Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
NCV7321D11R2G by Onsemi is a line transceiver with a max supply voltage of 27V and a min supply voltage of 5V. It is commonly used in automotive applications due to its temperature grade and moisture sensitivity level.
Median Price
$0.746
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
15
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Newark
1+ parts
$0.800
100+ parts
$0.451
1k+ parts
$0.388
10k+ parts
$0.372
DigiKey
-
Mouser Electronics
$0.452
$0.349
Rochester
$0.429
$0.356
$0.318
Verical
$0.446
$0.397
Element14
$1.260
$0.819
$0.730
Farnell
$0.693
$0.449
$0.440
Avnet
$0.316
Flip Electronics
$0.170
Digiode
$0.535
Nova Conductors
$0.646
Chip Stock
Vyrian
Bristol Electronics
Sunrise Surplus Inc.
Semicontronic
$0.447
$0.436
$0.434
Ampacity Inc.
$0.473
Corphita
$0.507
Corohmni
$0.556
Continental Prestige Electronics
$0.645
$0.632
Argo Parts USA
$0.626
Vigor
$0.960
Microchip USA
$3.910
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$5.140
Advanced Electronics
$14.789
$14.049
Infinite Electronics LLP (Excess)
RC Electronics
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Lixinc
GreenTree Electronics
TANS Electronics
Problanco Electronics
SupplyDigital Components
Formix International (Excess)
Kulean Microsystems
Futuretech Components
Netroflash
$0.633
$0.613
$0.600
iodParts Technologies Inc.
UHIMA Technologies
This material provides durability and protection for the internal components, making this product suitable for long-term use in various applications.
With the surface mount capability, this product can be easily integrated into circuit boards, saving space and simplifying the manufacturing process.
This high voltage tolerance allows for compatibility with a wide range of power sources, ensuring reliable operation even in demanding environments.
The rectangular shape of the package enables easy and secure mounting, facilitating efficient installation and reducing the risk of damage during handling.
The ample number of terminals provides versatility for connecting to different components and systems, allowing for flexible integration and compatibility.
The small outline package style ensures a compact form factor, making this product suitable for space-constrained applications without compromising performance.
This low minimum supply voltage requirement allows for compatibility with various power sources, including lower voltage systems, enhancing the product's versatility.
The high maximum operating temperature capability ensures reliable performance even in harsh environments with elevated temperatures, making it ideal for industrial applications.
The low minimum operating temperature capability enables reliable operation in extreme cold conditions, enhancing the product's suitability for outdoor and automotive applications.
The matte tin finish provides excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, ensuring reliable signal transmission and longevity in various operating conditions.
The dual terminal configuration allows for easy and secure connections, providing stability and reducing the risk of signal loss or noise interference.
The low maximum seated height enables this product to be used in compact devices or applications with space constraints, providing design flexibility and versatility.
The narrow width of this product allows for efficient use of space on circuit boards, making it suitable for densely packed electronic systems.
This specification indicates the maximum duration that the product can withstand peak reflow temperatures during the manufacturing process, ensuring reliability and avoiding damage.
The high peak reflow temperature capability makes this product compatible with lead-free soldering processes, ensuring compliance with environmental standards and regulations.
The compact length of this product facilitates space-saving installation, enabling it to be utilized in small form factor electronic devices or applications.
The automotive temperature grade certification ensures that this product can operate reliably within the specific temperature range required for automotive applications, making it suitable for use in vehicles.
With a maximum receive delay of 6000 nanoseconds, this product can efficiently transmit and receive signals, allowing for speedy data communication in demanding applications.
The gull-wing terminal form facilitates easy soldering and assembly, enhancing the product's usability and reliability during the manufacturing process.
The differential Schmitt trigger input characteristics enable robust signal conditioning and noise immunity, ensuring consistent and accurate signal transmission.
The 12 V nominal supply voltage makes this product compatible with standard power sources, allowing for seamless integration into various electronic systems.
The pitch of 1.27 mm between terminals provides sufficient space for secure soldering and wiring connections, ensuring reliable electrical connections.
The MSL 2 rating indicates that this product has a moderate moisture sensitivity level, allowing for safe storage and handling in typical manufacturing environments.
This product's interface IC type as a line transceiver indicates its capability to transmit and receive data signals between different systems, making it suitable for various communication applications.
Line Drivers & Receivers NCV7321D11R2G attributes and parameters. Explore more Line Drivers & Receivers devices from Onsemi
Differential Output:
Driver No. of Bits:
Input Characteristics:
Interface IC Type:
Interface Standard:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Qualification:
Maximum Receive Delay:
Receiver No. of Bits:
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Width:
NCV7321D11R2G Interface ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
PCN Design/Specification - Datasheet Update 21/Jul/2015 NCV7 12/Aug/2016
PCN Assembly/Origin - Back Grind Installation 09/Sep/2014
Established in 1999, Onsemi is a leading global provider of power and image-sensing technologies. They are dedicated to building a better future for the automotive, industrial, cloud, medical, and IoT markets. Onsemi's core technologies include analog, digital, and mixed-signal products that offer innovative solutions for advanced automotive systems; highly reliable power management products for industrial applications; low-cost imaging solutions for medical equipment and consumer electronics; and robust communication architectures for the Internet of Things (IoT).
President, CEO
Hassane El-Khoury
Executive VP, CFO, Treasurer
Thad Trent
Senior VP
Ross F. Jatou
Aizu Fab
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1995
Japan
Aizu Wakamatsu
Wafer Capacity
52,000
Si/EPI Fab
2018
Czech Republic
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm
10,000
Expansion Phase 1 for SiC / EPI
2019
14,500
Expansion Phase 2 for SiC / EPI
2024
SiC Fab
2022
USA
Hudson
Bucheon
2013
South Korea
61,000
ISMF - Malaysia
1990
Malaysia
Seremban
95,000
Roznov Device Fab
1987
80,000
Fab 10
2002
East Fishkill
15,000
Burlington
1986
Canada
Gresham
1998
45,000
Bucheon 150mm
2000
50,000
1983
Nampa
Pennsylvania
1997
Mountain Top
36,000
SS14
General Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N7002
Nexperia
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .83 W; No. of Elements: 1; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
BAV99
Cheng-yi Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
LM358M
Raytheon Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
General Instrument
Sensitron Semiconductor
Jinan Jingheng Electronics
M39029/58-360
Carlisle Interconnect Technologies
GENERAL CONN ACCESSORY; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-C-55302/69, MIL-C-38999; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; MIL-Connector Accessory: CONTACT; Terminal Type: CRIMP; MIL Conformity: YES;
LM2675M-ADJ/NOPB
Texas Instruments
LM2675M-ADJ/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a voltage-mode switching regulator with 1A output current, 37V max output voltage, and 260kHz max switching frequency. Ideal for automotive applications due to its -40°C to 125°C operating temperature range and compact small outline package design.
LL4148
Vishay Telefunken
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
NUP2105LT1G
Onsemi
NUP2105LT1G by Onsemi is a Transient Suppression Device with 350W power dissipation, 29.1V breakdown voltage, and 44V clamping voltage. Commonly used in electronic circuits for surge protection due to its bidirectional polarity and silicon diode element material.
MBRS130LT3G
Rochester Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
American Power Devices
LM358N
Fairchild Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MBR0530T1G
MBR0530T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.375V and output current of 0.5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 125°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high-speed switching in compact electronic devices like smartphones and tablets. The package style is small outline with gull wing terminals for surface mount assembly.
MBR1560CT
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 60 V; Technology: SCHOTTKY; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 150 A;
Temic Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
Motorola
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Output Current: .1 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 70 V; JESD-609 Code: e0;
DS90LV048ATMTCX/NOPB
National Semiconductor
LINE RECEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2870IUFD#PBF
Linear Technology
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2862AIDD-2#PBF
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HVSON; Package Shape: SQUARE;
ADM2582EBRWZ-REEL7
Analog Devices
ADM2582EBRWZ-REEL7 by Analog Devices is a Line Driver & Receiver with 3.3/5 V power supplies, 700 ns max transmit delay, and EIA-485-A interface standard. Ideal for industrial applications requiring differential output and operating temperatures from -40 to 85 °C.
AD8138ARZ
AD8138ARZ by Analog Devices is a Line Driver with 8 terminals, operating at -40 to 85 °C. It has a supply voltage range of 1.4-5.5 V and offers differential output polarity for industrial applications requiring high-speed signal transmission.
SN65C3232EDRG4
SN65C3232EDRG4 by Texas Instruments is a Line Driver & Receiver with 16 terminals, operating at temperatures from -40 to 85°C. It features a max supply voltage of 3.6V, peak reflow temperature of 260°C, and interface standard EIA-232. Ideal for industrial applications requiring inverted output polarity and Schmitt trigger input characteristics.
ISL3178EIBZ-T
Renesas Electronics
ISL3178EIBZ-T by Renesas Electronics is a line driver & receiver with 1 function, operating at 3-3.6V. It features EIA-422/EIA-485 interface standards and differential Schmitt trigger input characteristics. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable communication over long distances.
ISL3330IAZ-T
Intersil
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN65HVD11DRG4
SN65HVD11DRG4 by Texas Instruments is an 8-terminal line driver with a max supply voltage of 3.6V and operating temperature range of -40 to 85°C. It features a differential output, EIA-485-A interface standard, and peak reflow temperature of 260°C. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable communication over long distances.
ADM3202ARUZ
ADM3202ARUZ by Analog Devices is a Line Driver & Receiver with 2 functions, operating at 3.3V. It has a max supply voltage of 5.5V and can withstand temperatures from -40 to 85°C. Ideal for industrial applications requiring EIA-232-E, TIA-232-E, V.28 interface standard compliance.
LTC2865IMSE#PBF
LTC2865IMSE#PBF by Analog Devices is a CMOS line transceiver with EIA-422 and EIA-485 interface standards. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, has a max supply voltage of 5.5 V, and offers differential output. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable data transmission over short distances.
SN75176AD
SN75176AD by Texas Instruments is a Line Driver & Receiver with 5.25V max supply voltage, 60ns max transmit delay, and 8 terminals. It's used in V.11 and EIA-422-B interfaces for data transmission applications requiring differential output and Schmitt trigger input characteristics.
SN65HVD1780DG4
SN65HVD1780DG4 by Texas Instruments is a Line Driver & Receiver with 3.3/5V power supplies, operating temperature range of -40 to 105°C, and EIA-485-A interface standard. It features differential output, dual terminal position, and nickel/palladium/gold finish. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable communication over long distances.
XISO1500DBQR
LINE TRANSCEIVER;
ADM1485ARZ
ADM1485ARZ by Analog Devices is a BICMOS Line Transceiver with EIA-422 and EIA-485 interface standards. It operates at 5V, has 8 terminals, and offers differential outputs. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable communication over short distances with low power consumption.
PCA9515ADP,118
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9515ADP,118 by NXP Semiconductors is a Line Driver & Receiver with 2 functions. It operates at 3-3.6V and has a transmit delay of 130ns. Ideal for I2C interface applications due to its small outline package and industrial temperature grade suitability.
MAX3243EIPWR
MAX3243EIPWR by Texas Instruments is a Line Driver & Receiver with 28 terminals, operating at -40 to 85 °C. It has 3 functions, supports supply voltages of 3.3/5 V, and interfaces with EIA-232-F; TIA-232-F; V.28 standards. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data transmission in compact designs.
MAX3485ESA+
Maxim Integrated
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2870HUFD#PBF
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ADM3251EARWZ
ADM3251EARWZ by Analog Devices is a Line Driver & Receiver with 3.3/5V supplies, 20 terminals, and EIA-232-E interface standard. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C) and has a max output low current of 4A. Ideal for applications requiring reliable data transmission over long distances.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
NCV7321D11G
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NCV7381DP0R2G
LINE DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NCV7361D
LINE DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NCV7381ADP0R2G
NCV7361ADR2
NCV7382D
NCV7310DR2
NCV7361DR2
NCV7380D
NCV7380DR2G
NCV7380DG
NCV7361ADG
NCV7381DP0G
NCV7321D10R2G
NCV7361ADR2G
NCV7310D
NCV7321D10G
NCV7361AD
NCV7380DR2
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved