Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Terminal Position: DUAL; Highest Frequency Band: VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND;
Median Price
$1.125
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
7
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Digiode
1+ parts
-
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Vyrian
Goldney Electronics S.L.
Anansix
Bristol Electronics
Microfarads
LIBRA Elektronik GmbH
Native Components
$18.276
Northwest PG Solutions
$20.104
$18.093
One Stop Electronics
$35.050
Metaverse IC Inc.
Authorized Procurement Solutions
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Microchip USA
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Alle Elektronik GmbH
UNI Independent Distributors
Assy Fe
Kepictronics
Corphita
RF Small Signal Field Effect Transistors (FET) BF510 attributes and parameters. Explore more RF Small Signal Field Effect Transistors (FET) devices from NXP Semiconductors
Additional Features:
Configuration:
Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage:
Maximum Drain Current (ID):
Field Effect Transistor Technology:
Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss):
Highest Frequency Band:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Elements:
No. of Terminals:
Operating Mode:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Polarity or Channel Type:
Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs):
Qualification:
Sub-Category:
Surface Mount:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Transistor Application:
Transistor Element Material:
BF510 Transistors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8541.21.00
NSN
4940-01-462-9785, 4940014629785, 6515-01-473-2216, 6515014732216
NIIN
014629785, 014732216
NXP is a leading semiconductor company that creates cutting-edge technology to power secure connections in a smarter world. Founded in 2006, they have grown to become one of the top five global semiconductor companies and serve their customers in over 70 countries around the world.
Executive Director, President, CEO
Kurt Sievers
Executive VP, CFO
Bill Betz
Executive VP, Chief Sales Officer
Ron Martino
ICN8
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1996
Netherlands
Nijmegen
Wafer Capacity
55,000
ATMC (Austin Tech & Mfg Center)
1995
USA
Austin
30,000
N/A
1989
Germany
Boeblingen
CHD
1993
Chandler
OHTC
1991
24,000
New Expansion Fab
2026
ECHO
2020
10,000
1N4148
Frontier Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
2N2222A
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LM358AN
Philips Semiconductors
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LL4148-GS08
Vishay Telefunken
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
SMBJ18CA
Meritek Electronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
C1206C104K5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C1206C104K5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V rated DC voltage. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and ±10% tolerance. Ideal for SMT applications due to its rectangular package shape and wraparound terminals.
DS18B20Z/T&R
Maxim Integrated
DS18B20Z/T&R by Maxim Integrated is a 12-bit digital temperature sensor with a max supply voltage of 5.5V and an accuracy of 0.50°C. It features a 1-Wire interface, operates b/w -55°C to 125°C, and is ideal for applications requiring precise temperature monitoring in compact spaces.
SS14
Goodwork Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
350766-1
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity 350766-1 is a rectangular power connector with 0.25" mating contact pitch, rated for 600V and operating temperatures from -55 to 105°C. It has a durable design with POLYAMIDE insulator material, suitable for commercial applications requiring secure crimp termination in cable mounting setups.
M39029/56351
Esterline Technologies
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; IEC Conformity: NO; Contact Gender: FEMALE; DIN Conformity: NO; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT; Tool Settings: M22520/2-10;
Daco Semiconductor
CRCW04020000Z0ED
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's CRCW04020000Z0ED is a 0 ohm jumper resistor with METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM tech. Operating b/w -55 to 155 °C, it suits SMT applications in automotive electronics due to AEC-Q200 compliance and 0.063 W power dissipation.
1N4148WT
Good-ark Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BAV99
Motorola
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Output Current: .1 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 70 V; JESD-609 Code: e0;
LM555CN
Onsemi
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
Texas Instruments
1N4148 by Texas Instruments is a rectifier diode with max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and max forward voltage of 1V. Ideal for applications requiring low reverse current such as signal demodulation circuits. Operates at max temp of 200°C, making it suitable for high-temperature environments.
C0603X104K5RACAUTO
C0603X104K5RACAUTO by KEMET Corp is a ceramic capacitor with capacitance of 0.1 uF and rated DC voltage of 50 V. It has a temperature coefficient of 15% and can operate b/w -55 to 125 °C. This SMT package is commonly used in automotive applications due to its AEC-Q200 reference standard.
M24308/2-1F
Positronic Industries
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Mating Info.: MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE; Additional Features: STANDARD: MIL-DTL-24308, POLARIZED; Body or Shell Style: RECEPTACLE;
M39029/58-360
Tri-star Electronics International
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Material: COPPER ALLOY; MIL Conformity: YES; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-C-55302/69, MIL-C-38999; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT; Terminal Type: CRIMP;
BF997-TAPE-13
NXP Semiconductors
BF997-TAPE-13 by NXP Semiconductors is an N-channel RF FET designed for amplifier applications. It features a dual gate, depletion mode operation with a max DS breakdown voltage of 20V and operates in the ultra-high frequency band. This surface-mount transistor ensures reliable performance up to 150 °C.
BF909A
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: COMPLEX; Surface Mount: YES; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR; Terminal Position: DUAL; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
FSX017LG
Fujitsu
FSX017LG by Fujitsu is an N-CHANNEL FET with a DEPLETION MODE operating mode, ideal for X BAND applications. Featuring a CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED package and GALLIUM ARSENIDE element material, it offers 8V DS breakdown voltage and 0.22W power dissipation at 175°C max temperature. Suitable for amplifier circuits with its SOURCE case connection and flat terminal form.
NE3210S01-T1B
Renesas Electronics
NE3210S01-T1B by Renesas Electronics is a N-CHANNEL RF FET with 12 dB Gp for AMPLIFIER applications in KU BAND. It has 3V DS Breakdown Voltage, 0.07A ID, and operates in DEPLETION MODE. The transistor features GULL WING terminals, MICROWAVE package style, and HETERO-JUNCTION technology.
BF909TRL
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: COMPLEX; Surface Mount: YES; Operating Mode: DUAL GATE, ENHANCEMENT MODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Highest Frequency Band: ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND;
2N5486
Micro Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .31 W; Qualification: Not Qualified; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
BF512
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Highest Frequency Band: VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .03 A;
J310
Solitron Devices
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .4 W; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED; Qualification: Not Qualified;
BF908WRT/R
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
NE3210S01
NE3210S01 by Renesas Electronics is a N-CHANNEL FET for AMPLIFIER applications. Features include 12 dB Gp, 3 V DS Breakdown Voltage, and KU BAND frequency band. It has a SINGLE configuration with surface mount capability and operates in DEPLETION MODE.
934021470235
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Qualification: Not Qualified; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3;
BF909AWR
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: COMPLEX; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Elements: 2; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
934055641235
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Terminals: 4; No. of Elements: 1; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
2N5485
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY; Transistor Application: AMPLIFIER;
2N5486RLRM
2N5486RLRM by Onsemi is an N-CHANNEL RF FET with 10 dB Gp for AMPLIFIER applications. Operating in DEPLETION MODE, it offers ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY performance up to 150 °C. With a max ID of 0.03 A and Crss of 1 pF, this JUNCTION FET is ideal for high-frequency amplification needs.
BF545B-TAPE-7
BF545B-TAPE-7 by NXP Semiconductors is an N-channel RF FET designed for amplifier applications. It features a 30V min DS breakdown voltage, operates in depletion mode, and supports very high frequency bands. This compact surface mount transistor ensures reliable performance up to 150 °C.
934002640215
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Operating Mode: DUAL GATE, DEPLETION MODE; Highest Frequency Band: ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G4;
BF992-TAPE-13
BF992-TAPE-13 by NXP Semiconductors is an N-channel RF FET designed for amplifier applications. It features a max DS breakdown voltage of 20V, operates in dual gate mode, and supports very high frequency bands. This compact surface mount device ensures efficient performance with a max temp of 150 °C.
2N5952
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; JESD-609 Code: e0; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
J309RLRA
J309RLRA by Onsemi is an N-CHANNEL RF FET with a 25V DS Breakdown Voltage, ideal for AMPLIFIER applications in the ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY BAND. Featuring a DEPLETION MODE and SILICON element material, it operates at up to 125 °C with a max Crss of 2.5 pF.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
BF511,215
BF511,215 by NXP Semiconductors is an N-CHANNEL RF FET with a DEPLETION MODE. It operates in the VERY HIGH FREQUENCY BAND and has a max power dissipation of 0.25 W. Ideal for AMPLIFIER applications due to its small outline package style and GULL WING terminal form.
BF510,215
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Qualification: Not Qualified; Terminal Finish: Tin (Sn);
BF512,215
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 20 V; Terminal Position: DUAL;
BF512-T
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 20 V; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .03 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
BF511
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Transistor Application: AMPLIFIER; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
BF512-TAPE-13
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss): .4 pF; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Transistor Application: AMPLIFIER;
BF510-TAPE-7
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
BF511-T
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .03 A; Terminal Position: DUAL;
BF511-TAPE-13
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Operating Mode: DEPLETION MODE; Field Effect Transistor Technology: JUNCTION; Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss): .4 pF;
BF510T/R
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .03 A; Terminal Position: DUAL;
BF511-TAPE-7
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .03 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
BF511TRL13
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY; Operating Mode: DEPLETION MODE; Transistor Application: AMPLIFIER;
BF510TRL13
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 20 V; Field Effect Transistor Technology: JUNCTION; Terminal Finish: TIN;
BF510-TAPE-13
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Field Effect Transistor Technology: JUNCTION; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY; Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss): .4 pF;
BF511T/R
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Terminal Position: DUAL; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
BF510-T
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3; No. of Terminals: 3; No. of Elements: 1;
BF510TRL
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 20 V; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .03 A; Terminal Position: DUAL;
BF511TRL
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Terminals: 3; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; JESD-609 Code: e3;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved