Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
The Onsemi MMT05A230T3 is a single silicon surge protector with 2 terminals, max breakdown voltage of 265V, and trigger device type as thyristor. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C and is surface mountable. Ideal for UL recognized applications requiring protection against voltage surges.
Median Price
$0.251
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
6
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Rochester
1+ parts
-
100+ parts
1k+ parts
$0.208
10k+ parts
$0.186
DigiKey
$0.310
Verical
$0.232
Digiode
$0.196
Chip Stock
Vyrian
Corphita
$0.185
Corohmni
$0.206
AZTECH Wire
$12.550
Kepictronics
Continental Prestige Electronics
$0.197
Kulean Microsystems
SupplyDigital Components
Problanco Electronics
TANS Electronics
UHIMA Technologies
Plastic/Epoxy material provides durability and protection for the internal components of the surge protector.
Single configuration simplifies installation and maintenance of the surge protector.
Surface mount capability allows for easy and efficient installation on PCBs.
Rectangular shape enables space-saving and efficient placement on circuit boards.
C bend terminal form ensures secure and reliable connection to the circuit.
Having 2 terminals simplifies the wiring and connection process for the surge protector.
Small outline package style saves space and allows for compact integration into electronic devices.
High maximum DC off-state voltage provides effective protection against power surges.
High maximum operating temperature ensures reliable performance even in harsh environmental conditions.
Thyristor surge protector offers efficient and effective protection against voltage spikes.
Low minimum operating temperature allows the surge protector to function in a wide range of temperature conditions.
Tin/Lead terminal finish ensures good conductivity and corrosion resistance for the surge protector.
Dual terminal position provides flexibility in installation and connection options.
High maximum breakdown voltage enhances the surge protector's ability to handle power surges.
Short maximum time at peak reflow temperature helps in preventing damage to the surge protector during soldering process.
High peak reflow temperature tolerance ensures the surge protector can withstand reflow soldering without issues.
UL recognized standard ensures the surge protector meets safety and quality requirements for electrical products.
Silicon Surge Protectors MMT05A230T3 attributes and parameters. Explore more Silicon Surge Protectors devices from Onsemi
Maximum Breakdown Voltage:
Configuration:
Maximum DC Off-state Voltage:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Elements:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Qualification:
Reference Standard:
Sub-Category:
Surface Mount:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Trigger Device Type:
MMT05A230T3 Triggering Devices trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8541.30.00.80
SB
PCN Obsolescence/ EOL - Multiple Devices 12/Apr/2006
Established in 1999, Onsemi is a leading global provider of power and image-sensing technologies. They are dedicated to building a better future for the automotive, industrial, cloud, medical, and IoT markets. Onsemi's core technologies include analog, digital, and mixed-signal products that offer innovative solutions for advanced automotive systems; highly reliable power management products for industrial applications; low-cost imaging solutions for medical equipment and consumer electronics; and robust communication architectures for the Internet of Things (IoT).
President, CEO
Hassane El-Khoury
Executive VP, CFO, Treasurer
Thad Trent
Senior VP
Ross F. Jatou
Aizu Fab
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1995
Japan
Aizu Wakamatsu
Wafer Capacity
52,000
Si/EPI Fab
2018
Czech Republic
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm
10,000
Expansion Phase 1 for SiC / EPI
2019
14,500
Expansion Phase 2 for SiC / EPI
2024
SiC Fab
2022
USA
Hudson
Bucheon
2013
South Korea
61,000
ISMF - Malaysia
1990
Malaysia
Seremban
95,000
Roznov Device Fab
1987
80,000
Fab 10
2002
East Fishkill
15,000
Burlington
1986
Canada
Gresham
1998
45,000
Bucheon 150mm
2000
50,000
1983
Nampa
Pennsylvania
1997
Mountain Top
36,000
2N2222A
Vishay Sprague
NPN; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-18; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 40 V;
BAV99
Philips Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Output Current: .1 A; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us;
FDN5618P
Fairchild Semiconductor
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1;
2N7002
Sipex
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 240; Terminal Finish: TIN LEAD;
SMBJ18CA
Micro Commercial Components
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358N
National Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Raytheon Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE): 100; Maximum Turn On Time (ton): 35 ns;
SS14
Dc Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MMBT3904-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
Diodes Inc. MMBT3904-7-F is a NPN BJT transistor for switching applications. Features include VCEsat of 0.3V, hFE of 30, and IC of 0.2A. With a max operating temp of 150°C, it's ideal for small outline SMT designs in automotive electronics.
EPCS4SI8N
Intel
EPCS4SI8N by Intel is a small outline flash memory with 512Kx8 organization, operating at 3.3V. It features a max clock frequency of 40MHz and endurance of 100k write/erase cycles. Ideal for industrial applications requiring configuration memory with serial interface and low standby current consumption.
BSS123LT1G
Onsemi
BSS123LT1G by Onsemi is a N-CHANNEL FET with 100V DS breakdown voltage, 0.17A drain current, and 6 ohm on resistance. Ideal for switching applications, it operates in enhancement mode with a max power dissipation of 0.225W. It comes in a small outline package with gull wing terminals and can withstand temperatures from -55 to 150°C.
LM358AN
Samsung
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
1N4148WS
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NC7WZ17P6X
The Onsemi NC7WZ17P6X is a logic gate with 2 functions, featuring a propagation delay of 13.1 ns at 1.8V supply voltage. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C and has a max power supply current of 100mA. With Schmitt Trigger technology and small outline packaging, it suits compact electronic designs requiring fast signal processing.
Shanghai Lunsure Electronic Technology
Db Lectro
Silicon Transistor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
TISP3240F3DR
Texas Instruments
TISP3240F3DR by Texas Instruments is a Silicon Surge Protector with 4A Non Repetitive Peak On-state Current, 180V Max DC Off-state Voltage, and 240V Max Breakdown Voltage. It is used for surge protection in various electronic applications due to its THYRISTOR technology and UL recognition.
NP0900SCT3G
NP0900SCT3G by Onsemi is a single silicon surge protector with a max DC off-state voltage of 75V and trigger device type as thyristor. It has a max operating temperature of 150 °C and is ideal for applications requiring UL recognized surge protection in small outline packages.
TISP4400M3LMR
TISP4400M3LMR by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with 32A non-repetitive peak on-state current. It operates b/w -40°C to 150°C, has a max breakdown voltage of 400V, and is UL recognized. Ideal for protecting electronic devices from power surges in various applications.
TISP4300H3LMR
TISP4300H3LMR by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with 60A peak current, 230V off-state voltage, and 300V breakdown voltage. It is a thyristor surge protector used for protecting electronic circuits from voltage spikes in applications such as power supplies and telecommunications equipment.
TISP4180M3LMFR
TISP4180M3LMFR by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with a non-repetitive peak on-state current of 32A. It operates b/w -40°C to 150°C, featuring a max breakdown voltage of 180V. Ideal for applications requiring reliable overvoltage protection such as telecommunications and industrial equipment.
TPA100
STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics' TPA100 is a single silicon surge protector with 16A non-repetitive peak current and 100V repetitive peak reverse voltage. It is used for surge protection in applications requiring isolated case connection, with an operating temperature range of -55 to 150 °C.
TISP3180F3D
TISP3180F3D by Texas Instruments is a Silicon Surge Protector with 4A Non Repetitive Peak On-state Current. It features SERIES CONNECTED, CENTER TAP configuration and 180V Max Breakdown Voltage. Ideal for protecting electronic devices from voltage surges in various applications.
TISP4395H3BJR
TISP4395H3BJR by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with 60A non-repetitive peak on-state current. It has a max breakdown voltage of 395V and operates b/w -40°C to 150°C. Ideal for protecting electronic devices from power surges in various applications.
P1500SD
Yageo
Yageo's P1500SD is a single silicon surge protector with 140V repetitive peak reverse voltage and 50A non-repetitive peak on-state current. Ideal for surface mount applications, it features a plastic/epoxy package body and operates b/w -40°C to 85°C.
TISP3260F3P
TISP3260F3P by Texas Instruments is a Silicon Surge Protector with 6A Non Repetitive Peak On-state Current and 200V Max DC Off-state Voltage. It features SERIES CONNECTED, CENTER TAP configuration for surge protection applications. The device has 2 elements in RECTANGULAR package style suitable for UL RECOGNIZED standards.
TISP4220M3BJ
TISP4220M3BJ by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with 32A peak current, 160V DC voltage, and 150°C max temp. Ideal for protecting circuits from surges in applications like power supplies and telecommunications due to its thyristor surge protection design.
TISP4290F3LM
TISP4290F3LM by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with 4A non-repetitive peak on-state current. It has a max breakdown voltage of 290V and operates b/w -40°C to 150°C. Ideal for protecting electronic devices from voltage surges in various applications.
TISP3125F3SL
TISP3125F3SL by Texas Instruments is a silicon surge protector with 6A non-repetitive peak on-state current. It features a series connected, center tap configuration and has a max DC off-state voltage of 100V. Ideal for protecting electronic devices from power surges in various applications.
TISP7290F3D
TISP7290F3D by Texas Instruments is a silicon surge protector with 4.3A non-repetitive peak on-state current, 220V max DC off-state voltage, and 290V max breakdown voltage. It is used for surge protection in various applications due to its thyristor surge protector trigger device type and UL recognized reference standard.
TISP4070M3LM
TISP4070M3LM by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with 32A peak current. It operates b/w -40°C to 150°C, featuring a breakdown voltage of 70V. Ideal for UL-recognized applications requiring thyristor surge protection in through-hole configurations.
SMTPA130
SMTPA130 by STMicroelectronics is a single silicon surge protector with 16A non-repetitive peak on-state current. It has a max operating temperature of 150 °C and is surface mountable. Ideal for applications requiring protection against voltage surges in electronic circuits.
P3500SCMCLRP
Littelfuse
P3500SCMCLRP by Littelfuse is a silicon surge protector with a non-repetitive peak on-state current of 30A. It features a max DC off-state voltage of 320V and trigger device type as thyristor, suitable for protecting electronic devices from power surges. This surface-mount device has a small outline package style and operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 150°C.
TISP4260H3LMFR
TISP4260H3LMFR by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with 60A peak current, 200V DC voltage, and 150°C max temp. Ideal for protecting circuits from surges in applications requiring reliable overvoltage protection.
NP2600SA1T3G
NP2600SA1T3G by Onsemi is a single silicon surge protector with a max breakdown voltage of 300V. It features a trigger device type of THYRISTOR and can operate in temperatures ranging from -40 °C to 125°C. Ideal for applications requiring UL recognized surge protection in compact form factors.
TISP4240F3SL
TISP4240F3SL by Texas Instruments is a single silicon surge protector with 6A peak current, 180V DC voltage, and 150°C max temp. Ideal for protecting circuits from surges in various applications due to its UL recognized standards and through-hole terminal form.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
MMT08B260T3
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Non Repetitive Peak On-state Current: 32 A;
MMT05B260T3
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Qualification: Not Qualified;
MMT05A310T3
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Breakdown Voltage: 365 V;
MMT08B064T3
MMT05B310T3
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; JESD-609 Code: e0;
MMT05B230T3
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
MMT08B260T3G
MMT05A230T3G
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MMT05B260T3G
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30;
MMT05A310T3G
MMT05B350T3G
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; JESD-609 Code: e3;
MMT05B310T3G
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; JEDEC-95 Code: DO-214AA;
MMT05B064T3G
MMT08B064T3G
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum DC Off-state Voltage: 58 V;
MMT05A260T3G
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
MMT05B230T3G
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
MMT05A260T3
MMT05B064T3
THYRISTOR SURGE PROTECTOR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: DUAL; Configuration: SINGLE; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-C2;
MMT05B350T3
Motorola
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved