Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
LM6125H by Texas Instruments is a BUFFER amplifier with 50 MHz bandwidth, 7 uA bias current, and 50 V/us slow rate. Ideal for military applications due to its -55 to 125 °C operating temperature range and metal package body material.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
4
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Digiode
Anansix
LWI Electronics Inc
One Stop Electronics
$1.410
Parana Technologies
$5.822
$6.611
DigiPath Technology Company
$6.411
$5.898
ChromeModa Solutions
$6.542
$5.364
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$5.888
AZTECH Wire
$7.114
Corphita
The metal package body provides excellent durability and protection for the internal components, making this buffer amplifier suitable for harsh industrial environments.
With a high maximum input offset voltage, this buffer amplifier can effectively minimize errors and maintain accuracy in signal processing applications.
The low maximum average bias current ensures minimal power consumption and heat generation, making this buffer amplifier energy-efficient and reliable.
The round package shape allows for easy integration into various systems and circuit designs, offering flexibility and convenience during installation.
With 8 terminals, this buffer amplifier provides ample connectivity options for interfacing with other components and peripherals, enhancing versatility in different applications.
The cylindrical package style promotes efficient heat dissipation and space-saving benefits, contributing to the overall performance and reliability of this buffer amplifier.
The high maximum supply voltage limit allows for compatibility with a wide range of power sources, ensuring reliable operation and performance in diverse voltage conditions.
The high maximum operating temperature tolerance enables this buffer amplifier to withstand extreme heat environments, expanding its application range in temperature-sensitive industries.
The low minimum operating temperature capability ensures reliable performance even in cold conditions, providing versatility for use in various climates and environments.
The bottom terminal position simplifies installation and maintenance processes, allowing for easy access and connectivity to other system components for seamless integration.
With a high nominal bandwidth, this buffer amplifier can effectively handle high-frequency signals with minimal distortion, ensuring accurate and reliable signal processing capabilities.
Designed to meet military-grade specifications, this buffer amplifier offers superior durability, reliability, and performance in rugged and demanding operational conditions.
The high maximum negative supply voltage limit allows for bi-polar power configurations, enhancing flexibility and compatibility with different power supply setups.
With wire terminal form, this buffer amplifier can facilitate easy connections and wiring, ensuring secure and reliable electrical connections for efficient signal transmission.
As a buffer amplifier, this product provides impedance matching and signal isolation capabilities, making it a versatile and essential component in signal processing and distribution systems.
The high nominal slow rate allows for fast signal response and processing, making this buffer amplifier suitable for high-speed applications requiring quick signal amplification and transmission.
Buffer Amplifiers LM6125H attributes and parameters. Explore more Buffer Amplifiers devices from Texas Instruments
Amplifier Type:
Total Functions:
Sub-Category:
Nominal Bandwidth (3dB):
Nominal Slew Rate:
Input Offset Voltage Limit:
Peak Bias Current:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Maximum Negative Supply Voltage:
Lowest Operating Temperature:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Total Terminals:
Terminal Position:
Terminal Style:
Package Body Material:
Surface Mount:
Temperature Grade:
JESD-30 Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style:
LM6125H Amplifiers trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.33.00.01
SB
8542.33.00.00
NSN
5962-01-414-6097, 5962014146097
NIIN
014146097
Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is one of the world's leading semiconductor companies and a global leader in analog and digital signal processing technology. The company has had a major impact on the electronics industry for over 80 years, manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs), software and subsystems that leverage high-performance computing capabilities. It offers an extensive portfolio of solutions for a wide range of industries, from aerospace to medical devices and consumer products to communication systems. Over its long history, TI has become synonymous with quality, reliability and innovation. Today, TI is one of the largest semiconductor companies in the world with operations in more than 30 countries across six continents.
President, CEO
Haviv Ilan
Chairman
Richard K. Templeton
Senior VP, CFO
Rafael R. Lizardi
M - Fab
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1997
USA
South Portland
Wafer Capacity
32,000
D - FAB
1966
Dallas
42,000
D MOS - 6
2002
25,000
D MOS - 5
1995
75,000
Miho - 8
1980
Japan
Inashiki
43,000
S FAB 1
Sherman
91,000
F - FAB
2001
Germany
Freising
37,000
R Fab 1
2010
Richardson
40,000
D HC Line
1999
2,000
JV3
Aizu Wakamatsu
45,000
C - FAB
2007
China
Chengdu
30,000
L - Fab
2015
Lehi
70,000
R - Fab 2
2022
S - FAB 2
2025
S - FAB 3
2028
BAV99
Nexperia
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Leshan Radio
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
Surge Components
Renesas Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
Sprague Electric
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1.3 V; Maximum Output Current: .1 A; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Operating Temperature: 175 Cel;
1N4148WS
Vishay Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LL4148
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM2931Z-5.0G
Onsemi
LM2931Z-5.0G by Onsemi is a Fixed Positive Single Output LDO Regulator with 5V output voltage, 0.6V dropout voltage, and 0.1A output current. It is ideal for applications requiring stable power supply in temperature-sensitive environments due to its operating range of -40°C to 125°C.
2N2222A
Taitron Components
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
Vishay Telefunken
SMBJ18CA
Alpha & Omega Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N7002
National Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Terminal Position: DUAL;
FDLL4148
FDLL4148 by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us. With a max forward voltage of 1V and output current of 0.2A, it is ideal for applications requiring fast switching speeds in electronic circuits. The diode's glass package body material and isolated case connection make it suitable for surface mount designs operating at temperatures up to 175°C.
NXP Semiconductors
LM555CN
Rochester Electronics
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; No. of Functions: 1;
Weitronic Enterprise
Changzhou Starsea Electronics
Bytesonic Electronics
ABS07-32.768KHZ-T
Abracon
Abracon ABS07-32.768KHZ-T crystal oscillator offers 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 144% stability, and 70000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring 0.032768 MHz frequency precision in a compact surface-mount design with gold over nickel finish.
CLC453AJE
Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments CLC453AJE is a buffer amplifier with 70 MHz bandwidth, 300 V/us slew rate, and 25 uA bias current. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed signal buffering in environments with operating temperatures ranging from -40 to 85 °C.
LT1010CDD#PBF
Linear Technology
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: OTHER; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HVSON; Package Shape: SQUARE;
HOS-100SHB
Analog Devices
HOS-100SHB by Analog Devices is a MILITARY-grade BUFFER Amplifier with 125 MHz bandwidth, 25000 uV max input offset voltage, and 1000 V/us min slew rate. Ideal for applications requiring high precision in extreme environments due to its MIL-STD-883 Class B screening level and wide temperature range (-55 to 125 °C).
LMH6739MQX/NOPB
LMH6739MQX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a buffer amplifier with 750 MHz bandwidth, 2500 uV input offset voltage, and 50 dB common mode reject ratio. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed signal buffering in a compact package with surface mount capabilities.
MAX468C/D
Maxim Integrated
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; Package Code: DIE; Package Shape: UNSPECIFIED; Nominal Bandwidth (3dB): 100 MHz;
ADCLK925BCPZ-R2
ADCLK925BCPZ-R2 by Analog Devices is a buffer amplifier with 16 terminals, operating at a nominal voltage of 3.3V and max supply voltage of 6V. It has a compact square package style suitable for automotive applications, with an operating temperature range from -40 to 125°C. This surface-mount chip carrier is designed for high reliability in harsh environments.
MAX4201EUK+
MAX4201EUK+ by Analog Devices is a BUFFER amplifier with 780 MHz bandwidth, 15000 uV input offset voltage, and 4 mA supply current. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed signal buffering in compact designs. Package: PLASTIC/EPOXY, Surface Mount, 5 terminals.
LT6554CGN
LT6554CGN by Analog Devices is a 3-function buffer amplifier with a bandwidth of 650 MHz. It operates b/w 0-70 °C, has a supply voltage of ±5V, and comes in a small outline package. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed signal buffering in commercial-grade environments.
HFA1112IB
Intersil
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ADA4800ACPZ-R2
ADA4800ACPZ-R2 by Analog Devices is a buffer amplifier with 400 MHz bandwidth, 41000 uV max input offset voltage, and 1.8 mA max supply current. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed signal buffering in compact spaces due to its small outline package and low power consumption.
MAX4206ETE+T
MAX4206ETE+T by Analog Devices is a Buffer Amplifier with 5000uV Max Input Offset Voltage, 0.001uA Max Average Bias Current, and 5V Nominal Voltage. Ideal for industrial applications requiring a low-power buffer amplifier in a compact square package.
MAX4278EUA+T
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
TL32088NS
TL32088NS by Texas Instruments is a buffer amplifier with 2 functions, operating at 5V. It features a small outline package style and Gull Wing terminal form. Ideal for commercial applications requiring a bipolar technology buffer with a slow rate of 3 V/us.
MAX4203EUA+
MAX4203EUA+ by Analog Devices is a dual-function buffer amplifier with 530 MHz bandwidth, 15000 uV input offset voltage, and 10 uA bias current. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise signal buffering in a compact package with -40 to 85 °C operating range.
HA2-5002/883
Harris Semiconductor
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel;
AD8570ACP-R2
AD8570ACP-R2 by Analog Devices is a Buffer Amplifier with 10000uV Max Input Offset Voltage, 0.8uA Max Average Bias Current, and 6MHz Nominal Bandwidth. Ideal for industrial applications requiring low bias current and high bandwidth in a compact chip carrier package.
OPA2682N/2K5
OPA2682N/2K5 by Texas Instruments is a dual-buffer amplifier with a 330 MHz bandwidth, 1200 V/us slew rate, and 7500 uV max input offset voltage. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed signal buffering in a compact small outline package.
MAX4200EUK-T
MAX4200EUK-T by Maxim Integrated is a BUFFER amplifier with 660 MHz bandwidth, 15000 uV input offset voltage, and 10 uA bias current. Ideal for industrial applications requiring a small outline package with dual terminals and low profile design.
MAX4219ESD+
MAX4219ESD+ by Analog Devices is a Buffer Amplifier with 200 MHz bandwidth, 12V max supply voltage, and 10000uV input offset voltage. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed signal buffering in compact designs.
MAX4219EEE
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
DS160PT801ACBR
DS160PT801ACBR by Texas Instruments is a bus controller IC with 339 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It supports PCI bus compatibility with a data transfer rate of 2000 MBps. This CMOS technology device has a thin profile and fine pitch package suitable for industrial applications.
TPS7A4301DGQR
TPS7A4301DGQR by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output LDO regulator with a max output voltage of 14.5V and a dropout voltage of 0.6V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact spaces.
DRV8316RRGFR
DRV8316RRGFR by Texas Instruments is a motion control IC with a rectangular package and a terminal form of gull wing. It has a max output current of 8A and can operate at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C. This IC is commonly used as a brushless DC motor controller in automotive applications.
UCC27284DRCR
UCC27284DRCR by Texas Instruments is a MOSFET gate driver with 2 channels, capable of handling a max output current of 3.5A. It operates in automotive-grade temperatures (-40 to 125°C) and has a turn-on/off time of 30µs. This chip carrier package with very thin profile is suitable for high side driver applications requiring fast switching speeds.
DRV3255EPAPRQ1
DRV3255EPAPRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a Motion Control IC with 64 terminals, operating at -40 to 150°C. It is an AEC-Q100 compliant automotive-grade IC for Brushless DC Motor control, supporting supply voltages from 5V to 90V and output currents up to 3.5A. The package style includes a flatpack with heat sink/slug, suitable for surface mount applications in automotive systems.
CC2662R1FTWRGZRQ1
CC2662R1FTWRGZRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a 32-bit microcontroller with Cortex-M4F CPU, 48 MHz clock frequency, and 81920 bytes of RAM. Ideal for industrial applications, it features 8 ADC channels, 32 DMA channels, and peripherals like AES and PWM for efficient system integration.
LMR43610MSC3RPERQ1
LMR43610MSC3RPERQ1 by Texas Instruments is a 9-terminal switching regulator with a max output voltage of 32V and max output current of 1A. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 150°C, featuring a buck switcher config and PWM control mode at up to 2200kHz frequency.
LM6121H/883
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Nominal Slow Rate: 800 V/us;
LM6121J/883
BUFFER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Nominal Negative Supply Voltage (Vsup): -15 V;
LM6125H/883
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; No. of Functions: 1;
LM6125H/883B
LM6121H
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TO-99; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM6125H
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Maximum Supply Voltage Limit: 18 V;
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Nominal Bandwidth (3dB): 50 MHz;
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Power Supplies (V): +-15;
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved