Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup): 2.5 V;
Median Price
$3.296
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
11
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Renesas
1+ parts
$2.720
100+ parts
$2.145
1k+ parts
$1.904
10k+ parts
$1.771
Farnell
$3.072
$2.160
$1.941
-
Mouser Electronics
$3.520
$3.050
$2.810
$2.250
DigiKey
$3.041
$2.802
Newark
$2.980
$2.750
$2.640
Element14
$3.990
$3.740
Nova Conductors
$2.405
Digiode
$2.584
Martec Srl
Vyrian
Chip Stock
Continental Prestige Electronics
$1.830
$1.460
$1.310
Semicontronic
$2.310
$2.252
$2.241
Argo Parts USA
Corphita
$2.448
Component Stockers USA
$2.630
$2.080
$1.870
$1.690
Advanced Electronics
$3.047
$2.894
Corohmni
$3.187
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$5.116
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Microchip USA
Perfect Parts
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Supply Digital
Flash Memory AT45DB161E-SSHD2B-T attributes and parameters. Explore more Flash Memory devices from Adesto Technologies
Maximum Clock Frequency (fCLK):
Minimum Data Retention Time:
Endurance:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Memory Density:
Memory IC Type:
Memory Width:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
No. of Words:
No. of Words Code:
Operating Mode:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Organization:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Parallel or Serial:
Power Supplies (V):
Programming Voltage (V):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Serial Bus Type:
Maximum Standby Current:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Current:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Type:
Width:
Write Protection:
AT45DB161E-SSHD2B-T Memory ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.32.00.51
SB
8542.32.00.50
C1206C104K5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C1206C104K5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V rated DC voltage. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and ±10% tolerance. Ideal for SMT applications due to its rectangular package shape and wraparound terminals.
1N4148
Temic Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
EU2B-YS3203F
Idec
ROTARY SWITCH;
PIC18F4550-I/P
Microchip Technology
PIC18F4550-I/P by Microchip Technology is an 8-bit microcontroller with a max clock frequency of 48 MHz. It features 13-Ch 10-Bit ADC channels and USB connectivity, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring low power consumption and high-speed data processing. With 2048 RAM bytes and 256 Data EEPROM size, this CMOS technology-based microcontroller offers versatile performance in various embedded systems.
2N2222A
Taitron Components
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
LFXTAL025159REEL
Iqd Frequency Products
LFXTAL025159REEL by IQD Frequency Products is a 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator with 20 ppm frequency tolerance and 40,000 ohm series resistance. It is ideal for applications requiring precise timekeeping, such as real-time clocks in IoT devices or microcontrollers in wearables. The surface-mount design with a drive level of 1 uW makes it suitable for compact electronic systems.
SS14
Changzhou Starsea Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Baneasa S A
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Qualification: Not Qualified;
1N4148WS
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Bytesonic Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; No. of Elements: 1;
BAV99
Formosa Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
CL31B104KBCNNNC
Samsung Electro-mechanics
Samsung Electro-mechanics CL31B104KBCNNNC is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V rated DC voltage. It features X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and compact SMT package style. Ideal for applications requiring high reliability in compact electronic devices.
USBLC6-2SC6
STMicroelectronics
USBLC6-2SC6 by STMicroelectronics is a unidirectional transient voltage suppressor diode with a breakdown voltage of 6V. It has a max clamping voltage of 17V and operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C. This device, with dual terminals and matte tin finish, is ideal for protecting sensitive electronics from voltage spikes in various applications.
M39029/58-360
Tri-star Electronics International
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Material: COPPER ALLOY; MIL Conformity: YES; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-C-55302/69, MIL-C-38999; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT; Terminal Type: CRIMP;
LM107H/883C
Rochester Electronics
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Package Equivalence Code: CAN8,.2;
Swampscott Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LL4148
Sensitron Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
Molex
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Alternate Contact Sources: MILITARY; Removal Tool Sources: MILITARY; Material: COPPER ALLOY; National Stock Number (NSN): 5999004733551; Mating Contacts: M39029/56-348, M39029/57-354;
1N4148WT
Good-ark Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SMBJ18CA
Forward International Electronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.05 V; Maximum Clamping Voltage: 29.2 V; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V; Polarity: BIDIRECTIONAL;
S25FL512SAGBHI310
Infineon Technologies
Infineon's S25FL512SAGBHI310 is a 64MX8 NOR flash memory with 512753664-bit density. Operating at 3V, it supports SPI serial bus and offers 133MHz clock frequency. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high endurance with 100000 write/erase cycles.
S25FL128LAGMFV010
Cypress Semiconductor
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Operating Mode: SYNCHRONOUS;
W25N01GVZEIG
Winbond Electronics
W25N01GVZEIG by Winbond Electronics is a 1Gx1 SLC NAND flash memory with SPI serial bus type, operating at 104MHz clock frequency. It has a max supply voltage of 3.6V and endurance of 100K write/erase cycles. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact devices.
EPCQ256SI16N
Intel
Intel EPCQ256SI16N is a 256MX1 NOR Flash Memory with 268M words. Operating at 3.3V, it offers 100K Write/Erase cycles and supports Serial interface at up to 20MHz clock frequency. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high endurance and reliable data storage in a small outline package.
M25P64-VME6G
Numonyx
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HVSON; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Serial Bus Type: SPI;
S29JL032J70TFI320
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 48; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V): 3;
AT45DB081E-SHN-B
Adesto Technologies
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Operating Mode: SYNCHRONOUS;
S29JL032J70TFI020
Infineon's S29JL032J70TFI020 is a 32Mb NOR Flash Memory with 2Mx16 organization, operating at 3V. It features synchronous mode, industrial temperature grade, and parallel interface. Ideal for applications requiring fast access time, such as embedded systems and automotive electronics.
S29GL128P90FFIR20
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 64; Package Code: LBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Current: 110 mA;
LE25U40CMC-AH
Onsemi
LE25U40CMC-AH by Onsemi is a 512Kx8 NOR flash memory with SPI serial bus, operating at 2.5V/3.3V. It offers 100000 write/erase cycles, 40MHz clock frequency, and -40 to 85°C temperature range. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in a compact small outline package.
AT45DB641E-MHN-T
Dialog Semiconductor
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HVSON; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words Code: 64M;
W25Q80DVUXIETR
W25Q80DVUXIETR by Winbond Electronics is a 1MX8 NOR flash memory with SPI serial bus, operating at up to 104 MHz. It has a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 3.6V and offers 100000 write/erase cycles endurance. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact devices.
SST25VF080B-50-4I-S2AF
Silicon Storage Technology
FLASH; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; JESD-30 Code: S-PDSO-G8;
AT45DB321E-SHFHA-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Memory Width: 1;
SST25VF016B-50-4C-QAF
FLASH; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: VSON; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; JESD-609 Code: e4;
S25FL256LAGNFI010
S25FL256LAGNFI010 by Infineon Tech: NOR Flash Memory, 32MX8 organization, SPI serial bus type. Ideal for industrial applications with -40 to 85 °C operating temp range and 100000 write/erase cycles endurance. Compact chip carrier package style with 133 MHz clock frequency support.
AT25SF161-SSHD-T
AT25SF161-SSHD-T by Dialog Semiconductor is a 16MX1 NOR Flash Memory with 3V supply, 104 MHz clock frequency, and SPI serial bus. Ideal for industrial applications, it offers 100K write/erase cycles, -40 to 85°C operating range, and compact dimensions of 4.925mm x 3.9mm x 1.75mm.
SST26VF032BA-104I/SM
SST26VF032BA-104I/SM by Microchip Technology is a 32Mb NOR type flash memory with a max clock frequency of 104MHz. It operates at a nominal voltage of 3V and has a small outline package style. This memory IC is commonly used in industrial applications requiring high endurance and reliable data storage.
AM29F010B-70JF
Spansion
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Standby Current: .000005 Amp;
MT29F16G08ABACAWP-ITZ:C
Micron Technology
MT29F16G08ABACAWP-ITZ:C by Micron Technology is a 3.3V SLC NAND Flash Memory with 2GX8 organization, operating from -40 to 85 °C. It has a memory density of 17179869184 bit and is suitable for industrial applications requiring reliable, high-speed data storage in compact devices.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
AT45DB321E-SHF-T
Renesas Electronics
Renesas Electronics' AT45DB321E-SHF-T is a 32M Flash Memory IC with 85MHz clock frequency, operating at -40 to 85°C. It features synchronous operation, 3V programming voltage, and serial interface. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact form factor.
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words Code: 32M;
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: DUAL;
AT45DB321E-SHF-B
Renesas Electronics' AT45DB321E-SHF-B is a 32Mbit Flash Memory with 85MHz clock frequency, operating at -40 to 85°C. It features synchronous operation, 3V nominal voltage, and serial interface. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact designs.
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Parallel or Serial: SERIAL;
AT45DB321D-SU
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup): 3.6 V;
Atmel
AT45DB321D-SU by Atmel is a 32Mbit NOR type flash memory with SPI serial bus, offering 100000 write/erase cycles. It operates at 3V, has a max clock frequency of 66MHz, and is ideal for industrial applications requiring high endurance and reliable data storage.
AT45DB081E-SSHN-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup): 1.7 V;
Renesas Electronics AT45DB081E-SSHN-T is a 1MX8 NOR Flash Memory with 3.9mm width, SPI serial bus type, and 133MHz clock frequency. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high endurance of 100K write/erase cycles in a compact small outline package.
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V): 3;
AT45DB161E-SHD-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Type: NOR TYPE;
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE;
Silicon Labs
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel;
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Finish: NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD;
AT45DB161E-SHD-T by Renesas Electronics is a NOR type flash memory with 16Mx1 organization, SPI serial bus type, and 85MHz clock frequency. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C and has a write/erase endurance of 100K cycles. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact form factors.
AT45DB641E-SHN-T
Renesas Electronics' AT45DB641E-SHN-T is a 64M Flash Memory IC with 85MHz clock frequency, operating from -40 to 85°C. It features synchronous operation, serial interface, and 1.8V programming voltage. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data storage in compact designs.
AT45DB321E-SHF2B-T
FLASH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Functions: 1;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved