Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
PHASE LOCKED LOOP; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
Median Price
$0.734
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
35
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Newark
1+ parts
$0.094
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
-
Adafruit Industries
$0.545
Chip1Stop
$0.759
Arrow
$0.781
$0.610
$0.516
$0.501
Mouser Electronics
$1.260
$0.820
$0.634
$0.590
Verical
$0.763
$0.684
Rochester
$0.708
$0.588
$0.524
Avnet
$0.256
Digiode
$0.089
Nova Conductors
$0.670
TME
$1.200
$0.710
$0.628
$0.574
Tectiva GmbH
Prism Electronics
Holdelec - ElecDif-Pro
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
R&J Components
A2Z Electronics, Inc.
Bristol Electronics
Lighthouse Electronics, Inc.
Mil-Aero Solutions, Inc.
Q Components
Mentor Electronics Marketing, LLC
Inventory MP
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
Pegasus Components GmbH
PC Components Company LLC
Vyrian
Florida Circuit
Microfarads
Semi Source
North Shore Components
LWI Electronics Inc
Cogito LLC
Resion
Manotoh
Semicontronic
$0.080
$0.078
Corphita
$0.085
Advanced Electronics
Argo Parts USA
$0.650
Bastille Electronics
$0.636
$0.605
$0.596
Continental Prestige Electronics
$1.600
$1.040
$0.896
Parana Technologies
$2.083
$2.601
ChromeModa Solutions
$2.340
$1.919
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$2.106
Corohmni
$6.072
Microchip USA
$7.865
Perfect Parts
Lixinc
Glotronic Ltd.
Authorized Procurement Solutions
DigiPath Technology Company
$2.110
Supply Digital
Cyclops Electronics Ltd (Excess)
Robosynatics
$10.117
Lucentia Tech
Phase Locked Loops (PLL) & Frequency Synthesis Circuits CD74HC4046AM attributes and parameters. Explore more Phase Locked Loops (PLL) & Frequency Synthesis Circuits devices from Intersil
Other IC type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Power Supplies (V):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width (mm):
CD74HC4046AM Other Function Semiconductors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
NSN
5962-01-394-0743, 5962013940743
NIIN
013940743
Japanese semiconductor company Renesas acquired Intersil on February 24, 2017. Intersil Corporation (NASDAQ:ISIL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Renesas Electronics Corporation, is a leading provider of innovative power management and precision analog solutions. The company's products form the building blocks of increasingly intelligent, mobile and power hungry electronics enabling advances in power management to improve efficiency and extend battery life. With a deep portfolio of intellectual property and a rich history of design and process innovation, Intersil is the trusted partner to leading companies in some of the world's largest markets, including the industrial and infrastructure, mobile computing, automotive and aerospace.
MBRM140T1G
Onsemi
MBRM140T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V max repetitive peak reverse voltage, 1A max output current, and 0.3V max forward voltage. It is used in applications requiring small outline surface mount diodes for efficient power management.
C1210C104K5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C1210C104K5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance, rated for 50V. It has X7R temperature characteristics and ±10% tolerance, suitable for surface mount applications in a wide temperature range from -55°C to 125°C. Its compact rectangular package makes it ideal for various electronic devices.
LAN8720A-CP-TR
Standard Microsystems
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: OTHER; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
DS18B20
Dallas Semiconductor
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape or Style: ROUND; Housing: PLASTIC; Output Interface Type: 1-WIRE INTERFACE;
1N4148
Iskra Semic Capacitors Industry
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; No. of Phases: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 2 A;
AT90CAN128-16AU
Microchip Technology
AT90CAN128-16AU by Microchip Technology is a microcontroller with 8-bit data RAM and 16-bit address bus width. It operates at a max clock frequency of 16 MHz, making it suitable for industrial applications requiring low power mode and connectivity options like CAN, SPI, and USART. With 53 I/O lines and 8-channel 10-bit ADCs, this microcontroller offers versatile peripheral support for various embedded systems.
2N2222A
Fairchild Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LM358N
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SMMBT2222ALT1G
SMMBT2222ALT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor with 3 terminals, 0.6A IC, and 40V VCE. It has a hFE of 75, fT of 300MHz, and operates up to 150°C. Ideal for small signal applications in automotive electronics due to AEC-Q101 compliance.
2N7002
Motorola
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY; Qualification: Not Qualified; Minimum Operating Temperature: -55 Cel;
BAV99
General Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ABS25-32.768KHZ-1-T
Abracon
Abracon's ABS25-32.768KHZ-1-T crystal oscillator offers 10 ppm frequency tolerance, 126% stability, and 50000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring 0.032768 MHz nominal operating frequency, such as IoT devices and precision timing systems.
2N7002-7-F
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
U.FL-R-SMT-1(10)
Hirose Electric
U.FL-R-SMT-1(10) by Hirose Electric is a RF connector with 50 ohm impedance, 0.05 dB insertion loss, and 8 GHz operating frequency. Ideal for board mounting in commercial applications, it features gold termination finish, liquid crystal polymer insulator, and 200VAC dielectric voltage resistance.
1N4148WS
First Components International
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LL4148
Formosa Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
SMBJ18CA
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
Itt Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Config: SINGLE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V; Maximum Output Current: .15 A;
STM8S003F3P6TR
STMicroelectronics
STM8S003F3P6TR by STMicroelectronics is an 8-bit microcontroller with a max clock frequency of 16 MHz. It features 1024 RAM bytes, 128 data EEPROM size, and 5-ch 10-bit ADC channels. Ideal for industrial applications requiring low power mode and connectivity via I2C, SPI, and UART interfaces.
8V97003NLGI
Renesas Electronics
PHASE LOCKED LOOP; Terminal Finish: TIN; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; JESD-609 Code: e3;
ADF4110BRUZ-RL
Analog Devices
ADF4110BRUZ-RL by Analog Devices is a PLL frequency synthesizer with a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V. It operates in industrial temperature conditions (-40°C to 85°C) and has a small outline package style with dual terminal position. This IC is commonly used in phase locked loops and frequency synthesis circuits.
LMX9402BL1701X
Texas Instruments
LMX9402BL1701X by Texas Instruments is a PLL frequency synthesizer with 25 terminals, operating at 5V. It features a BICMOS technology, with a supply voltage range of 4.75V to 5.5V and max current of 32mA. Ideal for applications requiring precise frequency synthesis in temperature ranges from -10°C to 85°C.
SN74LV4046ANSG4
SN74LV4046ANSG4 by Texas Instruments is a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) IC with 16 terminals, operating at supply voltages of 3.3V/5V. It features a temperature range of -40 to 125°C and is suitable for automotive applications due to its CMOS technology and small outline package design.
LMX2531LQ1910E
LMX2531LQ1910E by Texas Instruments is a PLL frequency synthesizer with 36 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It features a nominal voltage of 3V, suitable for industrial applications requiring precise frequency synthesis in compact square chip carrier packages.
ADF4156BCPZ-RL
ADF4156BCPZ-RL by Analog Devices is a surface mount PLL frequency synthesizer with a nominal voltage of 3V. It has a max operating temperature of 85°C and is commonly used in industrial applications.
TRF3750IPWG4
TRF3750IPWG4 by Texas Instruments is a PLL Frequency Synthesizer with 16 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 3-3.6V and peak reflow temp of 260°C. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise frequency synthesis in compact designs.
LTC6902IMS
LTC6902IMS by Analog Devices is a PLL frequency synthesizer with 1 function, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V and comes in a small outline package suitable for industrial applications. This CMOS technology IC features dual terminals with tin-lead finish and gull wing form factor, making it ideal for frequency synthesis circuits requiring precise phase locked loops.
ADF4153BCPZ
Analog Devices' ADF4153BCPZ is a PLL frequency synthesizer with 20 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.7-3.3V and consumes up to 24mA. This square-shaped chip carrier is ideal for industrial applications requiring precise frequency synthesis in compact designs.
UC2634J
The Texas Instruments UC2634J is a PLL frequency synthesizer with 16 terminals, operating voltage of 8-15V. It features bipolar technology, ceramic-metal package material, and rectangular shape. Ideal for applications requiring precise frequency synthesis in temperature range -25 to 85°C.
HMC704LP4E
Analog Devices' HMC704LP4E is a PLL & Frequency Synthesis Circuit with 24 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 3-5V and consumes up to 58mA current. This BICMOS technology chip is ideal for industrial applications requiring precise frequency control in compact spaces.
CD74HC4046APWRE4
CD74HC4046APWRE4 by Texas Instruments is a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) & Frequency Synthesis Circuit with 1 function. It operates at a nominal voltage of 3V and has a small outline, thin profile package style. This IC is commonly used in applications requiring phase locked loops for frequency synthesis.
TLC2933IPWLE
TLC2933IPWLE by Texas Instruments is a PLL & Frequency Synthesis Circuit with 14 terminals, operating at 3V. It features a small outline package style and CMOS technology, suitable for commercial extended temperature applications. The IC has a dual terminal position and operates b/w -20 to 75 °C.
LMX2531LQX1500E/NOPB
LMX2531LQX1500E/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a PLL frequency synthesizer with 36 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage of 3V and consumes up to 46mA. This BICMOS technology chip carrier is ideal for industrial applications requiring precise frequency synthesis in compact designs.
CD74HC4046AM
General Electric Solid State
PLL or Frequency Synthesis Circuits; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
DS8907N
DS8907N by Texas Instruments is a PLL Frequency Synthesizer with 20 terminals, operating at 5V. It has a rectangular package style, suitable for commercial applications. With a temperature range of 0-70°C and max supply current of 160mA, it offers precise frequency synthesis in various electronic systems.
CD4046BE
Harris Semiconductor
PHASE LOCKED LOOP; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
TRF3761-BIRHARG4
TRF3761-BIRHARG4 by Texas Instruments is a PLL frequency synthesizer with 40 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 4.5-5.25V and peak reflow temp of 260°C. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise frequency synthesis in compact form factor.
74HCT4046AD,118
Nexperia
PLL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
CD74HC7046AM
CD74HC7046AM by Texas Instruments is a Phase Locked Loop IC with 16 terminals, operating voltage of 2-6V, and temperature range of -55 to 125°C. It is ideal for frequency synthesis circuits in military-grade applications due to its small outline package and low supply current of 0.16mA.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
CD74HCT4046AE
PLL or Frequency Synthesis Circuits; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
Thomson Consumer Electronics
Intersil
PHASE LOCKED LOOP; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
CD74HCT4046AE by Texas Instruments is a 16-terminal PLL & Frequency Synthesis Circuit with Vsup of 5V. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C and has a low Isup of 0.16 mA. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring precise frequency control in compact designs.
Rca Solid State
PHASE LOCKED LOOP; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
Rochester Electronics
PHASE LOCKED LOOP; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Supply Voltage (Vsup): 5 V;
CD74HC4046AM by Texas Instruments is a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) & Frequency Synthesis Circuit with 1 function. It operates at a nominal voltage of 3V and has a small outline package style. This IC is commonly used in military applications due to its temperature grade and moisture sensitivity level.
CD74HC4046APWR
PHASE LOCKED LOOP; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
CD74HC4046AE
CD74HC4046AE by Texas Instruments is a CMOS Phase Locked Loop IC with 16 terminals. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C, with Vsup ranging from 2V to 6V. Ideal for PLL & Frequency Synthesis Circuits, it has a low supply current of 0.16 mA and MILITARY temperature grade suitability.
PHASE LOCKED LOOP; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; Technology: CMOS;
CD74HC4046MX
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved