Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
N74F1245D by NXP Semiconductors is an 8-bit bus driver with a 5V nominal voltage and a propagation delay of just 8 ns. It features dual ports, operates in temperatures from 0 °C to 70 °C, and is ideal for high-speed data transmission applications. Its compact SO package ensures efficient surface mounting.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
5
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Digiode
Resion
Halfin
Anansix
Andel Nordic
$4.277
$4.106
Advanced Electronics
$21.513
$21.298
$20.437
One Stop Electronics
$37.000
UNI Independent Distributors
Corphita
The use of plastic/epoxy for the package body ensures durability and resistance to harsh environmental conditions, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
The surface mount feature allows for easy integration into modern printed circuit boards (PCBs), saving space and enhancing performance.
The rectangular shape is ideal for compact designs, facilitating efficient use of space in electronic applications.
An 8-bit architecture supports a wide range of data transmission, making it versatile for various applications.
The nominal supply voltage of 5V aligns with common power requirements, ensuring compatibility with most circuits.
A load capacitance of 50 pF provides good performance at high speeds, ensuring reliable data transmission.
With 20 terminals, this device offers multiple connection options, enhancing flexibility in circuit design.
The small outline package style allows for a compact design, ideal for space-constrained applications.
A low propagation delay of 8 ns means faster switching times, making it suitable for high-speed applications.
The device can operate at temperatures up to 70 °C, indicating robustness for various environments.
The 3-state output characteristic enhances the flexibility in bus communication by allowing multiple devices to share a common bus.
A minimum operating temperature of 0 °C ensures functionality in mild climates, broadening application use cases.
Dual terminal positioning provides flexible mounting options, facilitating easier PCB layout.
Two ports enable communication between multiple devices, effectively facilitating data transfer in parallel applications.
A maximum seated height of 2.65 mm keeps the profile low, making it suitable for compact devices.
A compact width of 7.5 mm helps save space on PCBs without sacrificing performance.
True output polarity ensures that logic levels are consistent with standard TTL/CMOS operations.
A minimum supply voltage of 4.5V allows operation within a wide range of system voltages.
The length of 12.8 mm strikes a good balance between performance and spatial efficiency on PCBs.
Being rated for commercial temperatures makes it suitable for consumer electronics and general-purpose applications.
Using TTL technology ensures compatibility and reliability in digital logic applications.
Gull wing terminal form provides easy soldering and enhances connection reliability.
A 1.27 mm terminal pitch is standard for many devices, simplifying PCB design and assembly.
With a maximum supply voltage of 5.5V, this product is versatile and can safely operate under various conditions.
A maximum power supply current of 155 mA ensures ample power for demanding applications while maintaining efficiency.
Bus Driver & Transceivers N74F1245D attributes and parameters. Explore more Bus Driver & Transceivers devices from NXP Semiconductors
Additional Features:
Family:
JESD-30 Code:
Length:
Load Capacitance (CL):
Logic IC Type:
No. of Bits:
No. of Functions:
No. of Ports:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Output Characteristics:
Output Polarity:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Maximum Power Supply Current (ICC):
Propagation Delay (tpd):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width:
N74F1245D Logic ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
NXP is a leading semiconductor company that creates cutting-edge technology to power secure connections in a smarter world. Founded in 2006, they have grown to become one of the top five global semiconductor companies and serve their customers in over 70 countries around the world.
Executive Director, President, CEO
Kurt Sievers
Executive VP, CFO
Bill Betz
Executive VP, Chief Sales Officer
Ron Martino
ICN8
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1996
Netherlands
Nijmegen
Wafer Capacity
55,000
ATMC (Austin Tech & Mfg Center)
1995
USA
Austin
30,000
N/A
1989
Germany
Boeblingen
CHD
1993
Chandler
OHTC
1991
24,000
New Expansion Fab
2026
ECHO
2020
10,000
FT232RQ-REEL
FTDI
FTDI's FT232RQ-REEL is a USB bus controller with 32 terminals, operating at 3.3-5.25V. It supports data transfer rates up to 60MBps and clock frequency of 12.02MHz, suitable for RS232/RS422/RS485 interfaces in various applications like industrial automation and communication systems.
M24308/2-1F
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's M24308/2-1F D-Sub Connector features 9 contacts, 2 rows, and a shell size of 1/E. With a rated current of 7.5A, it operates b/w -55°C to 125°C. Ideal for cable mounting applications, this connector has a steel shell with cadmium finish and uses crimp termination for female contact pins.
NE555D
Texas Instruments
NE555D by Texas Instruments is an 8-terminal IC with a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 16V, suitable for analog waveform generation applications. It operates at temperatures from 0°C to 70°C and has a max supply current of 15mA. The package style is small outline, making it ideal for compact electronic designs.
SMBJ18CA
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Silicon Standard
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SS14
Vishay Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MBR0520L-T1
Won-top Electronics
MBR0520L-T1 by Won-top Electronics is a Schottky rectifier diode with 20V peak reverse voltage and 0.5A output current. It is a single-config, surface-mount diode in a small outline package, suitable for applications requiring high-speed switching and low forward voltage drop. Operating temperature range from -65°C to 125°C makes it ideal for various electronic circuits.
BSS138
Good-ark Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 6 ohm; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
DS18B20U+
Maxim Integrated
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape or Style: SQUARE; Housing: PLASTIC; Minimum Supply Voltage: 3 V;
OHN3140U
Optek Technology
MAGNETIC FIELD SENSOR,HALL EFFECT; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 3; Output Type: ANALOG CURRENT; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Output Range: 25mA;
LM107H
Raytheon Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Low-Offset: NO;
2N2222A
Minilogic Device
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .625 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .001 A;
DS18B20
Dallas Semiconductor
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape or Style: ROUND; Housing: PLASTIC; Output Interface Type: 1-WIRE INTERFACE;
M39029/58-360
Defense Logistics Agency
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Contact Type: CRIMP REAR RELEASE; Mating Contacts: M39029/56-348, M39029/57-354; Insertion Tool Sources: MILITARY; Contact Gender: MALE; Alternate Contact Sources: MILITARY;
1N4148
Philips Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LL4148
Weitron Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
BAV99
MICRODIODE ELECTRONICS SHENZHEN CO LTD
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM107H/883C
General Electric Solid State
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Wideband: NO;
2N7002
Bytesonic Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Terminal Position: DUAL; Minimum Operating Temperature: -55 Cel;
Jiangsu Changjiang Electronics Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): .715 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us; Maximum Output Current: .2 A;
SN74LV244APWRG3
SN74LV244APWRG3 by Texas Instruments is a 2-function bus driver with 4 bits and 20 terminals. It operates at a nominal voltage of 2.5V, has a propagation delay of 13.5ns, and supports surface mount applications. This CMOS technology device is ideal for automotive temperature grade environments due to its wide operating temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.
74LVC4245AD,112
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' 74LVC4245AD,112 is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 6.5 ns at 5V supply voltage. It features a small outline package and operates in automotive temperature grades. Ideal for bidirectional control applications requiring common control with dual terminals and true output polarity.
SN74HCT244PWRE4
SN74HCT244PWRE4 by Texas Instruments is a 2-function bus driver & transceiver with a propagation delay of 35 ns and a load capacitance of 50 pF. It is commonly used in industrial applications due to its small outline, thin profile package style and industrial temperature grade.
SN74AXC8T245RJWR
SN74AXC8T245RJWR by Texas Instruments is an 8-bit bus driver with a supply voltage of 0.7V, operating temperature range of -40 to 125°C, and propagation delay of 172ns. This chip carrier transceiver has a very thin profile, true output polarity, and is ideal for automotive applications requiring CMOS technology in a compact form factor.
NC7SZ125P5X
Fairchild Semiconductor
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
74VHCT574AM
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NC7SV126P5X
SN74AHCT541PWRG4
SN74AHCT541PWRG4 by Texas Instruments is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 9.5 ns at 5V, suitable for automotive applications. It features a small outline package with dual terminals and a max operating temperature of 125°C. The device has a true output polarity and supports a load capacitance of 50 pF.
MC74HC574ADWG
Onsemi
MC74HC574ADWG by Onsemi is an 8-bit bus driver with 3-STATE output. It operates at a supply voltage of 2-6V, has a propagation delay of 240ns, and supports a max frequency of 20MHz. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer in military-grade environments.
SN74HCT245DWR
SN74HCT245DWR by Texas Instruments is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 28ns at 5V. It features a 3-STATE output and operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85 °C). Commonly used for bidirectional data transmission in various electronic applications.
74LVC1G125GW,125
NXP Semiconductors' 74LVC1G125GW,125 is a CMOS bus driver with 6 ns propagation delay and 24 Amp max I (ol). It operates at -40 to 125 °C and supports a load capacitance of 50 pF. Ideal for automotive applications due to its small outline package style and true output polarity.
74LVC4245ADB,112
NXP Semiconductors' 74LVC4245ADB,112 is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 6.5 ns and operates at supply voltages of 3.3V and 5V. This CMOS technology device features a small outline package for automotive applications, offering bidirectional control with common control functionality in a compact form factor.
SN74AXC4T774PWR
SN74AXC4T774PWR by Texas Instruments is a 4-bit bus driver with 3-STATE output characteristics. It operates at a supply voltage range of 0.65V to 3.6V, with a max current of 0.04mA. With a propagation delay of 221ns, it is suitable for automotive applications requiring reliable signal transmission in compact spaces.
74HC244D-Q100,118
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC244D-Q100,118 is a CMOS bus driver with 33ns propagation delay and 6A max I (ol). It has 2 functions, operates at -40 to 125 °C, and is AEC-Q100 compliant. Ideal for automotive applications requiring fast signal transmission in a compact package.
CD40109BPWR
CD40109BPWR by Texas Instruments is a 4-bit bus driver with 600 ns propagation delay at 5V. It features a small outline package, true output polarity, and dual terminal position. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring UNIDIRECTIONAL control with ENABLE HIGH functionality.
MM74HC573WM
MM74HC573WM by Onsemi is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 35ns. It operates at a nominal voltage of 4.5V and has a max operating temperature of 85°C. Ideal for applications requiring fast signal transmission in industrial settings.
SN74LS245N
BUS TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
CY74FCT827ATQCT
Cypress Semiconductor
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74HC245DWRE4
SN74HC245DWRE4 by Texas Instruments is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 22ns at 6V. It features a small outline package, operates in industrial temperatures (-40 to 85°C), and has a max power supply current of 0.08mA. Ideal for bidirectional control applications requiring true output polarity.
74HCT573DB,118
NXP Semiconductors' 74HCT573DB,118 is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 53ns at 5V. It features a small outline package and operates in automotive temperature grades. Ideal for applications requiring true output polarity and 3-state output characteristics.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
N74F541D
N74F541D by NXP Semiconductors is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 7.5 ns at 5V supply, suitable for commercial applications. It features a small outline package, 3-STATE output characteristics, and operates within a temperature range of 0 to 70°C.
Philips Semiconductors
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup): 5.5 V;
N74F245D,623
BUS TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
N74F1242N
BUS TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
N74F1244N
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
N74F1245D-T
N74F1240D-T
N74F1241D-T
N74F1243D-T
BUS TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
N74F1244D-T
N74F1242D-T
N74F1244N,602
N74F1241D
N74F1243N
N74F1241N
N74F1244D
N74F1244D,602
N74F1243D
N74F1245D
BUS TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: DUAL;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved