Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: VQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
Median Price
$0.197
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
23
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Rochester
1+ parts
$0.126
100+ parts
$0.118
1k+ parts
$0.107
10k+ parts
-
DigiKey
$0.300
$0.160
$0.134
$0.132
Mouser Electronics
$0.340
$0.172
$0.142
$0.122
Arrow
$0.163
Verical
$0.227
Chip1Stop
$0.167
Digiode
$0.120
Bristol Electronics
$0.607
$0.303
$0.121
Flip Electronics
Semi Source
NAC Semi
$0.140
Sunrise Surplus Inc.
IBS Electronics
$0.106
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
Dan-Mar Components
Chip Stock
Sea View Technologies
Vyrian
Corel Iberica Componentes, S.L.
Nova Conductors
Speed Components Ltd
Prism Electronics
Semtec, LLC
Ampacity Inc.
Corphita
$0.113
Component Stockers USA
$0.200
Corohmni
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$28.551
RC Electronics
$0.240
$0.210
Metaverse IC Inc.
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Perfect Parts
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Lixinc
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Continental Prestige Electronics
Kepictronics
iodParts Technologies Inc.
$0.378
Microchip USA
Speed Components Ltd (Excess)
TANS Electronics
Alle Elektronik GmbH
Kulean Microsystems
SupplyDigital Components
Argo Parts USA
Assy Fe
UHIMA Technologies
Futuretech Components
Supply Digital
GreenTree Electronics
Problanco Electronics
Bastille Electronics
Logic Gates NC7NZ34L8X attributes and parameters. Explore more Logic Gates devices from Fairchild Semiconductor
Family:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Load Capacitance (CL):
Logic IC Type:
Maximum I (ol):
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Inputs:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Packing Method:
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Power Supplies (V):
Propagation Delay At Nominal Supply:
Propagation Delay (tpd):
Qualification:
Schmitt Trigger:
Maximum Seated Height:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Width:
NC7NZ34L8X Logic ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
PCN Design/Specification - Mult Dev DS Update 16/Jun/2020 NC7SZ/NC7WZ/NC7NZ/NC7S/NC7ST 28/Dec/2020
PCN Assembly/Origin - Assembly Change 30/Jun/2023
PCN Packaging - Mult Devices 24/Oct/2017
PCN Other - Fab5 Supply Constraint 7/Mar/2022
In 2016 Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor (after 2022, onsemi). Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997. In September 2016, Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor. The company had locations in the United States at San Jose, California; San Rafael, California; South Portland, Maine; West Jordan, Utah; and Mountaintop, Pennsylvania. Outside the US it operated locations in Australia;[4] Singapore; Bucheon, South Korea; Penang, Malaysia; Suzhou, China; and Cebu, Philippines, among others.
LL4148
Leshan Radio
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 2 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us; No. of Phases: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 175 Cel;
BSS138NH6327XTSA2
Infineon Technologies
BSS138NH6327XTSA2 by Infineon is a N-CHANNEL FET with 60V DS Breakdown Voltage, ideal for small signal applications. Operating in Enhancement Mode, it has 0.36W Power Dissipation and 3.5 ohm Drain-Source Resistance. With Gull Wing terminals and AEC-Q101 reference standard, it's suitable for automotive electronics due to its high temperature range of -55 to 150 °C.
ABS07-32.768KHZ-T
Abracon
Abracon ABS07-32.768KHZ-T crystal oscillator offers 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 144% stability, and 70000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring 0.032768 MHz frequency precision in a compact surface-mount design with gold over nickel finish.
1N4148WT
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Weitron Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
1N4148
Kec
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 2 A; Config: SINGLE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel;
Semitron
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us;
BAV99
Frontier Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
AT90CAN128-16AUR
Microchip Technology
AT90CAN128-16AUR by Microchip: 16 MHz clock, 8-bit data RAM, and 131072 ROM words. Ideal for industrial applications with CAN, SPI, TWI connectivity and low power mode. Contains 4 timers, 8 ADC channels, and supports up to 10-bit analog to digital conversion.
2N2222A
North American Philips Discrete Products Div
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
2N7002
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .115 A;
LM78L05ACMX/NOPB
Texas Instruments
LM78L05ACMX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a fixed positive single output standard regulator with an output voltage of 5V and max current of 0.1A. It operates b/w 0-125°C, has a dropout voltage of 1.6V, and can handle input voltages up to 30V making it ideal for various electronic applications requiring stable power supply.
LM358N
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LD1117S33CTR
STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics LD1117S33CTR is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 3.3V and max output current of 1.3A. It operates within an input voltage range of 4.75V to 15V, making it suitable for various applications requiring stable voltage regulation in compact designs. The device features low dropout voltage of 1.3V, high temperature operation up to 125°C, and small outline package style for space-constrained PCB layouts.
Philips Semiconductors
Gec Plessey Semiconductors
Boca Semiconductor
SMBJ18CA
Diodes Incorporated
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Promax-johnton
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 7.5 ohm; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
LM358AN
Samsung
SN74AHC14PWRG3
SN74AHC14PWRG3 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 6 functions, 12 ns propagation delay, and 50 pF load capacitance. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125 °C with a supply voltage range of 2-5.5 V. This surface-mount package features a small outline design with dual terminals and matte tin finish.
SN74LVC2G14DCKTG4
SN74LVC2G14DCKTG4 by Texas Instruments is a logic gate with 2 functions, 6 ns propagation delay, and 9.5 ns propagation delay at nominal voltage of 1.8V. It is used in automotive applications due to its Schmitt Trigger technology and operating temperature range of -40°C to 125°C.
MM74HC14MX
Onsemi
MM74HC14MX by Onsemi is a CMOS logic gate with 6 functions. It has a propagation delay of 38 ns at 4.5V, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring fast response times. With Schmitt Trigger technology and a small outline package style, it offers reliable performance in compact designs.
SN74LVC3G17DCTR
SN74LVC3G17DCTR by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 3 functions, 5.4 ns propagation delay, and 1.8V nominal voltage. Ideal for automotive applications due to its Schmitt Trigger feature, it operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C and has a small outline package style for space-constrained designs.
SN74LVC2G17DCK3
SN74LVC2G17DCK3 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 2 functions, operating at a supply voltage range of 1.65V to 5.5V. It features a propagation delay of 9.3ns and max power supply current of 0.01mA, suitable for industrial applications requiring Schmitt trigger functionality in a compact package with dual terminals.
74HCT00D,653
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' 74HCT00D,653 is a CMOS Logic Gates IC with 4 functions and 2 inputs. It operates at a supply voltage of 5V with a propagation delay of 29ns. Ideal for automotive applications due to its small outline package and wide temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.
CD4023BE
General Electric Solid State
NAND GATE; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MM74HC00M
MM74HC00M by Onsemi is a CMOS Logic Gates IC with 4 functions and 2 inputs. It has a propagation delay of 23 ns at 4.5V, suitable for industrial applications requiring fast signal processing. This surface-mount device in small outline package offers dual terminal position and operates b/w -40 to 85°C temperature range.
Rochester Electronics
NAND GATE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74HC132DRG4
SN74HC132DRG4 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 4 functions and 2 inputs. It has a propagation delay of 31 ns at 5V, making it suitable for industrial applications requiring fast response times. With a small outline package style and Schmitt trigger technology, it is ideal for surface mount designs in harsh environments.
74HC00D-Q100,118
Nexperia
NAND GATE; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74LVC2G07DCKRG4
SN74LVC2G07DCKRG4 by Texas Instruments is a logic gate with 3.7ns propagation delay, 50pF load capacitance, and 8.6ns propagation delay. It is used in automotive applications due to its CMOS technology and open-drain output characteristics.
SN74LVC1G14DCKJ
SN74LVC1G14DCKJ by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with Schmitt Trigger feature. It operates at 3.3V, has a propagation delay of 5.5ns, and can handle load capacitance of 50pF. Ideal for industrial applications requiring fast signal processing in compact designs.
74LVC2G14GW,125
NXP Semiconductors' 74LVC2G14GW,125 is a logic gate with 2 functions, operating at 1.8V to 5.5V. It features a propagation delay of 12ns and Schmitt Trigger technology, suitable for automotive applications due to its wide temperature range (-40°C to 125°C) and small form factor (2x1.25mm).
CD74HC14M96
CD74HC14M96 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 6 functions, 41ns propagation delay at 4.5V. It operates in temperature range -55 to 125°C and has a peak reflow temp of 260°C. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring Schmitt trigger functionality.
SN74HC08DBR
SN74HC08DBR by Texas Instruments is a logic gate with 4 functions and 2 inputs. It has a propagation delay of 25 ns at 5V, making it suitable for industrial applications. This CMOS technology device comes in a small outline package with dual terminals and operates b/w -40 to 85 °C.
CD40106BE
CD40106BE by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 6 functions, 280 ns propagation delay at 5V. It features Schmitt Trigger technology, operates b/w -55 to 125 °C, and has a max supply voltage of 18V. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring reliable signal processing in compact designs.
CD4070BE
XOR GATE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
CD40106BM96
CD40106BM96 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS Logic Gates IC with 6 functions, 280 ns propagation delay at 5V. It has a MILITARY temperature grade and operates b/w -55 to 125 °C. Ideal for applications requiring Schmitt Trigger functionality in compact designs.
NC7WZ14P6X_NL
Fairchild Semiconductor
Fairchild Semiconductor's NC7WZ14P6X_NL is a CMOS logic gate with 2 functions, operating at 1.8V nominal voltage and 3.3V power supplies. With a propagation delay of 14.5ns, it is suitable for industrial applications requiring Schmitt Trigger functionality in a small outline package.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
NC7NZ17K8X
The Onsemi NC7NZ17K8X is a CMOS logic gate with 3 functions, featuring a propagation delay of 7.3 ns at 1.8V supply voltage. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C and has a max seated height of 0.9mm. With Schmitt Trigger technology and surface mount capability, it offers fast signal processing in compact designs.
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: VSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NC7NZ17K8X_NL
Fairchild Semiconductor's NC7NZ17K8X_NL is a CMOS Logic Gate with 3 functions, 13.1 ns propagation delay, and operates b/w -40 to 85°C. It has a small outline package with very thin profile suitable for industrial applications requiring high-speed signal processing in compact spaces.
NC7NZ34K8X
NC7NZ34K8X-L22236
The Onsemi NC7NZ34K8X-L22236 is a CMOS logic gate with 3 functions, 8.8 ns propagation delay at 1.8V, and 50 pF load capacitance. It is used in applications requiring fast signal processing in small outline packages with very thin profiles and shrink pitch designs.
NC7NZ14K8X
INVERTER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: VSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
The Onsemi NC7NZ14K8X is a CMOS logic gate with 3 functions, featuring a propagation delay of 7.5 ns at 1.8V supply voltage. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C and has a max seated height of 0.9mm.
NC7NZ34K8X_NL
NC7NZ17L8X
NC7NZ17L8X-L22185
NC7NZ14K8X_NL
NC7NZ14L8X
INVERTER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: VQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
NC7NZ04K8X
The Onsemi NC7NZ04K8X is a CMOS Logic Gates IC with 3 functions, 5ns propagation delay, and 1.8V nominal voltage. Ideal for industrial applications requiring fast signal processing in a small outline package with dual terminals and tin finish.
NC7NZ34L8X
The Onsemi NC7NZ34L8X is a logic gate with 3 functions and 5.1ns propagation delay at 1.8V, suitable for industrial applications. With a max operating temperature of 85°C and surface mount capability, it offers fast performance in compact chip carrier packaging. Operating b/w -40°C to 85°C, this CMOS technology device has a terminal pitch of 0.5mm and can handle up to 24A current output.
NC7NZ04L8X
NC7NZU04L8X
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved