Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 650 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .05 A;
Median Price
$0.023
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
35
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Arrow
1+ parts
$0.019
100+ parts
-
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Chip1Stop
Verical
Farnell
Rochester
$0.040
$0.033
$0.029
DigiKey
$0.050
Nova Conductors
$0.024
Digiode
$0.031
Component Electronics Inc.
$0.380
$0.290
$0.250
Forefront Electronics and Design
$0.490
Vyrian
R&J Components
Chip Stock
EMSNET
Kruse Electronics AG
Kruse
Bristol Electronics
Inland Empire Components Inc.
Legend Electronics Inc.
Sogenti Electronics
Lighthouse Electronics, Inc.
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
PC Components Company LLC
Lantek
Electronic Expediters
Semtec, LLC
Zilex Electronics Inc.
Resion
Anansix
Semi Source
Atlantic Semiconductor
Specialty Parts & Electronic Components, Inc. (S.P.E.C.)
Elcom Components
Prism Electronics
Component Stockers USA
$0.020
Ampacity Inc.
Corohmni
Netroflash
Argo Parts USA
Corphita
$0.030
Perfect Parts
Continental Prestige Electronics
Metaverse IC Inc.
Kepictronics
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Kulean Microsystems
SupplyDigital Components
TANS Electronics
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Problanco Electronics
Cyclops Electronics Ltd (Excess)
Supply Digital
GreenTree Electronics
Infinite Electronics LLP (Excess)
Glotronic Ltd.
Futuretech Components
UHIMA Technologies
RF Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) MMBTH10 attributes and parameters. Explore more RF Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) devices from Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
Maximum Collector Current (IC):
Maximum Collector-Base Capacitance:
Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage:
Configuration:
Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE):
Highest Frequency Band:
JESD-30 Code:
No. of Elements:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Polarity or Channel Type:
Maximum Power Dissipation Ambient:
Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs):
Surface Mount:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Transistor Element Material:
Nominal Transition Frequency (fT):
Maximum VCEsat:
MMBTH10 Transistors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8541.21.00.75
SB
8541.21.00.80
NSN
5961-01-383-5579, 5961013835579
NIIN
013835579
Galaxy is an IDM semiconductor company focusing on the R&D, manufacture and sales of discrete devices. The main products include all kinds of Diodes, SiC, MOSFETs, Transistors, Analog ICs, Photocouplers, LEDs and other discrete semiconductor devices. We can provide customers with series products and technical solutions with high applicability and reliability to meet their one-stop purchasing needs. Our products are widely used in computers and peripherals, household appliances, adapters and power supplies, network communications, automotive electronics, industrial control and many other fields
LL4148
Continental Device India
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
IRLML6402TRPBF
Infineon Technologies
IRLML6402TRPBF by Infineon is a P-CHANNEL FET for SWITCHING applications. It features a 20V DS Breakdown Voltage, 22A IDM, and 0.065 ohm RDS(on). With a small outline package and matte tin finish, it operates in temperatures from -55 to 150 °C.
RC0402FR-0710KL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0402FR-0710KL is a 10000 ohm SMT fixed resistor with 1% tolerance, suitable for applications requiring a rated power dissipation of 0.0625 W. With a temperature coefficient of 100 ppm/°C, it operates b/w -55 to 155 °C, making it ideal for various electronic circuits.
Sangdest Microelectronics (Nanjing)
LM358AN
Texas Instruments
LM358AN by Texas Instruments is an Operational Amplifier with 2 functions. It has a Max Input Offset Voltage of 5000 uV and Nominal Common Mode Reject Ratio of 85 dB. Widely used in voltage-feedback applications due to its high Min Voltage Gain of 15000 and Unity Gain Bandwidth of 1000 kHz.
ULN2803A
YOUTAI SEMICONDUCTOR CO LTD
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 18; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G18;
1N4148WS
Vishay Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS123,215
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' BSS123,215 is a N-CHANNEL FET for SWITCHING applications. Features include 100V DS Breakdown Voltage, 0.17A Drain Current, and 6 ohm On Resistance. With GULL WING terminals and ENHANCEMENT MODE operation, it's ideal for small outline packages in various electronic devices.
2N2222A
New Jersey Semiconductor Products
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM107H/883
National Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Technology: BIPOLAR;
FDLL4148
STM32H743ZIT6
STMicroelectronics
STM32H743ZIT6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with integrated cache and a max supply voltage of 3.6V. It is commonly used in industrial applications, offering features such as 21 timers, CAN and USB connectivity, and low power mode.
ABS06-32.768KHZ-T
Abracon
Abracon's ABS06-32.768KHZ-T crystal oscillator offers 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 90000 ohm series resistance, and -40 to 85 °C operating temperature range. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in compact designs like IoT devices and wearables.
1N4148
Diotec Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
M24308/2-1F
Bel Fuse
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 1750VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; Mixed Contacts: NO;
261
Deltrol Controls
Other Relays;
LM317T
Micro Commercial Components
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Maximum Output Current-1: 1.5 A; Operating Temperature (TJ-Min): 0 Cel;
2N7002
Diodes Incorporated
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Terminal Form: GULL WING; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3;
SMBJ18CA
Leshan Radio
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TO-220; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Input-Output Voltage Differential: 3 V;
MPSH81
Onsemi
The Onsemi MPSH81 is a PNP RF BJT transistor with 3 terminals in a cylindrical package. It has a max collector-emitter voltage of 20V, fT of 600MHz, and low capacitance of 0.85pF. Ideal for amplifier applications due to its silicon element material and through-hole terminal form.
HFA3046BZ
Intersil
NPN; Configuration: COMPLEX; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 8000 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .037 A; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 8 V;
HFA3127BZ96
Renesas Electronics
Renesas Electronics' HFA3127BZ96 is an NPN RF BJT with 5 elements, ideal for amplifier applications in the ultra-high frequency band. It features a max collector-emitter voltage of 8V and a nominal transition frequency of 8000MHz. This surface-mount transistor has a small outline package with 16 terminals in gull-wing form.
BLW32
NPN; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 3500 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .65 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 30 V; No. of Elements: 1;
MPSA10RLRAG
MPSA10RLRAG by Onsemi is an NPN RF BJT with 3 terminals, operating up to 150 °C. It has a max collector-emitter voltage of 25V and transition frequency of 650MHz. Ideal for ultra-high frequency applications due to its low capacitance and high frequency band capabilities.
BFR96
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 4500 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A;
SD1134
SD1134 by STMicroelectronics is an NPN RF BJT transistor with a max power dissipation of 5W and max collector current of 0.75A. It operates in the ultra-high frequency band, suitable for applications requiring high-frequency signal amplification in radial terminal configurations.
BFR93AWH6327XTSA1
BFR93AWH6327XTSA1 by Infineon is a NPN RF BJT transistor with 12V VCEO, 0.09A IC, and 6000MHz fT. Ideal for L Band applications, it's a single configuration amplifier in a small outline package suitable for surface mount technology.
KSC1674O-C
KSC1674O-C by Onsemi is an NPN RF BJT transistor with a max VCEsat of 0.3V, ideal for amplifier applications in the UHF band. It has a min hFE of 70, max fT of 600MHz, and can handle a max IC of 0.02A.
BFY90PBFREE
Central Semiconductor
BFY90PBFREE by Central Semiconductor is an NPN BJT for AMPLIFIER applications. Features include Gp: 21 dB, fT: 1400 MHz, and hFE: 20. With a max operating temperature of 200°C, it has a package style of CYLINDRICAL and terminal finish of MATTE TIN OVER NICKEL.
BFU530AR
The NXP Semiconductors BFU530AR is a RF BJT transistor with NPN polarity, suitable for amplifier applications in the L Band. It has a max collector-emitter voltage of 12V, collector current of 0.04A, and transition frequency of 11GHz. This surface-mount device comes in a small outline package with Gull Wing terminals.
MPSH17RLRP
MPSH17RLRP by Onsemi is a NPN RF BJT transistor with 3 terminals. It operates in the very high frequency band up to 800 MHz, making it suitable for amplifier applications. With a max collector-emitter voltage of 15V and low capacitance of 0.9 pF, it is ideal for high-frequency circuit designs.
MT3S111(TE85LF)
Toshiba
RF Small Signal Bipolar Transistors; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED;
2SC5066-O,LF
Toshiba's 2SC5066-O,LF is an NPN RF BJT transistor with a max fT of 7000 MHz. It has a max IC of 0.03 A and hFE of 80, suitable for amplifier applications in the UHF band. The package is a small outline with gull wing terminals, making it ideal for surface mount designs.
MMBTH10
Fairchild Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 650 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .05 A;
MSC82040
STMicroelectronics' MSC82040 is an NPN BJT transistor with 4 terminals, ideal for L Band applications. Featuring a max operating temp of 200 °C, it has a fT of 1600 MHz and hFE of 15, making it suitable for amplifier circuits in high-frequency environments. The package style is post/stud mount with a ceramic-metal-sealed co-fired body material.
JANS2N3866AUB
Microsemi
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .4 A; No. of Elements: 1; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BFP450H6327XTSA1
BFP450H6327XTSA1 by Infineon Technologies is a NPN RF BJT transistor with 4 terminals, suitable for X Band applications. It has a max fT of 42 GHz, IC of 0.15A, and VCE of 4V. Ideal for amplifier circuits in small outline packages with Gull Wing terminals.
BFT92W
Siemens
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 5000 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .025 A; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3;
MMBTH24
MMBTH24 by Onsemi is a NPN RF BJT transistor with a max collector-emitter voltage of 30V and fT of 400MHz. It's used in amplifier applications, operates at -55 to 150 °C, and has a max power dissipation of 0.225W.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
MMBTH81
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 600 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .05 A;
The Onsemi MMBTH81 is a PNP RF BJT with 3 terminals, operating in the VHF band. It has a max power dissipation of 0.35W and transition frequency of 600MHz. Ideal for amplifier applications due to its high collector-emitter voltage and small outline package style.
MMBTH10LT1G
MMBTH10LT1G by Onsemi is an NPN RF transistor with a max operating temperature of 150°C. It has a small outline package style and can handle a max collector-emitter voltage of 25V. This transistor is commonly used in ultra high frequency band applications.
MMBTH81_NL
MMBTH81_NL by Fairchild Semiconductor is a PNP RF BJT transistor with 3 terminals, suitable for amplifier applications in the VHF band. It has a max power dissipation of 0.35W, DC current gain of 60 (hFE), and operates at temperatures up to 150°C. This surface-mount transistor features a small outline package with gull wing terminals.
MMBTH81D87Z
MMBTH81D87Z by National Semiconductor is a PNP BJT transistor with a max collector-emitter voltage of 20V and a nominal transition frequency of 600MHz. It is designed for amplifier applications in the very high-frequency band, featuring a small outline package with gull wing terminals for surface mount assembly.
MMBTH81LT1
MMBTH81LT1 by Onsemi is a PNP RF small signal BJT with a max collector-emitter voltage of 20V and a nominal transition frequency of 600MHz. It is commonly used in applications requiring ultra high frequency band performance, such as wireless communication systems.
Motorola
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 600 MHz; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3; Highest Frequency Band: ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND;
MMBT918LT1G
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 600 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .05 A;
MMBT5179
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 900 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .05 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 900 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .05 A; Qualification: Not Qualified;
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 900 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .05 A; Terminal Form: GULL WING;
MMBTH11
MMBTH11 by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor for RF applications. It operates in the very high frequency band with a max fT of 650 MHz. With a collector-emitter voltage of 25V and max power dissipation of 0.35W, it is ideal for amplifier circuits in small outline packages.
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 660 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .05 A;
Panjit International
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 650 MHz; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3;
Jiangsu Changjiang Electronics Technology
Secos
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved