Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
CD4048BF by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic IC with 16 terminals. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C and supports supply voltages from 3V to 18V. With 3-STATE output characteristics, it is commonly used in military-grade applications requiring reliable performance in harsh environments.
Median Price
$1.490
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
11
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Rochester
1+ parts
-
100+ parts
1k+ parts
$1.240
10k+ parts
$1.100
Digiode
$1.159
Forefront Electronics and Design
$6.130
Vyrian
LWI Electronics Inc
ECAB
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
Holdelec - ElecDif-Pro
Electronic Expediters
GES GmbH
Euro-Tech
Native Components
$0.081
$0.078
Northwest PG Solutions
$0.089
$0.079
Corphita
$1.098
Parana Technologies
$27.733
$39.358
DigiPath Technology Company
$30.538
$28.095
ChromeModa Solutions
$31.161
$25.552
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$29.603
$28.045
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Supply Digital
Assy Fe
Kepictronics
The use of ceramic and glass-sealed material ensures durability and reliability, making this product suitable for harsh operating environments.
The 5V nominal supply voltage provides a stable power source for the logic IC, ensuring consistent performance.
With a maximum operating temperature of 125°C, this product is capable of functioning in high-temperature conditions.
The CMOS technology used in this product offers low power consumption and high noise immunity, making it energy-efficient and reliable.
Being a military-grade component, this logic IC is designed to meet stringent quality and performance standards, ensuring its reliability in mission-critical applications.
Other Function Logic ICs CD4048BF attributes and parameters. Explore more Other Function Logic ICs devices from Texas Instruments
Additional Features:
Family:
JESD-30 Code:
Length:
Logic IC Type:
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Output Characteristics:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width:
CD4048BF Logic ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
NSN
5962-01-298-0056, 5962012980056
NIIN
012980056
Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is one of the world's leading semiconductor companies and a global leader in analog and digital signal processing technology. The company has had a major impact on the electronics industry for over 80 years, manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs), software and subsystems that leverage high-performance computing capabilities. It offers an extensive portfolio of solutions for a wide range of industries, from aerospace to medical devices and consumer products to communication systems. Over its long history, TI has become synonymous with quality, reliability and innovation. Today, TI is one of the largest semiconductor companies in the world with operations in more than 30 countries across six continents.
President, CEO
Haviv Ilan
Chairman
Richard K. Templeton
Senior VP, CFO
Rafael R. Lizardi
M - Fab
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1997
USA
South Portland
Wafer Capacity
32,000
D - FAB
1966
Dallas
42,000
D MOS - 6
2002
25,000
D MOS - 5
1995
75,000
Miho - 8
1980
Japan
Inashiki
43,000
S FAB 1
Sherman
91,000
F - FAB
2001
Germany
Freising
37,000
R Fab 1
2010
Richardson
40,000
D HC Line
1999
2,000
JV3
Aizu Wakamatsu
45,000
C - FAB
2007
China
Chengdu
30,000
L - Fab
2015
Lehi
70,000
R - Fab 2
2022
S - FAB 2
2025
S - FAB 3
2028
2N2222A
Raytheon Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE): 100; Maximum Turn On Time (ton): 35 ns;
FDLL4148
Onsemi
FDLL4148 by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us. With a max forward voltage of 1V and output current of 0.2A, it is ideal for applications requiring fast switching speeds in electronic circuits. The diode's glass package body material and isolated case connection make it suitable for surface mount designs operating at temperatures up to 175°C.
ULN2803ADWG4
Texas Instruments
ULN2803ADWG4 by Texas Instruments is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, open-collector output characteristics, and built-in transient protections. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C and has a max supply voltage of 3V. Ideal for applications requiring sink current flow direction in a small outline package style.
M24308/2-1F
Tyco Electronics Amp
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; IEC Conformity: NO; Mixed Contacts: NO; Empty Shell: NO;
LM107H
Rochester Electronics
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TO-99; Package Shape: ROUND;
DS18B20
Dallas Semiconductor
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape or Style: ROUND; Housing: PLASTIC; Output Interface Type: 1-WIRE INTERFACE;
ROHM
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
M39029/56-351
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's M39029/56-351 is a CRIMP contact type backshell accessory with rated voltage of 115V. It operates b/w -65 to 175 °C, suitable for MIL-C-39029/56 connectors with wire gauge ranging from 28 to 22 AWG. Ideal for military applications requiring female contacts and copper alloy material.
LL4148
Formosa Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
IRLML6402TRPBF
Infineon Technologies
IRLML6402TRPBF by Infineon is a P-CHANNEL FET for SWITCHING applications. It features a 20V DS Breakdown Voltage, 22A IDM, and 0.065 ohm RDS(on). With a small outline package and matte tin finish, it operates in temperatures from -55 to 150 °C.
Adi Electronics
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; MIL Conformity: YES; Filter Feature: NO; Mating Info.: MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE;
Transys Electronics
BSS84-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
Diodes Inc. BSS84-7-F is a P-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, 0.13A max drain current, and 10 ohm RDS(on). Ideal for switching applications, it features a single configuration with built-in diode in a small outline package. Operating in enhancement mode at up to 150°C, it has Gull Wing terminals and matte tin finish.
LL4148GS08
Temic Semiconductors
LL4148GS08 by Temic Semiconductors is a glass diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.008 us and max forward voltage of 1 V. It is a rectifier diode with a max output current of 0.15 A, ideal for applications requiring fast switching speeds and low power dissipation in electronic circuits.
DS18B20+
Maxim Integrated
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Current: 1.5 mA; Package Equivalence Code: SIP3,.1,50;
LM317T
Comset Semiconductors
Other Regulators; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Pitch: 2.54 mm; Minimum Output Voltage-1: 1.2 V; Technology: BIPOLAR; Operating Temperature (TJ-Max): 125 Cel;
FDD5614P
Fairchild Semiconductor
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 42 W; Terminal Position: SINGLE; Terminal Form: GULL WING;
1N4148
Shandong Yiguang Electronic Joint Stock
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
SMBJ18CA
Leshan Radio
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138
Sipex
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 240;
SN75ALS160J
Other Logic ICs;
SN74AUP1G99DCTRE4
SN74AUP1G99DCTRE4 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic IC with 36.1ns propagation delay, 30pF load capacitance, and 1.7A max I (ol). It is ideal for industrial applications requiring a small outline package with Schmitt Trigger functionality and 3-state output characteristics.
THCT2000MFK
THCT2000MFK by Texas Instruments is a MILITARY-grade logic IC with 28 terminals in a SQUARE CHIP CARRIER package. Operating temperature range from -55 to 125 °C, suitable for harsh environments. Ideal for applications requiring high reliability and performance in extreme conditions.
SN74LS275J-00
SN74LS275J-00 by Texas Instruments is a TTL logic IC with 16 terminals, operating b/w 0°C to 70°C. It features a 3-STATE output and requires a supply voltage of 4.75V to 5.25V. This ceramic, glass-sealed package is commonly used in commercial applications for its reliable performance and dual terminal design.
SN74LVC1G98YEAR
SN74LVC1G98YEAR by Texas Instruments features a propagation delay of 6.3ns, operating at a supply voltage of 1.8V and supporting load capacitance of 50pF. With a max I (ol) of 24A, it is ideal for industrial applications requiring CMOS technology and Schmitt Trigger functionality in compact designs.
74AUP1T58GW,125
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' 74AUP1T58GW,125 is a CMOS Schmitt Trigger IC with 9.4ns propagation delay at 3V supply voltage. It has a load capacitance of 30pF and can handle up to 4A current. Ideal for automotive applications due to its wide operating temperature range (-40°C to 125°C) and small form factor (2mm x 1.25mm).
SN75430JP4
SN75430JP4 by Texas Instruments is a 14-terminal IC with ceramic package, operating b/w 0-70°C. It features bipolar technology, dual terminal position, and through-hole form. Ideal for various applications in commercial-grade electronics requiring reliable logic functions.
SN74LVC1G58YEPR
SN74LVC1G58YEPR by Texas Instruments features a propagation delay of 6.3ns, operates at a nominal voltage of 1.8V, and has a max I (ol) of 24A. This CMOS technology IC with Schmitt Trigger is ideal for industrial applications requiring a compact design and low power consumption.
THCT12024NL
THCT12024NL by Texas Instruments is a 24-terminal logic IC with 5V supply voltage. It operates b/w 0-70°C, drawing a max of 10mA current. Ideal for commercial applications requiring through-hole mounting in an inline package style.
SN74AUP1G98DBVTG4
SN74AUP1G98DBVTG4 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic IC with 26.8ns propagation delay, 30pF load capacitance, and 1.7A max I (ol). It operates at a supply voltage of 1.2V/3.3V and is ideal for industrial applications requiring Schmitt Trigger functionality in a small outline package.
SN74LVC1G57YEPR
SN74LVC1G57YEPR by Texas Instruments features a propagation delay of 6.3ns, operates at a nominal voltage of 1.8V, and has a max I (ol) of 24A. This CMOS technology IC with Schmitt Trigger is ideal for industrial applications requiring fast response times in compact designs.
NBSG86AMNR2
NBSG86AMNR2 by Onsemi is a high-speed logic IC with a propagation delay of 0.22 ns, suitable for industrial applications. It operates at a nominal voltage of 2.5V and has a max power supply current of 39mA. This surface-mount chip carrier package features ECL technology and can withstand temperatures from -40 to 85 °C.
SN74TVC3010DGVRG4
SN74TVC3010DGVRG4 by Texas Instruments is a MOS technology IC with 24 terminals, operating b/w -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 0.6V to 5V and features TRUE output polarity. This small outline IC is ideal for industrial applications requiring high-temperature operation in compact spaces.
NC7SV58L6X
The Onsemi NC7SV58L6X is a CMOS logic IC with 31ns propagation delay, operating at 1.1V. It features Schmitt Trigger and supports supply voltages of 1.2V to 3.3V, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring fast response times in compact designs.
SNJ54LS324J-00
SNJ54LS324J-00 by Texas Instruments is a TTL logic IC with 14 terminals, operating b/w -55°C to 125°C. It has a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 5.5V and is MILITARY grade suitable for various applications requiring Other Function Logic ICs in CERAMIC package material.
MC14490FR1
MC14490FR1 by Onsemi is a 6-function logic IC with 4 bits, operating at 5V. It has a propagation delay of 740ns and can withstand temperatures from -55 to 125 °C. Ideal for military applications due to its CMOS technology and small outline package style.
CD74HC4538M
General Electric Solid State
SSTVF16859BS
Philips Semiconductors
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 56; Package Code: QCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
SN74TVC16222ADLG4
SN74TVC16222ADLG4 by Texas Instruments is a 48-terminal logic IC with a supply voltage range of 0.6V to 5V, suitable for industrial applications. It operates b/w -40°C to 85°C and features true output polarity. The package style is small outline, shrink pitch, making it ideal for surface mount assembly in various electronic devices.
CD4048BMT
CD4048BMT by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic IC with 16 terminals, operating at temperatures from -55 to 125°C. It has a propagation delay of 600ns at 5V supply voltage and supports a load capacitance of 50pF. This small outline package is ideal for military-grade applications requiring three-state output characteristics.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
UCC27284DRCR
UCC27284DRCR by Texas Instruments is a MOSFET gate driver with 2 channels, capable of handling a max output current of 3.5A. It operates in automotive-grade temperatures (-40 to 125°C) and has a turn-on/off time of 30µs. This chip carrier package with very thin profile is suitable for high side driver applications requiring fast switching speeds.
LMR43610MSC3RPERQ1
LMR43610MSC3RPERQ1 by Texas Instruments is a 9-terminal switching regulator with a max output voltage of 32V and max output current of 1A. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 150°C, featuring a buck switcher config and PWM control mode at up to 2200kHz frequency.
DRV8316RRGFR
DRV8316RRGFR by Texas Instruments is a motion control IC with a rectangular package and a terminal form of gull wing. It has a max output current of 8A and can operate at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C. This IC is commonly used as a brushless DC motor controller in automotive applications.
TPS7A4301DGQR
TPS7A4301DGQR by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output LDO regulator with a max output voltage of 14.5V and a dropout voltage of 0.6V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact spaces.
DRV3255EPAPRQ1
DRV3255EPAPRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a Motion Control IC with 64 terminals, operating at -40 to 150°C. It is an AEC-Q100 compliant automotive-grade IC for Brushless DC Motor control, supporting supply voltages from 5V to 90V and output currents up to 3.5A. The package style includes a flatpack with heat sink/slug, suitable for surface mount applications in automotive systems.
CC2662R1FTWRGZRQ1
CC2662R1FTWRGZRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a 32-bit microcontroller with Cortex-M4F CPU, 48 MHz clock frequency, and 81920 bytes of RAM. Ideal for industrial applications, it features 8 ADC channels, 32 DMA channels, and peripherals like AES and PWM for efficient system integration.
DS160PT801ACBR
DS160PT801ACBR by Texas Instruments is a bus controller IC with 339 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It supports PCI bus compatibility with a data transfer rate of 2000 MBps. This CMOS technology device has a thin profile and fine pitch package suitable for industrial applications.
CD4094BE
Thomson Consumer Electronics
CD40194BE
CD4007UBE
CD4021BE
CD4015BE
Other Logic ICs; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
CD4047AK
CD4047BK
CD40147BE
CD40110BE
CD4026BE
CD4047BD
CD4098BK
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved