Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: TFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
2
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Digiode
MARBEL Systems
$2.622
Texas Native Microelectronics
$3.014
$2.893
$2.803
$2.652
Kenton Components
$3.617
$3.183
Qasali Group International
$8.138
$7.568
$7.161
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Corphita
Flash Memory PF48F2000P0ZTQ0 attributes and parameters. Explore more Flash Memory devices from Micron Technology
Maximum Access Time:
Additional Features:
Boot Block:
JESD-30 Code:
Length:
Memory Density:
Memory IC Type:
Memory Width:
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
No. of Words:
No. of Words Code:
Operating Mode:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Organization:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Parallel or Serial:
Programming Voltage (V):
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Type:
Width:
PF48F2000P0ZTQ0 Memory ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.32.00.51
SB
8542.32.00.50
Micron Technology, Inc. is a leading provider of cutting-edge semiconductor solutions and products, based in Boise, Idaho. Founded in 1978, the company manufactures dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), flash memory, USB flash drives and other storage solutions used by a wide range of businesses and consumers around the world. With more than 35,000 employees worldwide and a $20 billion market capitalization as of 2019, Micron has remained at the forefront of technological innovation for over 40 years. The company's products are used in enterprise applications such as networking and data centers; mobile computing devices including smartphones and tablets; personal computers; automotive electronics; embedded systems; gaming consoles; imaging systems; industrial manufacturing processes; medical devices; military systems and more.
President, CEO
Sanjay Mehrotra
Executive VP, CFO
Mark J. Murphy
Executive VP, CBO
Sumit Sadana
Fab 4
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1994
USA
Boise
Wafer Capacity
8,750
Fab 6
1997
Manassas
23,000
2006
28,000
Fab 11
2007
Taiwan
Taoyuan
34,000
Fab 16 A1
Taichung
50,000
Fab 16 A3
2021
3,000
Fab 15
2002
Japan
Hiroshima
98,000
2004
New Hiroshima DRAM Fab
2017
11,750
Fab 10W
2016
Singapore
20,000
Fab 10X
55,000
2019
18,000
Fab 10A
Fab 10N
2014
47,000
2000
32,000
2012
6,000
Fab 16 A2
2015
43,000
New Clay Fab Phase 1
2027
Clay
New Boise Fab 1
2025
Fab 16 A5
2028
Expansion Fab
2020
1N4148
Rochester Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
SMBJ18CA
Semitron
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM2931Z-5.0RPG
Onsemi
LM2931Z-5.0RPG by Onsemi is a Fixed Positive Single Output LDO Regulator with 5V Nominal Output Voltage, 0.1A Max Output Current, and 6V Min Input Voltage. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125 °C and is ideal for applications requiring stable voltage regulation in electronic circuits.
Pulse Electronics
1N4148WS-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
1N4148WS-7-F by Diodes Inc. is a single rectifier diode with max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and max reverse current of 1 uA. It operates b/w -65 to 150 °C, ideal for applications requiring small outline surface mount diodes with a max output current of 0.15 A.
First Components International
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Clamping Voltage: 29.2 V; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.1 V; Polarity: BIDIRECTIONAL; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V;
FDV304P
The Onsemi FDV304P is a P-CHANNEL FET with 25V DS Breakdown Voltage, ideal for SWITCHING applications. It features a max Drain Current of 0.46A and an Operating Temperature range of -55 to 150 °C. The transistor comes in a PLASTIC/EPOXY package with GULL WING terminals, suitable for surface mount configurations.
National Semiconductor
1N4148WT
Good-ark Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Mde Semiconductor
North American Philips Discrete Products Div
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb);
1N4148WT by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max output current of 0.3A and forward voltage of 0.72V. It has a small outline package style, matte tin terminal finish, and operates at temperatures up to 150°C. Ideal for applications requiring fast reverse recovery time such as power supplies and signal demodulation circuits.
Microsemi
MMBT3906LT1G
MMBT3906LT1G by Onsemi is a PNP BJT with VCEsat of 0.4V, hFE of 30, and fT of 250MHz. Ideal for small signal applications in electronics due to its low power dissipation, high transition frequency, and compact SOT-23 package. Suitable for use in temperature-sensitive environments with an operating range from -65°C to 150°C.
2N2222A
Space Power Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
BSS138
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
LAN8720AI-CP-TR
Microchip Technology
LAN8720AI-CP-TR by Microchip is an Ethernet transceiver with 100 Mbps data rate, operating at -40 to 85 °C. It features a 3.3 V supply voltage, 54 mA supply current, and TS 16949 screening level. Ideal for network interfaces in industrial applications due to its compact square package and low profile design.
BSS138DW-7-F
BSS138DW-7-F by Diodes Incorporated is a N-channel small signal FET with a min DS breakdown voltage of 50V. It is used for switching applications and operates in enhancement mode. This surface mount transistor has a max drain current of 0.2A and a max power dissipation of 0.2W.
ATMEGA328P-AU
Atmel
MICROCONTROLLER, RISC; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: TQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
LM358AN
Texas Instruments
LM358AN by Texas Instruments is an Operational Amplifier with 2 functions. It has a Max Input Offset Voltage of 5000 uV and Nominal Common Mode Reject Ratio of 85 dB. Widely used in voltage-feedback applications due to its high Min Voltage Gain of 15000 and Unity Gain Bandwidth of 1000 kHz.
S29GL064S70TFI030
Infineon Technologies
S29GL064S70TFI030 by Infineon Technologies is a 64Mb Flash Memory with an operating voltage of 2.7V to 3.6V and a max access time of 70ns. It is commonly used in industrial applications that require high-density memory and fast data retrieval.
MTFC32GJDDQ-4MIT
Micron Technology
Micron Technology's MTFC32GJDDQ-4MIT is a 32GB MLC NAND flash memory with 100 terminals in a low-profile grid array package. Operating at 3.3V, it is ideal for industrial applications requiring high-density storage in compact spaces. With CMOS technology and ball terminal form, it offers reliable performance for various flash card solutions.
WDS400T2B0A
Western Digital
WDS400T2B0A by Western Digital is a 4TB flash memory with 8-bit memory width and CMOS technology. It operates b/w 0-70°C, ideal for commercial applications requiring high memory density. With a compact size of 100.2mm x 69.85mm x 7mm, it suits microelectronic assemblies needing reliable NAND type storage.
SST26VF032B-104I/SM70SVAO
EEPROM;
S29AL008J70TFI023
Cypress Semiconductor
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 48; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Power Supplies (V): 3,3.3;
MT29F2G16ABAEAWP:ETR
Micron Technology's MT29F2G16ABAEAWP:ETR is a 3.3V SLC NAND flash memory with 128Mx16 organization and 2147483648-bit memory density. Operating in asynchronous mode, it has a temperature range of 0-70°C and is suitable for commercial applications requiring high-speed parallel memory access.
S25FL256LAGNFV010
S25FL256LAGNFV010 by Infineon is a NOR type Flash Memory with 32Mx8 organization, operating at 133MHz clock frequency. It offers 100000 write/erase cycles and supports SPI serial bus type. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high endurance and reliable data storage in compact form factor.
S25FL512SAGBHIA10
S25FL512SAGBHIA10 by Infineon is a 64MX8 NOR flash memory with 512753664 bit density. Operating at 3V, it offers 133MHz clock frequency and 100000 write/erase cycles endurance. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed serial data transfer over SPI interface.
AT25SF041-SHD-T
Renesas Electronics
AT25SF041-SHD-T by Renesas Electronics is a 4Mx1 NOR type flash memory with SPI serial bus, operating at up to 104MHz clock frequency. It features hardware/software write protection and operates in industrial temperature grade (-40°C to 85°C). Ideal for applications requiring high-speed data storage and retrieval in compact electronic devices.
MTFC16GAPALBH-AATTR
MTFC16GAPALBH-AATTR by Micron Technology is a 16GX8 NAND flash memory with 17179869184 words capacity. It operates synchronously at up to 200 MHz clock frequency, suitable for applications requiring high-speed data storage and retrieval. With a thin profile and fine pitch grid array package style, it offers compact design flexibility for various electronic devices.
AT45DB041E-SSHN-B
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Endurance: 100000 Write/Erase Cycles;
W25Q512JVEIQ
Winbond Electronics
Winbond Electronics' W25Q512JVEIQ is a 64MX8 NOR flash memory with 133 MHz clock frequency, SPI serial bus type, and 100000 write/erase cycles. It operates at -40 to 85 °C, ideal for industrial applications requiring high endurance and fast data transfer. The small outline package with dual terminals makes it suitable for compact devices needing reliable non-volatile memory storage.
W25Q256JVEIQ
W25Q256JVEIQ by Winbond Electronics is a NOR flash memory with 32MX8 organization, SPI serial bus type, and 133 MHz clock frequency. It is used in industrial applications for its 100000 write/erase cycles endurance, 3.3V programming voltage, and compact rectangular package style.
S29WS128P0SBFW000
Spansion
FLASH; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 84; Package Code: VFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Qualification: Not Qualified;
AT25SF041-SSHD-T
Dialog Semiconductor
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words Code: 512K;
AT45DB161D-SU-2.5
Adesto Technologies
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Seated Height: 2.16 mm;
M25P64-VME6TG
Numonyx
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HVSON; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Organization: 8MX8;
SST25VF080B-50-4I-S2AF-T
SST25VF080B-50-4I-S2AF-T by Microchip Technology is a NOR type Flash Memory with 8Mx1 organization, SPI serial bus type, and 50MHz clock frequency. It operates at -40 to 85°C and has 100k write/erase cycles endurance. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact devices.
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: TBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words Code: 128M;
S29JL032J70TFI420
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 48; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
PF48F4400P0VBQEE
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Common Flash Interface: YES;
PF48F4400P0VBQEF
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Memory Width: 16;
PF48F4400P0VBQEK
PF48F4400P0VBQEA
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: VFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Alternate Memory Width: 16;
PF48F4400P0VBQEA by Micron Technology is a NOR type flash memory with a capacity of 536870912 bits. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C and has a max access time of 100 ns. It is commonly used in industrial applications that require high-speed data storage and retrieval.
PF48F3000L0YBQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; JESD-30 Code: R-PBGA-B88;
PF48F2000P0ZBQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: TFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup): 1.7 V;
PF48F3000L0YTQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Pitch: .8 mm;
PF48F3000L0YUQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Qualification: Not Qualified;
PF48F1000W0YUQ0
PF48F2000L0YCQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Form: BALL;
PF48F2000W0ZTQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 56; Package Code: VFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
PF48F2000P0XTQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: TFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Programming Voltage (V): 3;
PF48F3000L0YCQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Common Flash Interface: YES;
PF48F1000W0ZTQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 56; Package Code: VFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Pitch: .75 mm;
PF48F2000P0ZTQ0A
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: TFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Memory Width: 16;
PF48F2000L0YUQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Command User Interface: YES;
PF48F2000W0YCQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
PF48F2000W0YUQ0
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 88; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words Code: 4M;
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 80; Package Code: TFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Current: 28 mA;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved