Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Renesas Electronics AT45DB641E-MWHN-Y is a 64MX1 flash memory with 67108864-bit density. It operates at 85MHz clock frequency, has a supply voltage range of 1.7V to 3.6V, and supports synchronous mode. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact devices due to its small outline package and low profile design.
Median Price
$5.940
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
11
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Farnell
1+ parts
$5.020
100+ parts
$3.620
1k+ parts
$3.310
10k+ parts
-
Renesas
$4.734
$4.228
$4.139
Mouser Electronics
$6.640
$5.720
$5.390
$5.250
Element14
$8.140
$6.160
$5.930
Future Electronics
$3.520
Nova Conductors
$4.600
Chip Stock
Vyrian
NAC Semi
$5.450
Sensible Micro Corp
Cogito LLC
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$3.196
Advanced Electronics
$4.017
Continental Prestige Electronics
$4.240
$3.040
Corohmni
$4.246
Component Stockers USA
$5.150
$4.080
$4.140
Perfect Parts
Lixinc
Argo Parts USA
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Netroflash
$4.508
$4.370
$4.278
This material is durable and lightweight, making the flash memory easy to handle and install.
Allows for easy and efficient mounting on circuit boards, saving space and enhancing overall product design.
Efficient voltage supply ensures optimal performance and reliability of the flash memory.
Can withstand high operational temperatures, making it suitable for industrial applications where heat resistance is crucial.
High organization allows for efficient storage and retrieval of data, enhancing the performance of the flash memory.
Capable of functioning in extremely low temperatures, making it suitable for a wide range of environments.
CMOS technology offers low power consumption and high-speed operation, making the flash memory energy-efficient and reliable.
Serial communication allows for faster data transfer and enhanced performance compared to parallel communication.
Flash Memory AT45DB641E-MWHN-Y attributes and parameters. Explore more Flash Memory devices from Renesas Electronics
Maximum Clock Frequency (fCLK):
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Memory Density:
Memory IC Type:
Memory Width:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
No. of Words:
No. of Words Code:
Operating Mode:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Organization:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Parallel or Serial:
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Programming Voltage (V):
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width:
AT45DB641E-MWHN-Y Memory ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.32.00.51
SB
8542.32.00.50
1N4148WS
Sangdest Microelectronics (Nanjing)
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138DW-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
BSS138DW-7-F by Diodes Incorporated is a N-channel small signal FET with a min DS breakdown voltage of 50V. It is used for switching applications and operates in enhancement mode. This surface mount transistor has a max drain current of 0.2A and a max power dissipation of 0.2W.
1N4148
Shandong Yiguang Electronic Joint Stock
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
BAV99
Lite-on Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SS14
Sensitron Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N2222A
Forward International Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .625 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
Daco Semiconductor
STM32F407VGT6
STMicroelectronics
STM32F407VGT6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with 2/3.3V power supplies, 196608 bytes RAM, and 16-Ch 12-Bit ADC channels. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring CAN, ETHERNET, I2C(3), SPI(3), UART(2), USB(2) connectivity and features DMA(16) for efficient data transfer. With a max clock frequency of 50 MHz and operating temperature range of -40 to 85 °C, it offers high performance in a compact package style (14mm x 14mm).
Taitron Components
LP2950CDT-3.3G
Onsemi
LP2950CDT-3.3G by Onsemi is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 3.3V and max output current of 0.1A. It has a small outline package style, operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125 °C, and is suitable for applications requiring low dropout voltage and precise voltage regulation in electronic circuits.
LM358D-T
Philips Semiconductors
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
C0603X104K5RACAUTO
KEMET Corporation
C0603X104K5RACAUTO by KEMET Corp is a ceramic capacitor with capacitance of 0.1 uF and rated DC voltage of 50 V. It has a temperature coefficient of 15% and can operate b/w -55 to 125 °C. This SMT package is commonly used in automotive applications due to its AEC-Q200 reference standard.
Surge Components
1N4148WS-7-F
1N4148WS-7-F by Diodes Inc. is a single rectifier diode with max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and max reverse current of 1 uA. It operates b/w -65 to 150 °C, ideal for applications requiring small outline surface mount diodes with a max output current of 0.15 A.
FDN306P
Fairchild Semiconductor
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Drain Current (Abs) (ID): 2.6 A; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
Crimson Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
2N7002
Micro Commercial Components
Small Signal Field-Effect Transistors; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .34 A; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE;
MBRA340T3G
MBRA340T3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V reverse test voltage and 3A max output current. Ideal for power applications, it operates b/w -55 to 150°C, features matte tin terminal finish, and comes in a small outline package.
Aeroflex/metelics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Package Shape: ROUND; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
BAV99+
Multicomp Pro
BAV99+ by Multicomp Pro is a series connected diode with 0.2A output current and 75V peak reverse voltage. Its 0.006us reverse recovery time makes it ideal for high-speed applications. This small outline rectifier diode is designed for surface mount installation in electronic circuits.
S29GL064S70TFI020
Infineon Technologies
The Infineon Technologies S29GL064S70TFI020 is an 8MX8 flash memory with a memory density of 67108864 bits. Operating at an industrial temperature grade, it has a max access time of 70 ns and operates in parallel mode. This compact package with gull wing terminals is suitable for various applications requiring fast and reliable non-volatile memory storage.
AT45DB161E-SHD-B
Adesto Technologies
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Endurance: 100000 Write/Erase Cycles;
S29GL256S90DHI010
S29GL256S90DHI010 by Infineon Technologies is a 32MX8 NAND flash memory with 256 sectors and 33554432 words. Operating at 3V, it offers a max access time of 90ns and endurance of 100000 write/erase cycles. Ideal for applications requiring high-density data storage in devices with limited space and power constraints.
MTFC8GAKAJCN-4MIT
Micron Technology
MTFC8GAKAJCN-4MIT by Micron Technology is a 8GX8 MLC NAND flash memory with 52 MHz clock frequency. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85 °C) and has a memory density of 68719476736 bit. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact devices.
MX25L3233FM2I-08G
Macronix
Macronix MX25L3233FM2I-08G is a 32Mb NOR Flash Memory with SPI interface, operating at 133MHz clock frequency. It offers 100K Write/Erase cycles endurance and operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C). Ideal for applications requiring high-speed data storage and retrieval in compact electronic devices.
S25FL512SAGMFIR10
Cypress Semiconductor
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
MT25QL02GCBB8E12-0AAT
MT25QL02GCBB8E12-0AAT by Micron Technology is a 256MX8 NOR flash memory with 3V supply voltage, operating at 133MHz. It offers 100000 write/erase cycles and SPI serial bus type for industrial applications requiring high endurance and fast data transfer.
AT45DB161E-SSHF-B
Atmel
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Seated Height: 1.75 mm;
S25FL512SAGMFIG11
S25FL512SAGMFIG11 by Infineon Technologies is a 64MX8 NOR type flash memory with 512753664 bit density. It operates at 3V, has a clock frequency of 133 MHz, and offers 100000 write/erase cycles. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed synchronous operation in small outline packages.
AT45DB321E-SHF-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words Code: 32M;
N25Q128A13EF840F
N25Q128A13EF840F by Micron Technology is a NOR type flash memory with 128Mx1 organization, operating at 3V with 108MHz clock frequency. It features hardware/software write protection and SPI serial bus type, suitable for industrial applications requiring high endurance of 100000 Write/Erase cycles.
SST26VF016B-104I/SN
Microchip Technology
SST26VF016B-104I/SN by Microchip: 16MX1 NOR Flash Memory with 104 MHz clock freq. Ideal for industrial applications, offers 100000 Write/Erase cycles, SPI serial bus type.
W25Q16JVZPIQ
Winbond Electronics
W25Q16JVZPIQ by Winbond Electronics is a 16Mb flash memory with synchronous operation, 2MX8 organization, and 133 MHz clock frequency. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring fast data transfer and reliable storage in a compact package with a low profile design.
AT45DB021E-SSHN-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; JESD-609 Code: e4;
S29GL128P90FFIR20
Spansion
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: LBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Parallel or Serial: PARALLEL;
THGBMNG5D1LBAIL
Kioxia Holdings
FLASH CARD; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 153; Package Code: BGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup): 3.6 V;
AT45DB161D-SU-SL954
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Technology: CMOS;
IS25WP064A-JBLE
Integrated Silicon Solution
IS25WP064A-JBLE by Integrated Silicon Solution is a 64Mb NOR Flash Memory with 8MX8 organization, SPI serial bus type, and 133 MHz clock frequency. It operates at -40 to 105°C, has 100K write/erase cycles endurance, and supports hardware/software write protection. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact form factors.
AT45DB161E-SHF-B
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Equivalence Code: SOP8,.3;
SST25VF040B-50-4I-SAF-T
SST25VF040B-50-4I-SAF-T by Microchip: NOR Flash Memory, 50MHz Clock, SPI Interface. Ideal for industrial applications with -40 to 85°C temp range. Offers 4Mbit memory density and 100K Write/Erase cycles.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
Renesas Electronics
Renesas Electronics' AT45DB321E-SHF-T is a 32M Flash Memory IC with 85MHz clock frequency, operating at -40 to 85°C. It features synchronous operation, 3V programming voltage, and serial interface. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact form factor.
Dialog Semiconductor
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: DUAL;
AT45DB321E-SHF-B
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Memory Width: 1;
Renesas Electronics' AT45DB321E-SHF-B is a 32Mbit Flash Memory with 85MHz clock frequency, operating at -40 to 85°C. It features synchronous operation, 3V nominal voltage, and serial interface. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact designs.
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Parallel or Serial: SERIAL;
AT45DB321D-SU
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup): 3.6 V;
AT45DB321D-SU by Atmel is a 32Mbit NOR type flash memory with SPI serial bus, offering 100000 write/erase cycles. It operates at 3V, has a max clock frequency of 66MHz, and is ideal for industrial applications requiring high endurance and reliable data storage.
AT45DB081E-SSHN-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup): 1.7 V;
Renesas Electronics AT45DB081E-SSHN-T is a 1MX8 NOR Flash Memory with 3.9mm width, SPI serial bus type, and 133MHz clock frequency. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high endurance of 100K write/erase cycles in a compact small outline package.
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V): 3;
AT45DB161E-SHD-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Type: NOR TYPE;
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE;
Silicon Labs
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel;
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Finish: NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD;
AT45DB161E-SHD-T by Renesas Electronics is a NOR type flash memory with 16Mx1 organization, SPI serial bus type, and 85MHz clock frequency. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C and has a write/erase endurance of 100K cycles. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact form factors.
AT45DB641E-SHN-T
Renesas Electronics' AT45DB641E-SHN-T is a 64M Flash Memory IC with 85MHz clock frequency, operating from -40 to 85°C. It features synchronous operation, serial interface, and 1.8V programming voltage. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact designs.
AT45DB321E-SHF2B-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Functions: 1;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved