Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
TJF1052IT/2Y by NXP Semiconductors is an Ethernet transceiver with 16 terminals and a small outline package style. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 105 °C) and has a nominal voltage of 5V. This network interface IC is suitable for telecom applications.
Median Price
$5.060
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
17
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Chip1Stop
1+ parts
$3.240
100+ parts
-
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Arrow
Verical
Mouser Electronics
$6.280
$4.050
$3.700
$3.600
Farnell
$6.338
$4.738
$4.131
DigiKey
$6.370
$4.110
$3.964
Element14
$6.633
$4.958
$4.318
Newark
$3.410
$3.090
$3.020
Rochester
$2.900
$2.730
Digiode
$2.869
Nova Conductors
$4.221
Maritex
$10.007
$5.900
$4.552
Anansix
Vyrian
IBS Electronics
$4.568
$4.315
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
Flip Electronics
Corphita
$2.718
Component Stockers USA
$3.950
$3.370
$3.260
Argo Parts USA
Netroflash
$4.136
Corohmni
$4.516
Advanced Electronics
$4.651
$4.419
Continental Prestige Electronics
$6.160
$4.130
Semicontronic
$6.270
$6.113
$6.082
Ampacity Inc.
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$16.080
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Lixinc
UNI Independent Distributors
Perfect Parts
Cyclops Electronics Ltd (Excess)
Futuretech Components
Robosynatics
Lucentia Tech
The plastic/epoxy material used for the package body provides durability and protection for the internal components of the network interface.
Being surface mountable makes installation and integration of this network interface easy and efficient.
The high maximum operating temperature ensures reliable performance even in demanding industrial environments.
The 5V nominal supply voltage is commonly available and compatible with standard power sources, making this network interface easy to power.
With MSL 3, this network interface can withstand moderate exposure to moisture during handling and assembly.
Network Interfaces TJF1052IT/2Y attributes and parameters. Explore more Network Interfaces devices from NXP Semiconductors
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Maximum Seated Height:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Telecom IC Type:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Width:
TJF1052IT/2Y Telecommunications trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
PCN Packaging - Mult Dev Pkg Seal 15/Dec/2020 All Dev Label Update 15/Dec/2020
NXP is a leading semiconductor company that creates cutting-edge technology to power secure connections in a smarter world. Founded in 2006, they have grown to become one of the top five global semiconductor companies and serve their customers in over 70 countries around the world.
Executive Director, President, CEO
Kurt Sievers
Executive VP, CFO
Bill Betz
Executive VP, Chief Sales Officer
Ron Martino
ICN8
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1996
Netherlands
Nijmegen
Wafer Capacity
55,000
ATMC (Austin Tech & Mfg Center)
1995
USA
Austin
30,000
N/A
1989
Germany
Boeblingen
CHD
1993
Chandler
OHTC
1991
24,000
New Expansion Fab
2026
ECHO
2020
10,000
LM358AN
Onsemi
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM317T
Texas Instruments
LM317T by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output voltage of 37V and max input-output voltage differential of 40V. Operating temperature ranges from 0 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in electronic circuits. With a max output current of 1.5A, this through-hole package regulator is ideal for power supply designs where adjustable voltage levels are needed.
2N2222A
Micropac Industries
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LM317T/NOPB
LM317T/NOPB by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output voltage of 37V and max input-output voltage differential of 40V. It operates in temperatures ranging from 0 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in electronic circuits. The package style is flange mount with three terminals for easy installation.
SS14
Taiwan Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
261
Deltrol Controls
Other Relays;
National Semiconductor
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TO-220; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; JESD-609 Code: e3; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138
General Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Qualification: Not Qualified;
BAV99
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's BAV99 diode features a max forward voltage of 1.3V and a max output current of 0.15A, making it ideal for rectification applications. With a small outline package style and dual terminal position, this series-connected diode is designed for surface mount usage in various electronic circuits with an operating temperature range from -55°C to 150°C.
1N4148WS
Lite-on Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Panjit International
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BAV99WT1G
BAV99WT1G by Onsemi is a series connected diode with 0.006 us reverse recovery time. It is a small outline rectifier diode with 70V peak reverse voltage, ideal for surface mount applications in electronics requiring fast switching and low forward voltage drop.
Eic Semiconductor
ERJU06F10R0V
Panasonic
ERJU06F10R0V by Panasonic is an 0805 size SMT fixed resistor with a resistance of 10 ohm and 1% tolerance. It operates b/w -55 to 155 °C, suitable for AEC-Q200 standards in automotive applications due to its high temperature coefficient of 100 ppm/°C. With a max operating voltage of 150 V and power dissipation of 0.125 W, it is ideal for surface mounting type.
2N7002
Infineon Technologies
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
1N4148
Shanghai Lunsure Electronic Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us; Config: SINGLE;
New Jersey Semiconductor Products
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Package Shape: ROUND;
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
MBR1560CT
General Instrument
MBR1560CT by General Instrument is a common cathode rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.75V and max output current of 15A. It is used for efficiency applications, has a package shape of rectangular, and can operate in temperatures ranging from -65 to 150 °C.
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Maximum Drain Current (Abs) (ID): .2 A; Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss): 8 pF;
DP83822HFRHBR
DP83822HFRHBR by Texas Instruments is a Network Interface with 4 Ethernet transceivers. It operates at data rate of 100Gbps, suitable for automotive applications. The chip carrier package has 32 terminals and can withstand temperatures from -40 to 125°C.
SN65HVD230QDR
SN65HVD230QDR by Texas Instruments is a BICMOS technology interface circuit with 1Mbps data rate, suitable for automotive applications. It operates at 3.3V nominal voltage and has a max supply current of 0.017mA. This small outline package IC features dual terminals and can withstand temperatures from -40 to 125°C.
TJA1055T/C,512
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' TJA1055T/C,512 is a Network Interface IC with 14 terminals in a small outline package. It operates at 5V nominal voltage and has a peak reflow temperature of 260°C. Ideal for telecom applications due to its interface circuit design and compact dimensions.
KSZ9031RNXUB-TRVAO
Microchip Technology
Microchip's KSZ9031RNXUB-TRVAO is an Ethernet transceiver with 1000 Mbps data rate, operating from -40 to 85 °C. It features a square chip carrier package with 48 terminals and matte tin finish. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable network interfaces in tight spaces.
LAN8710A-EZK
Standard Microsystems
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: OTHER; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
DP83640TVV
DP83640TVV by Texas Instruments is an Ethernet transceiver with 100000 Mbps data rate. It operates at 3.3 V, suitable for industrial temperature range (-40 to 85 °C). The package style is flatpack, low profile, fine pitch, with a quad terminal position.
AR8031-AL1A-R
Qualcomm Atheros
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 48; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
KSZ9031MNXCC-TR
Microchip Technology's KSZ9031MNXCC-TR is an Ethernet transceiver with 1000 Mbps data rate. It operates at temperatures from 0 to 70°C, suitable for commercial applications. This chip carrier package has a square shape, 64 terminals, and matte tin finish, making it ideal for network interfaces.
MCP2562T-E/SN
MCP2562T-E/SN by Microchip: CAN transceiver for automotive apps. Operates at 1 Mbps, 5V supply voltage, and -40 to 125°C temp range. Small outline package with 8 terminals, matte tin finish, and TS16949 screening level.
KSZ8081MNXIA
Micrel
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
TJA1040T/VM,112
NXP Semiconductors' TJA1040T/VM,112 is a CMOS interface circuit with 8 terminals and 5V supply voltage. It operates at 1Mbps data rate, suitable for network interfaces. The small outline package measures 4.9mm x 3.9mm with gull wing terminals, making it ideal for surface mount applications.
KSZ9131RNXU-TRVAO
KSZ9131RNXU-TRVAO by Microchip: Ethernet transceiver with 1000 Mbps data rate, operates at -40 to 85 °C. Industrial grade, AEC-Q100 screening level for automotive applications. Package style: chip carrier, heat sink/slug, very thin profile.
LAN8720A-CP-TR
LAN8720A-CP-TR by Microchip: Ethernet transceiver with 100 Mbps data rate, operates at 3.3V, and consumes 54mA max supply current. Ideal for network interfaces in commercial applications due to its small size (4x4mm) and low power consumption.
TCAN330DCNR
TCAN330DCNR by Texas Instruments is an automotive-grade network interface IC with 8 terminals. It operates at a data rate of 1 Mbps and a supply voltage of 3.3 V, suitable for interface circuit applications in automotive electronics. The package style is small outline, low profile, shrink pitch, making it ideal for compact designs with a temperature range from -40 to 125°C.
LTC2875IDD#PBF
Analog Devices
LTC2875IDD#PBF by Analog Devices is a BICMOS technology interface circuit with 8 terminals, operating b/w -40 to 85°C. It has a small outline package style and matte tin terminal finish, suitable for telecom applications requiring a nominal voltage of 3.3V.
MCP2551-E/P
MCP2551-E/P by Microchip Tech is a CAN transceiver with 5V supply, 1 Mbps data rate, and TS16949 screening. Ideal for automotive applications due to -40 to 125 °C operating temp range and matte tin finish on terminals. Package style is in-line with 8 terminals in rectangular shape.
LAN8742AI-CZ-TR
LAN8742AI-CZ-TR by Microchip Technology is an Ethernet transceiver with a data rate of 100 Mbps. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85 °C) and has a small package size (4mm x 4mm). It is suitable for network interfaces in various applications.
LAN8742A-CZ
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
PCA82C250T/N4,112
PCA82C250T/N4,112 by NXP Semiconductors is a Network Interface IC with 1 transceiver. It operates at -40 to 125°C, suitable for automotive applications. With a supply voltage of 5V and Gull Wing terminal form, it offers reliable communication in compact design.
TCAN1042HDR
TCAN1042HDR by Texas Instruments is an Ethernet transceiver with a data rate of 2 Mbps. It operates at temperatures ranging from -55 to 125°C, making it suitable for military-grade applications. With a supply voltage of 5V and max supply current of 180mA, it is ideal for network interfaces in harsh environments.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
TJF1051T/3,118
NXP Semiconductors' TJF1051T/3,118 is a network interface with 8 terminals, operating at 5V. It has a data rate of 1 Mbps and supports circuits for telecom applications. With a small outline package style and industrial temperature grade, it is suitable for various electronic devices requiring reliable network connectivity.
TJF1051T/1J
NXP Semiconductors' TJF1051T/1J is a Network Interface IC with 8 terminals, operating temperature range of -40 to 125°C. It features Gull Wing terminals, supports circuits for telecom applications, and has a nominal voltage of 5V. Ideal for automotive use due to its small outline package style and peak reflow temperature of 260°C.
TJF1051T/3,112
NXP Semiconductors' TJF1051T/3,112 is a Network Interface with 8 terminals and 5V power supply. It operates at data rate of 1 Mbps, suitable for industrial telecom applications due to its small outline package and dual terminal position.
TJF1052IT/5Y
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Terminal Finish: NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; JESD-609 Code: e4; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
TJF1051T/3/1J
SUPPORT CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TJF1051T/3
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TJF1051T/3/CM,118
TJF1051T/3/1U
TJF1051T/3/1U by NXP Semiconductors is a network interface with 8 terminals, small outline package style, and temperature grade suitable for automotive applications. It supports circuit in telecom ICs and operates at a voltage of 5V.
TJF1441AT/0Z
CAN FD TRANSCEIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Transceivers: 1;
TJF1051T
SUPPORT CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TJF1051T/CMJ
CAN TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TJF1052IT
INTERFACE CIRCUIT;
TJF1052IT/1
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TJF1052IT/2
TJF1052IT/5
TJF1441AT
CAN FD TRANSCEIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Current: 125 mA;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved