Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
DL-LS1068 by Onsemi is a LASER DIODE with 0.11A max forward current, 658nm peak wavelength, and 3V max forward voltage. It operates b/w -10 °C to 70°C, suitable for THROUGH HOLE MOUNT applications in various industries.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
2
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Digiode
Native Components
$0.189
$0.181
Northwest PG Solutions
$0.207
$0.183
Kulean Microsystems
TANS Electronics
Problanco Electronics
SupplyDigital Components
Corphita
Corohmni
UHIMA Technologies
The low maximum forward current ensures efficient power consumption, making the product cost-effective in the long run.
The peak wavelength of 658 nm indicates a specific range of light emission, making it suitable for various applications such as communications, medical equipment, and laser pointers.
Being a laser diode ensures high coherence and monochromaticity, making it reliable for use in precision instrumentation and optical communication systems.
The high maximum operating temperature allows for reliable performance in a wide range of environmental conditions, enhancing the product's durability and versatility.
The low minimum operating temperature ensures the product can function in colder environments without any performance issues, increasing its usability across different settings.
The through-hole mounting feature provides secure and stable installation, ensuring the laser diode stays in place during operation, minimizing the risk of damage or misalignment.
The low maximum forward voltage requirement simplifies the power supply design and reduces potential heat dissipation, making the product easier to integrate into various systems.
Laser Diodes DL-LS1068 attributes and parameters. Explore more Laser Diodes devices from Onsemi
Maximum Forward Current:
Maximum Forward Voltage:
Mounting Feature:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Optoelectronic Type:
Peak Wavelength (nm):
Sub-Category:
Established in 1999, Onsemi is a leading global provider of power and image-sensing technologies. They are dedicated to building a better future for the automotive, industrial, cloud, medical, and IoT markets. Onsemi's core technologies include analog, digital, and mixed-signal products that offer innovative solutions for advanced automotive systems; highly reliable power management products for industrial applications; low-cost imaging solutions for medical equipment and consumer electronics; and robust communication architectures for the Internet of Things (IoT).
President, CEO
Hassane El-Khoury
Executive VP, CFO, Treasurer
Thad Trent
Senior VP
Ross F. Jatou
Aizu Fab
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1995
Japan
Aizu Wakamatsu
Wafer Capacity
52,000
Si/EPI Fab
2018
Czech Republic
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm
10,000
Expansion Phase 1 for SiC / EPI
2019
14,500
Expansion Phase 2 for SiC / EPI
2024
SiC Fab
2022
USA
Hudson
Bucheon
2013
South Korea
61,000
ISMF - Malaysia
1990
Malaysia
Seremban
95,000
Roznov Device Fab
1987
80,000
Fab 10
2002
East Fishkill
15,000
Burlington
1986
Canada
Gresham
1998
45,000
Bucheon 150mm
2000
50,000
Rochester
1983
Nampa
Pennsylvania
1997
Mountain Top
36,000
BSS138
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
2N2222A
Good-ark Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1.8 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LM107H/883
Advanced Micro Devices
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Low-Offset: NO;
DS18B20+
Analog Devices
DS18B20+ by Analog Devices is a 12-bit temperature sensor with 3.3/5V supply, -55 to 125°C range, and ±0.50°C accuracy. It features a 1-Wire interface for digital output and is commonly used in applications requiring precise temperature monitoring in various industries.
BAV99
Toshiba
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Taitron Components
LL4148
Rugao Dachang Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
1N4148WS
Formosa Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SMBJ18CA
Bourns
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
M39029/58-360
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's M39029/58-360 is a CRIMP terminal backshell for 22-28 AWG wires, rated at 5A. Ideal for male contacts in Mil-Spec applications, it offers a cross-section area of 0.34 mm2 and ensures secure connections in demanding environments.
IRLML6401TRPBF
Infineon Technologies
IRLML6401TRPBF by Infineon is a P-CHANNEL FET for SWITCHING applications. It features a 12V DS Breakdown Voltage, 34A IDM, and 0.05ohm RDS(on). With a small outline package style, it operates in an ambient temperature range of -55 to 150 °C.
Diodes Incorporated
2N7002
Sipex
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 240; Terminal Finish: TIN LEAD;
Weitron Technology
LM7805CT
Fairchild Semiconductor
FIXED POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TO-220; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Maximum Input Voltage Absolute: 35 V; Maximum Voltage Tolerance: 5 %;
Tesla Elektronicke Soucastky
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Cheng-yi Electronic
SS14
Meritek Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: .5 A; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; No. of Phases: 1;
ABS10-32.768KHZ-T
Abracon
Abracon's ABS10-32.768KHZ-T crystal oscillator offers 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 122% stability, and 70000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing at 0.032768 MHz, such as IoT devices and wearables due to its compact size and low power consumption.
TOLD157
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .095 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 810; Maximum Operating Temperature: 50 Cel;
NX8571SC626-BA-A
Renesas Electronics
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Peak Wavelength (nm): 1563; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.5 V; Semiconductor Material: InGaAsP; Minimum Operating Temperature: -5 Cel;
SDL3038-011
Onsemi
SDL3038-011 by Onsemi is a 640nm LASER DIODE with AlGaInP material. It operates b/w -10 °C to 40°C, featuring THROUGH HOLE MOUNT. Ideal for applications requiring precise laser technology in various industries.
NX8570SC457D-BA
LASER DIODE; Minimum Operating Temperature: -5 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Semiconductor Material: InGaAsP; Peak Wavelength (nm): 1546; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.5 V;
SDL7032-102
SDL7032-102 by Onsemi is an 850nm LASER DIODE with GaAlAs semiconductor material. It operates b/w -10 °C to 50°C, suitable for THROUGH HOLE MOUNT applications in optoelectronics.
NX8570SC883D-BA-AZ
LASER DIODE; Peak Wavelength (nm): 1588; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.5 V; Minimum Operating Temperature: -5 Cel; Semiconductor Material: InGaAsP; Maximum Forward Current: .3 A;
NX8571SC497-BA
LASER DIODE; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.5 V; Maximum Forward Current: .3 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 1549; Semiconductor Material: InGaAsP; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel;
TOLD322CAA
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Semiconductor Material: InGaAs; Maximum Forward Voltage: 1.5 V; Maximum Forward Current: .15 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 65 Cel;
NX8563LAS437-CD-A
LASER DIODE; Minimum Operating Temperature: -20 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Semiconductor Material: InGaAsP; Maximum Forward Current: .3 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 1544;
SPLBG98
LASER DIODE; Peak Wavelength (nm): 975; Semiconductor Material: InGaAs/GaAs; Spectral Bandwidth: 4 m;
TOLD9220(S)
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 40 Cel; Peak Wavelength (nm): 660;
TOLD9442M
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Semiconductor Material: AlGaInP; Maximum Forward Current: .06 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 650; Maximum Forward Voltage: 3 V;
TOLD322CCA
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Forward Voltage: 1.5 V; Maximum Forward Current: .15 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 1310; Maximum Response Time: .000000001 s;
NX8570SA517-CA
LASER DIODE; Minimum Operating Temperature: -5 Cel; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.5 V; Peak Wavelength (nm): 1552; Maximum Forward Current: .3 A; Semiconductor Material: InGaAsP;
TOLD322CBB
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .15 A; Maximum Response Time: .000000001 s;
NX8571SC904-BA
LASER DIODE; Minimum Operating Temperature: -5 Cel; Semiconductor Material: InGaAsP; Maximum Forward Current: .3 A; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.5 V; Peak Wavelength (nm): 1590;
TOLD9150(S)
LASER DIODE; Peak Wavelength (nm): 690; No. of Functions: 1; Nominal Output Power: 30 W;
NX8567SAM533-CC
LASER DIODE; Maximum Response Time: .000000000125 s; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2 V; Minimum Operating Temperature: -5 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .15 A;
SDL3034-001
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 65 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Peak Wavelength (nm): 780;
SPLPL85
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Forward Voltage: 10 V; Minimum Operating Temperature: -20 Cel; Peak Wavelength (nm): 850;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
DL-LS1017
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Forward Voltage: 3.5 V; Maximum Forward Current: .11 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 60 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel;
DL-LS1018
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.6 V; Maximum Forward Current: .09 A; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Peak Wavelength (nm): 675;
DL-LS1027
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .13 A; Maximum Forward Voltage: 3.5 V; Peak Wavelength (nm): 660;
DL-LS1032
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 50 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .08 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 635; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.5 V;
DL-LS1034
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Forward Current: .085 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 50 Cel; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.6 V; Peak Wavelength (nm): 635;
DL-LS1035
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 40 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .11 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 635; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel;
DL-LS1036
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Peak Wavelength (nm): 635; Maximum Forward Current: .11 A; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.7 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 50 Cel;
DL-LS1045
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Forward Current: .11 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Peak Wavelength (nm): 658; Maximum Forward Voltage: 3 V;
DL-LS1060
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Maximum Forward Voltage: 3 V; Maximum Forward Current: .11 A; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel;
DL-LS1061
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .115 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 658;
DL-LS2003
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 60 Cel; Maximum Forward Voltage: 2.5 V; Maximum Forward Current: .065 A;
DL-LS39
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 50 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Semiconductor Material: AlGaInP; Peak Wavelength (nm): 795;
DL-LS40
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Peak Wavelength (nm): 800; Semiconductor Material: AlGaInP; Maximum Operating Temperature: 50 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel;
DL-LS42
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 60 Cel; Semiconductor Material: AlGaInP; Peak Wavelength (nm): 640; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel;
DL-LS5000
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 60 Cel; Peak Wavelength (nm): 405;
DL-LS5005
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Peak Wavelength (nm): 405; Maximum Operating Temperature: 60 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel;
DL-LS5010
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 60 Cel; Peak Wavelength (nm): 405; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel;
Sanyo Electric
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 50 Cel; Size: 1 mm; Maximum Threshold Current: 70 mA; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN PHOTO DIODE;
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Nominal Output Power: 50 W; Maximum Forward Current: .11 A; Maximum Threshold Current: 60 mA; Configuration: SINGLE;
DL-LS1068
LASER DIODE; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Size: 1.6 mm; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Maximum Threshold Current: 60 mA; Minimum Operating Temperature: -10 Cel;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved