Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Defense Logistics Agency's 5962-8851805LA is a MILITARY-grade OTP ROM with 512X8 organization, operating at -55 to 125 °C. It features CERAMIC package, SYNCHRONOUS mode, and 24 terminals for parallel connection. Ideal for secure data storage in harsh environments.
Median Price
$1,398.440
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
8
In-Stock Inventory
< 1k
Arrow
1+ parts
100+ parts
$604.730
1k+ parts
-
10k+ parts
Verical
Nova Conductors
$748.870
Vyrian
Electronics Depot
Mil-Aero Solutions, Inc.
Quantum Digital Technology
Resion
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$5.260
AZTECH Wire
$17.080
Aranea Global
$733.893
$704.537
Continental Prestige Electronics
Argo Parts USA
$741.381
$726.404
Ampacity Inc.
$1,664.150
The ceramic and glass-sealed body material ensures durability and reliability, making this product suitable for harsh environments.
The synchronous operating mode allows for precise timing control and synchronization, enhancing the overall performance of the product.
The 5V nominal supply voltage ensures compatibility with a wide range of systems and devices, making this product versatile and easy to integrate.
The high maximum operating temperature of 125°C indicates that this product can withstand elevated temperatures without compromising its performance.
The low minimum operating temperature of -55°C ensures that this product can function effectively in extremely cold environments.
With a memory density of 4096 bit, this product offers ample storage capacity for data and instructions, making it suitable for a variety of applications.
OTP ROM 5962-8851805LA attributes and parameters. Explore more OTP ROM devices from Defense Logistics Agency
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Memory Density:
Memory IC Type:
Memory Width:
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
No. of Words:
No. of Words Code:
Operating Mode:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Organization:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Parallel or Serial:
Qualification:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
5962-8851805LA Memory ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.32.00.71
SB
8542.32.00.70
As the nation’s combat logistics support agency, the Defense Logistics Agency manages the end-to-end global defense supply chain – from raw materials to end user disposition – for the five military services, 11 combatant commands, other federal, state and local agencies and partner and allied nations. DLA’s mission is to “deliver readiness and lethality to the Warfighter Always and support our nation through quality, proactive global logistics.” To accomplish this mission, DLA has a staff of about 25,000 employees divided into multiple supply chains that contract for material and services across the military classes of supply, to include: subsistence (food/water), clothing and textiles, bulk petroleum and other energy products, construction material and equipment, personal demand items, medical material and equipment, and repair parts for land, sea and air systems.
SS14
Micro Commercial Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148WS
Vishay Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358M
Raytheon Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ULN2803ADWG4
Texas Instruments
ULN2803ADWG4 by Texas Instruments is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, open-collector output characteristics, and built-in transient protections. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C and has a max supply voltage of 3V. Ideal for applications requiring sink current flow direction in a small outline package style.
1N4148
Comchip Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
FDD5614P
Onsemi
FDD5614P by Onsemi is a P-CHANNEL Power FET with 60V DS Breakdown Voltage, ideal for SWITCHING applications. It features 45A IDM and 0.1 ohm RDS(ON), operating in ENHANCEMENT MODE at up to 175°C. The PLASTIC/EPOXY package with GULL WING terminals ensures efficient heat dissipation and reliable performance.
2N2222A
Semitronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
2N7002
Infineon Technologies
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Elements: 1; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .34 A;
LD1117S33TR
STMicroelectronics
LD1117S33TR by STMicroelectronics is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 3.3V and max output current of 1.3A. It has a small outline package style, operates at an adjustable temperature range from 0 to 125°C, and is ideal for applications requiring stable voltage regulation in compact electronic devices.
ROHM
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
BSS138
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
LL4148
Lite-on Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
Transys Electronics
FT232RL-REEL
FTDI
FTDI's FT232RL-REEL is a bus controller with 28 terminals, operating at 3.3V to 5.25V. It supports USB, VBUS, and UART buses with a data transfer rate of 60MBps. Ideal for industrial applications due to its CMOS technology and compatibility with RS232, RS422, and RS485 standards.
LM78L05ACMX/NOPB
LM78L05ACMX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a fixed positive single output standard regulator with an output voltage of 5V and max current of 0.1A. It operates b/w 0-125°C, has a dropout voltage of 1.6V, and can handle input voltages up to 30V making it ideal for various electronic applications requiring stable power supply.
Hitano Enterprise
ULN2803ADWRG4
ULN2803ADWRG4 by Texas Instruments is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, open-collector output, and built-in transient protection. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C with a max supply voltage of 3 V. Ideal for applications requiring sink current flow direction in a small outline package style.
BAV99
Philips Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Output Current: .1 A; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us;
FDV304P
Fairchild Semiconductor
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .46 A;
TBP18SA46MJ
TBP18SA46MJ by Texas Instruments is a MILITARY-grade OTP ROM with 512x8 organization and 4096-bit memory density. Featuring a max operating temperature of 125°C, it has an access time of 85ns. Ideal for applications requiring secure non-volatile memory storage in harsh environments.
TBP18S030JP4
TBP18S030JP4 by Texas Instruments is a 32x8 OTP ROM with 5V supply, 40ns access time, and 110mA max supply current. It is ideal for commercial applications requiring non-volatile memory storage in a ceramic rectangular package with through-hole terminals.
TBP24SA10J
TBP24SA10J by Texas Instruments is a 256x4 OTP ROM with 1024-bit memory density. Operating at 5V, it has a max access time of 65ns and operates in parallel mode. Ideal for commercial applications requiring fast and reliable non-volatile memory storage.
CY27C256-150JC
Rochester Electronics
CY27C256-150JC by Rochester Electronics is a 32KX8 OTP ROM with 262144 bit memory density. Operating at 5V, it has a max access time of 150ns and operates in commercial temperature grade. Ideal for applications requiring fast parallel data retrieval in electronic systems.
SN74S477NP3
SN74S477NP3 by Texas Instruments is a 1KX4 OTP ROM with 4096-bit memory density. It operates b/w 0-70°C, featuring TTL technology and an IN-LINE package style. Ideal for applications requiring non-volatile memory storage in commercial-grade environments.
SN54S188W
SN54S188W by Texas Instruments is a 32x8 OTP ROM with 50ns access time, operating b/w -55 to 125°C. It has a supply voltage of 5V and max current draw of 110mA. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring fast memory retrieval in a compact flatpack package.
HS1-6664RH-Q
Harris Semiconductor
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel;
5962-01-204-1660
Texas Instruments' 5962-01-204-1660 is a MILITARY-grade OTP ROM with 32x8 organization, 50ns access time, and 16 terminals. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C and has a supply voltage of 5V. Ideal for applications requiring fast memory access in harsh environments.
CBP18S030MJ
The Texas Instruments CBP18S030MJ is a MIL-STD-883 Class B OTP ROM with 32x8 organization, 50ns access time, and 16 terminals. It operates b/w -55 to 125°C and has a supply voltage of 5V. Ideal for military applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in harsh environments.
TBP24S10J
TBP24S10J by Texas Instruments is an OTP ROM with 256x4 organization, operating at 5V. It features a parallel interface, 55ns access time, and memory density of 1024 bit. Ideal for commercial applications requiring fast and reliable non-volatile memory storage.
SN74S188NP1
SN74S188NP1 by Texas Instruments is a 32x8 OTP ROM with 40ns max access time, operating at 5V. It has 16 terminals in an IN-LINE package style and uses TTL technology. Ideal for commercial applications requiring non-volatile memory storage.
SN74S474J4
SN74S474J4 by Texas Instruments is a 512x8 OTP ROM with 4096-bit memory density. It operates at a nominal voltage of 5V and has a max access time of 75ns. This IC, housed in a ceramic rectangular package, is ideal for commercial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage.
AT27C256R-70JU
Atmel
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Operating Mode: ASYNCHRONOUS;
SN54S475J
SN54S475J by Texas Instruments is a 512x8 OTP ROM with 4096-bit memory density and 85ns max access time. It operates in a temperature range of -55 to 125°C, making it suitable for military-grade applications requiring fast data retrieval. The package style is in-line ceramic with 24 terminals, ideal for through-hole mounting at a terminal pitch of 2.54mm.
DS2505P
Dallas Semiconductor
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: SOC; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
SN74S470JP4
SN74S470JP4 by Texas Instruments is a 256x8 OTP ROM with 2048-bit memory density. Operating at 5V, it has a max access time of 70ns and operates in commercial temperature grades. This TTL technology chip with through-hole terminals is ideal for applications requiring non-volatile memory storage.
SN74S476N1
SN74S476N1 by Texas Instruments is a 5V OTP ROM with 1KX4 organization and 4096-bit memory density. It operates b/w 0°C to 70°C, has an IN-LINE package style, and uses TTL technology. Ideal for applications requiring non-volatile memory storage in commercial-grade environments.
TBP24S81N
TBP24S81N by Texas Instruments is a 2KX4 OTP ROM with 8192 bit memory density. Operating at 5V, it has a max access time of 70ns and consumes up to 175mA. Ideal for commercial applications requiring fast parallel data retrieval in a compact IN-LINE package style.
DS2502P-E48+
Analog Devices
DS2502P-E48+ by Analog Devices is a 1KX1 OTP ROM with 1024-bit memory density. It operates at -40 to 85°C, with a supply voltage range of 2.8-6V. Ideal for industrial applications, it features serial interface and low standby current of 0.000005Amp.
SN74188AN
SN74188AN by Texas Instruments is a 32X8 OTP ROM with 5V supply, 110mA max current. Operating b/w 0-70°C, it has a 50ns access time and memory width of 8. Ideal for commercial applications requiring TTL technology in an IN-LINE package style.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
5962-8851806LA
Defense Logistics Agency
Defense Logistics Agency's 5962-8851806LA is a MILITARY-grade OTP ROM with 512X8 organization, operating at -55 to 125 °C. It features CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED RECTANGULAR package, SYNCHRONOUS mode, and 5V supply voltage. Ideal for applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in harsh environments.
Teledyne E2v (Uk)
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Length: 31.877 mm;
Qp Semiconductor
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words Code: 512;
Cypress Semiconductor
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: DUAL;
5962-8851805LA
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Power Supplies (V): 5;
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Standby Current: .12 Amp;
5962-8765102LA
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: -55 Cel;
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Finish: TIN LEAD;
Defense Logistics Agency's 5962-8765102LA is a MILITARY-grade OTP ROM with 1KX8 organization, 8192 bit memory density, and 45 ns access time. It operates at -55 to 125 °C, with a supply voltage of 4.5-5.5 V. Ideal for applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory in harsh environments.
5962-8863603LA
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Memory Width: 8;
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Input/Output Type: COMMON;
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE;
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; JESD-30 Code: R-GDIP-T24;
5962-01-143-5793
Advanced Micro Devices
5962-01-143-5793 by Advanced Micro Devices is a MILITARY-grade OTP ROM with 512x8 organization, 70ns access time, and 4096-bit memory density. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C and is ideal for high-reliability applications in military and aerospace sectors.
5962-01-143-5798
5962-01-143-5798 by Advanced Micro Devices is an OTP ROM with 512x8 organization, MILITARY grade, and 70ns access time. It is used in applications requiring reliable memory storage in harsh environments.
5962-01-085-7965
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Equivalence Code: DIP20,.3;
5962-01-053-0019
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 18; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words Code: 1K;
5962-88518053X
OTP ROM; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: QCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE; Qualification: Qualified;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved