Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
STL73L by STMicroelectronics is a single NPN BJT designed for switching applications. It features a max collector-emitter voltage of 400V, a min DC current gain (hFE) of 10, and operates up to 150 °C. Ideal for efficient circuit designs in various electronic devices.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
4
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Digiode
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Vyrian
R&J Components
Anansix
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$1.033
$0.930
MKK Technologies
$1.943
DigiPath Technology Company
Corphita
Parana Technologies
$1.235
The plastic/epoxy body provides durability and resistance to environmental factors, making this BJT suitable for a wide range of applications.
As an NPN transistor, it allows for efficient switching and amplification, commonly suitable for various electronic circuits.
The single configuration simplifies circuit design and integration, making it easy to use in compact applications.
Designed for switching applications, this BJT can efficiently control power in electronic devices, enhancing performance.
The round package shape allows for easier handling and placement in circuits, promoting versatility in device assembly.
Wire terminals facilitate easy soldering and connections, ensuring reliable electrical contact in circuit designs.
With 3 terminals, this BJT supports a simple connection configuration, making it user-friendly in various applications.
The cylindrical package style can fit easily into different design layouts, making it versatile for various engineering requirements.
A minimum hFE of 10 ensures fundamental amplification capability, making it effective for signal processing.
With a high maximum operating temperature, this BJT can function reliably in demanding thermal environments.
A maximum V_CE of 400V allows this BJT to be used in high-voltage applications, expanding its usability in various sectors.
Silicon provides excellent semiconductor properties, ensuring stability and efficiency in electronic applications.
With a maximum collector current rating of 1.5 A, this transistor can handle moderate power levels, making it ideal for a range of applications.
A relatively fast turn-off time enables efficient switching and minimizes delays in circuit operations, enhancing the overall speed of applications.
Bottom terminal positioning allows for optimized PCB layout, facilitating better space utilization in electronic designs.
Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) STL73L attributes and parameters. Explore more Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) devices from STMicroelectronics
Maximum Collector Current (IC):
Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage:
Configuration:
Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE):
JEDEC-95 Code:
JESD-30 Code:
No. of Elements:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Polarity or Channel Type:
Qualification:
Surface Mount:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Transistor Application:
Transistor Element Material:
Maximum Turn Off Time (toff):
STL73L Transistors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
STMicroelectronics is a global leader in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, with over 35 years of experience providing innovative and advanced technologies for customers around the world. Headquartered in Netherlands, STMicroelectronics has more than 51,323 employees worldwide and operates across 32 countries all over Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Americas. The company’s portfolio includes integrated circuits, discrete components, application-specific standard products, and computer chipsets. STMicroelectronics serves a wide range of industries such as automotive, consumer markets, healthcare and industrial applications.
President, CEO
Jean-Marc Chery
President, CFO, Finance, Purchasing,Enterprise Risk Management & Resilience
Lorenzo Grandi
President, Sales & Marketing
Jerome Roux
Castelletto
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1968
Italy
Wafer Capacity
SGFAB AMK 6
2000
Singapore
29,000
AG200
Agrate Brianza
14,000
RST 8
France
Rousset
35,000
Crolles 1
1993
Crolles
30,000
Crolles 2-ext. mod 5
Crolles 2-ext. mod 2
2022
Crolles 2-ext. mod 3
2023
Crolles 2
2004
28,000
1985
SiC Fab
2006
Sweden
Norrköping
10,000
Fab 3
2005
Tours
2,000
Fab 1 & Fab 2
1978
55,000
Fab 2
1997
Catania
SGFAB-AMK 6E
2003
145,000
SGFAB-AMJ 9
1984
152,000
AG300 (R3)
1980
25,000
1987
34,000
AG300
2024
Crolles 2-ext. mod 1
2020
Fab 1 6-inch fab
2013
11,000
SiC 6-inch line
2021
2,500
200mm GaN
2018
SGFAB-AMK 8
2001
Crolles 2- JV Fab
SGFAB-AMK 6
2016
38,125
SGFAB-AMK 2E
2010
20,000
Silicon Carbide A.B.
SiC wafer/EPI Fab
SiC Device Fab
2025
2N2222A
Rectron
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Package Shape: ROUND;
LL4148
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
NE555D
Texas Instruments
NE555D by Texas Instruments is an 8-terminal IC with a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 16V, suitable for analog waveform generation applications. It operates at temperatures from 0°C to 70°C and has a max supply current of 15mA. The package style is small outline, making it ideal for compact electronic designs.
2N7002
Jiangsu Changjiang Electronics Technology
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
Silicon Standard
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 7.5 ohm; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
RC0603FR-071KL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0603FR-071KL is a fixed resistor with 1000 ohm resistance, 1% tolerance, and 0.1 W power dissipation. Ideal for surface mount applications in electronics, it operates b/w -55 to 155 °C with a temperature coefficient of 100 ppm/°C.
M39029/58360
Esterline Technologies
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Terminal Type: CRIMP; Removal Tools: M81969/14-01; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; IEC Conformity: NO; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT;
1N4148
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
M85049/85-08W02
TE Connectivity
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Minimum Operating Temperature: -65 Cel; Wire Gauge (AWG): 0; Maximum Wire Size: 0 AWG; Maximum Operating Temperature: 175 Cel; Material: ALUMINUM ALLOY;
SMBJ18CA
Taiwan Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Rfe International
New Jersey Semiconductor Products
M24308/2-1F
Defense Logistics Agency
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Mounting Type: CABLE AND PANEL; Mating Info.: MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE; Empty Shell: NO;
Asi Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Sinyork
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
Infineon Technologies
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
FDV303N
Fairchild Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; JESD-609 Code: e3;
LL4148-GS08
Vishay Intertechnology
The Vishay Intertechnology LL4148-GS08 is a glass diode with fast recovery time of 0.008 us and max reverse current of 5 uA. Ideal for applications requiring rectification, it has a breakdown voltage of 100 V and can handle a peak forward current of 2 A.
LM555CM
Harris Semiconductor
Analog Waveform Generation Functions; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
NXP Semiconductors
MMBT3904
Panjit International
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A; JESD-609 Code: e3;
BC547C
Diodes Incorporated
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .625 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A;
MMBT2222A
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .33 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
JANTX2N2222AUA
M/a-com Technology Solutions
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; No. of Terminals: 4; Terminal Form: NO LEAD;
BC847-C
Kec
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
2N2907A
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; JESD-609 Code: e3;
JANTX2N2222AUB
Cobham Plc
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 50 V; No. of Elements: 1;
BC846B
Philips Components
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 65 V;
2N3906
Weitron Technology
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL;
Motorola
BC547CBU
Onsemi
BC547CBU by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor with hFE of 420, VCE of 45V, and IC of 0.1A. Ideal for switching applications, it has a max power dissipation of 0.625W and operates up to 150°C. Its through-hole package makes it suitable for various electronic circuits.
Raytheon Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE): 100; Maximum Turn On Time (ton): 35 ns;
BC847C
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Terminal Form: GULL WING;
SBC817-40LT3G
Good-ark Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A;
2N2219A
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .8 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
BCY89
NPN; Configuration: SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 50 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .03 A; Additional Features: LOW NOISE;
MMBT2222ALT1
Db Lectro
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
MMBTA42LT1G
MMBTA42LT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor with 300V VCEO, 0.5A IC, and 50MHz fT. Ideal for small signal applications in electronics due to its high transition frequency and low power dissipation of 0.3W. Its compact rectangular package makes it suitable for surface mount designs requiring a single configuration.
Microsemi
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Package Shape: ROUND;
PMBT2369,215
NXP Semiconductors' PMBT2369,215 is a NPN BJT transistor for switching applications. It has a VCEsat of 0.25V, hFE of 20, and IC of 0.2A. With a max operating temperature of 150°C, it offers fast turn-on/off times (10ns/20ns) and high transition frequency (500MHz).
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
STL71
STMicroelectronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .95 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED;
STL71H
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; No. of Terminals: 3; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-92;
STL71L
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Qualification: Not Qualified;
STL72
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1 A; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-92;
STL72-AP
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1 A; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 400 V;
STL72G-AP
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1 A; Package Shape: ROUND;
STL72H
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1 A; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Qualification: Not Qualified;
STL72L
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1 A; Qualification: Not Qualified; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-92;
STL73
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1.1 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1.5 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
STL73D
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1.5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1.5 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
STL73D-AP
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1.5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1.5 A; JESD-30 Code: O-PBCY-T3;
STL73D-H
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1.5 A; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 400 V; No. of Elements: 1;
STL73D-H-AP
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1.5 A; JESD-30 Code: O-PBCY-T3; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 400 V;
STL73D-L
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1.5 A; Package Shape: ROUND; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 400 V;
STL73D-L-AP
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1.5 A; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; No. of Terminals: 3;
STL73H
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): 1.5 A; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved