Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N2222A
Allegro MicroSystems
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Silicon Standard
06035C104KAT2A
KYOCERA AVX
06035C104KAT2A by KYOCERA AVX is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V rated DC voltage. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and ±10% tolerance. Ideal for SMT applications requiring compact size and reliable performance in various electronic circuits.
RC0603FR-071KL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0603FR-071KL is a fixed resistor with 1000 ohm resistance, 1% tolerance, and 0.1 W power dissipation. Ideal for surface mount applications in electronics, it operates b/w -55 to 155 °C with a temperature coefficient of 100 ppm/°C.
MS3V-T1R32.768KHZ+/-20PPM12.5PF
Golledge Electronics
MS3V-T1R32.768KHZ+/-20PPM12.5PF by Golledge Electronics is a crystal oscillator with 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 126% stability, and 12.5 pF load capacitance. It is ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature-sensitive environments due to its -40 to 85 °C operating range.
LL4148
Taitron Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
SS14
Meritek Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358N
Silicon Group
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
EU2B-YS3303C
Idec
ROTARY SWITCH;
DS18B20U+
Analog Devices
DS18B20U+ by Analog Devices is a 12-bit temperature sensor with 1-Wire interface. It operates b/w -55 to 125°C, offering ±0.5°C accuracy. Suitable for applications requiring digital output and surface mounting feature.
NC7WZ07P6X
The Onsemi NC7WZ07P6X is a logic gate with 2 functions, featuring a propagation delay of 4.8 ns at 1.8V supply voltage. With open-drain output characteristics, it operates in industrial temperatures from -40 to 85°C. Ideal for applications requiring fast signal processing and low power consumption in compact designs.
1N4148WS
Synsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MBRS360T3G
MBRS360T3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.63V and a max output current of 3A. It is designed for applications requiring high-speed switching and low power loss, making it suitable for use in various electronic devices.
SN74ACT3632-20PCB
Texas Instruments
SN74ACT3632-20PCB by Texas Instruments is a FIFO memory IC with 512x36 organization, operating at 20 ns cycle time and 50 MHz clock frequency. It features a low profile flatpack package suitable for commercial temperature grade applications.
CD74HC40105M96G4
CD74HC40105M96G4 by Texas Instruments is a FIFO memory with 16x4 organization, operating at 12 MHz clock frequency. It has a cycle time of 500 ns and can operate in synchronous mode. This small outline package is suitable for military-grade applications requiring fast data storage and retrieval.
SN54ALS236J
SN54ALS236J by Texas Instruments is a 64x4 FIFO with 40ns cycle time, operating at 5V. It features a max clock frequency of 25MHz and operates in parallel mode. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring fast data processing within temperature range of -55 to 125°C.
SN74ABT3612-15PQ
SN74ABT3612-15PQ by Texas Instruments is a FIFO with 64x36 organization, 15 ns cycle time, and 66.7 MHz max clock frequency. It is used in applications requiring fast synchronous operation and 3-STATE output characteristics, suitable for commercial temperature grades.
IDT7203L25PI
Integrated Device Technology
IDT7203L25PI by Integrated Device Technology is a FIFO memory chip with 2Kx9 organization, operating at 28.5 MHz clock frequency and 35 ns cycle time. It is designed for industrial applications requiring fast and reliable data storage and retrieval in parallel mode.
SN74ABT7820-30PN
SN74ABT7820-30PN by Texas Instruments is a FIFO memory IC with 512x18 organization, operating at 30 ns cycle time and 33.3 MHz clock frequency. It features a parallel interface, 3-STATE output characteristics, and is ideal for applications requiring fast data storage and retrieval in commercial temperature environments.
72V845L15PFGI8
Renesas Electronics
The Renesas Electronics 72V845L15PFGI8 FIFO features a cycle time of 15ns, operating at 3.3V with an organization of 4KX18. This memory IC type is suitable for industrial applications requiring fast access times and parallel operation, housed in a low profile flatpack package with gull wing terminals.
7201LA25JGI8
FIFOs; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Qualification: Not Qualified;
SN74ACT7201LA15NP
SN74ACT7201LA15NP by Texas Instruments is a FIFO memory IC with 512x9 organization, operating at 40 MHz clock frequency. It features a cycle time of 25 ns and operates on a nominal voltage of 5V. Ideal for applications requiring fast data storage and retrieval in commercial temperature environments.
7201LA15JGI
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Additional Features: RETRANSMIT;
5962-8986305YA
Matra Mhs
FIFOs; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
CD40105BD
CD40105BD by Texas Instruments is a 16X4 FIFO with 125ns cycle time, operating at 1.5MHz clock frequency. Suitable for military applications, it has a memory density of 64 bit and operates in parallel mode.
SN74ABT7818PCB
FIFOs;
IDT7201LA12PDG
The Renesas Electronics IDT7201LA12PDG is a FIFO memory chip with 512x9 organization, operating at 50 MHz clock frequency. It features a cycle time of 20 ns and operates on a nominal voltage of 5V. Ideal for applications requiring fast data storage and retrieval in commercial temperature environments.
IDT72V241L10PFG
FIFOs; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Memory Density: 36864 bit;
CD74HC40105M
CD74HC40105M by Texas Instruments is a FIFO memory IC with 16x4 organization, 64-bit memory density, and 3-STATE output characteristics. It operates in synchronous mode at a max clock frequency of 10 MHz and has a cycle time of 500 ns. This small outline package is ideal for military-grade applications requiring fast data storage and retrieval.
SN74ACT7205L-15DVR
SN74ACT7205L-15DVR by Texas Instruments is a FIFO with 8KX9 organization, 25 ns cycle time, and 15 ns access time. It operates asynchronously at a supply voltage of 4.5V to 5.5V and is ideal for applications requiring fast data storage and retrieval in commercial temperature environments.
7202LA25J8
7202LA25J8 by Integrated Device Technology is a FIFO memory chip with a cycle time of 35 ns and an operating voltage of 5V. It is commonly used in applications that require high-speed data buffering and storage, such as telecommunications and networking systems.
72V82L20PAI8
SN74V235-7PAG
SN74V235-7PAG by Texas Instruments is a 2Kx18 FIFO with 7.5ns cycle time, operating at 166MHz clock frequency. It has a 3.3V nominal voltage and supports synchronous operation. Ideal for applications requiring fast data buffering in commercial temperature environments.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
SN74V293-6PZA
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; No. of Functions: 1;
SN74V245-15PAG
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: TFQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Organization: 4KX18;
SN74V293-7PZA
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; JESD-30 Code: S-PQFP-G80;
SN74V245-10PAG
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: TFQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Package Style (Meter): FLATPACK, THIN PROFILE, FINE PITCH;
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: TFQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Parallel or Serial: PARALLEL;
SN74V245-7PAG
SN74V245-7PAG by Texas Instruments is a FIFO with 4Kx18 organization, operating at 166MHz. It features a cycle time of 7.5ns, synchronous mode, and 3-state output characteristics. This memory IC type is suitable for applications requiring fast data transfer and parallel operation in commercial temperature environments.
SN74V215-7PAG
SN74V215-7PAG by Texas Instruments is a FIFO with 512x18 organization, operating at 133 MHz clock frequency. It features a cycle time of 7.5 ns and operates at a nominal voltage of 3.3 V. This device is ideal for applications requiring fast data storage and retrieval in synchronous mode with 3-STATE output characteristics.
SN74ACT7201LA-25NP
SN74ACT7201LA-25NP by Texas Instruments is a FIFO with 512x9 organization, 35ns cycle time, and 28.5MHz max clock frequency. It operates at 5V, has a temp range of 0-70°C, and is ideal for parallel memory applications due to its CMOS technology and 3-STATE output characteristics.
SN74ACT7202LA25NP
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V): 5;
SN74V263-6PZA
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Qualification: Not Qualified;
SN74V215-10PAG
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: TFQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; JESD-609 Code: e4;
SN74V245-15PAGEP
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: TFQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Parallel or Serial: PARALLEL;
SN74V215-20PAG
SN74V215-20PAG by Texas Instruments is a FIFO memory IC with 512x18 organization and 512 words code. It operates synchronously with a cycle time of 20 ns and has a max clock frequency of 133 MHz. This IC is commonly used in applications that require high-speed data buffering and storage.
SN74V283-15PZA
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: LQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Maximum Standby Current: .015 Amp;
SN74ALVC7803-40DL
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 56; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel;
SN74ABT7819A-15PN
SN74ABT7819A-15PN by Texas Instruments is a 512KX18 BI-DIRECTIONAL FIFO with a cycle time of 15 ns and max clock frequency of 67 MHz. It is commonly used in applications requiring high-speed data buffering and storage.
SN74ABT7819A-30PH
BI-DIRECTIONAL FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: QFP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Organization: 512KX18;
SN74V235-10PAG
OTHER FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: TFQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Surface Mount: YES;
SN74ABT7819A-10PN
BI-DIRECTIONAL FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: LFQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Cycle Time: 10 ns;
SN74ABT7819A-15PH
BI-DIRECTIONAL FIFO; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: QFP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: 0 Cel;
Rochester Electronics
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved