Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
OR GATE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Median Price
$0.864
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
4
In-Stock Inventory
< 1k
Mouser Electronics
1+ parts
$1.270
100+ parts
$0.592
1k+ parts
$0.386
10k+ parts
$0.276
Chip1Stop
-
$0.457
Bristol Electronics
$1.875
Microfarads
Component Stockers USA
$0.690
$0.580
Advanced Electronics
$20.098
$18.289
$16.480
Logic Gates TC74ACT32P(F) attributes and parameters. Explore more Logic Gates devices from Toshiba
JESD-30 Code:
Load Capacitance (CL):
Logic IC Type:
Maximum I (ol):
No. of Functions:
No. of Inputs:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Packing Method:
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Power Supplies (V):
Propagation Delay At Nominal Supply:
Propagation Delay (tpd):
Qualification:
Schmitt Trigger:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
TC74ACT32P(F) Logic ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
TOSHIBA, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, semiconductors, hard disk drives (HDD), printers, batteries, lighting, as well as IT solutions such as quantum cryptography which has been in development at Cambridge Research Laboratory, Toshiba Europe, located in the United Kingdom, now being commercialised.It was one of the biggest manufacturers of personal computers, consumer electronics, home appliances, and medical equipment. As a semiconductor company and the inventor of flash memory, Toshiba had been one of the top 10 in the chip industry until its flash memory unit was spun off as Toshiba Memory, later Kioxia, in the late 2010s.
LL4148
Taitron Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
261
Mercury Systems
Other Interface ICs; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
BAV99
Motorola
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Output Current: .1 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 70 V; JESD-609 Code: e0;
06035C103KAT2A
KYOCERA AVX
06035C103KAT2A by KYOCERA AVX is a SMT ceramic capacitor with 0.01uF capacitance and 50V URdc. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and 10% tolerance. Ideal for applications requiring compact surface mount capacitors with stable performance in a wide temperature range.
1N4148
Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; No. of Elements: 1;
ABS25-32.768KHZ-1-T
Abracon
Abracon's ABS25-32.768KHZ-1-T crystal oscillator offers 10 ppm frequency tolerance, 126% stability, and 50000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring 0.032768 MHz nominal operating frequency, such as IoT devices and precision timing systems.
SMBJ18CA
Concord Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.05 V; Polarity: BIDIRECTIONAL; Maximum Clamping Voltage: 29.2 V;
Goodwork Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Micronetics
MBR0530T1G
Onsemi
MBR0530T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.375V and output current of 0.5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 125°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high-speed switching in compact electronic devices like smartphones and tablets. The package style is small outline with gull wing terminals for surface mount assembly.
2N7002
General Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-236AB; Qualification: Not Qualified; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE;
Sinyork
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: .5 A; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V; No. of Phases: 1;
BSS138
Panjit International
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 3 ohm; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Terminal Form: GULL WING;
Vishay Telefunken
C0603C104K5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C0603C104K5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V URdc. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and ±10% tolerance. Ideal for SMT applications requiring compact size and reliable performance in various electronic circuits.
ERJ3EKF1002V
Panasonic
Panasonic's ERJ3EKF1002V is a fixed resistor with 10000 ohm resistance, 1% tolerance, and 0.1 W power dissipation. It operates b/w -55 to 155 °C and is ideal for surface mount applications in automotive electronics due to AEC-Q200 compliance.
Unisonic Technologies
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Vishay Semiconductors
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Toshiba
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
Semtech Electronics
74AHC1G14GW,125
Nexperia
INVERTER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74HC08DRE4
Texas Instruments
SN74HC08DRE4 by Texas Instruments is a logic gate with 4 functions and 2 inputs. It operates at a nominal voltage of 5V, with a propagation delay of 25ns. This CMOS technology device is ideal for industrial applications requiring fast signal processing in a small outline package.
74LVC1G11GW-Q100,125
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' 74LVC1G11GW-Q100,125 is a CMOS Logic Gate with 3 inputs and 21.5 ns propagation delay. AEC-Q100 screening makes it ideal for automotive applications, operating b/w -40 to 125 °C with supply voltage range of 1.65V to 5.5V in a small outline package measuring 2x1.25 mm.
NC7SZ32M5X
Fairchild Semiconductor
OR GATE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: LSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74LVC2G07DCKT
SN74LVC2G07DCKT by Texas Instruments is a logic gate with 2 functions and 1 input. It has a propagation delay of 3.7 ns and operates at a nominal voltage of 3.3V. This compact, surface-mount package is commonly used in automotive applications due to its small size and high temperature tolerance.
NC7SZ04P5X
INVERTER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74LVC1G06DBVR
SN74LVC1G06DBVR by Texas Instruments is a logic gate with 4.5 ns propagation delay, 3.3V nominal voltage, and 50 pF load capacitance. It is used in automotive applications for open-drain output characteristics, featuring a small outline package style and dual terminal position.
74LVC1G07GV,125
NXP Semiconductors' 74LVC1G07GV,125 is a CMOS logic gate with open-collector output. It operates at 1.8V nominal voltage and has a propagation delay of 8.4ns. With a small outline package style, it is ideal for automotive applications requiring high-speed signal processing in compact spaces.
SN74LVC1G14DCKT
SN74LVC1G14DCKT by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with Schmitt Trigger feature. It operates at 3.3V, has 5 terminals, and offers a propagation delay of 11ns. Ideal for automotive applications due to its small size, low power consumption (0.01mA), and wide temperature range (-40 to 125°C).
SN74LVC1G08DBVTE4
SN74LVC1G08DBVTE4 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 2 inputs, 8 ns propagation delay, and 3.3 V nominal voltage. It is used in automotive applications due to its low profile package style and dual terminal position, making it suitable for compact designs requiring fast signal processing.
74HC1G14GW,125
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC1G14GW,125 is a CMOS logic gate with Schmitt Trigger feature. It operates at a supply voltage range of 2-6V and has a propagation delay of 190ns. With a small outline package style, it is ideal for automotive applications requiring fast signal processing in compact spaces.
74LVC1G17GW,125
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NC7SZ04M5X
The Onsemi NC7SZ04M5X is a CMOS logic gate with 5.2ns propagation delay, suitable for industrial applications. Operating at 1.8V to 3.3V, it has a load capacitance of 15pF and can handle up to 24A max I (ol). This small outline package with matte tin finish is ideal for compact electronic designs requiring fast signal processing.
M74VHC1GT08DFT1G
M74VHC1GT08DFT1G by Onsemi is a logic gate with 2 inputs, 3.3V nominal voltage, and 11ns propagation delay. It is used in applications requiring fast signal processing and operates within a temperature range of -55 to 125°C. The package style is small outline with thin profile, making it suitable for compact electronic designs.
SN74LVC1G86DBVRE4
SN74LVC1G86DBVRE4 by Texas Instruments is a logic gate with 2 inputs, 5 terminals, and a propagation delay of 9.9 ns at 1.8V supply voltage. It is designed for automotive applications, operates b/w -40 to 125°C, and has a max power supply current of 0.015 mA.
SN74LVC1G08DCK
SN74LVC1G08DCK by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 2 inputs, 1 function, and 8ns propagation delay. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C) with supply voltage from 1.65V to 5.5V. This small outline package is ideal for compact electronic applications requiring fast signal processing.
CD4011BE
Rca Solid State
NAND GATE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
CD4025BE
CD4025BE by Texas Instruments is a CMOS logic gate with 3 functions and inputs. It operates at a nominal voltage of 5V, with a propagation delay of 250ns. Suitable for military-grade applications, it has a max operating temperature of 125°C and can handle up to 18V supply voltage.
HEF4093BT-Q100,118
HEF4093BT-Q100,118 by NXP Semiconductors is a CMOS Logic Gates IC with 4 functions and 2 inputs. It operates at 5V with a propagation delay of 185ns, suitable for automotive applications due to AEC-Q100 screening. The package is small outline, surface mountable, and has a temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.
74LVC2G14GW/C,125
NXP Semiconductors' 74LVC2G14GW/C,125 is a CMOS Logic Gate with Schmitt Trigger. It operates at 1.8V nominal voltage and has 2 functions. With a propagation delay of 12ns, it's ideal for automotive applications due to its wide temperature range (-40°C to 125°C).
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
TC74VHC14FT(EL,M)
Toshiba's TC74VHC14FT(EL,M) is a CMOS logic gate with 6 functions, operating at a supply voltage range of 2-5.5V. It has a propagation delay of 18.5ns and can withstand temperatures from -40 to 85°C. Ideal for industrial applications requiring fast signal processing in compact designs.
TC74VHC14FT(EL)
Toshiba's TC74VHC14FT(EL) logic gates feature 6 functions with a propagation delay of 12ns at 5V. With a load capacitance of 50pF, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C, making it suitable for industrial applications requiring Schmitt Trigger technology and a max supply voltage of 5.5V.
TC74VHC14FT(EL,K)
Toshiba's TC74VHC14FT(EL,K) logic gates feature 6 functions with a propagation delay of 12 ns at 5V. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C and supports a supply voltage range of 2-5.5V. With Schmitt Trigger technology, this CMOS device is surface mountable in a small outline package.
TC74VHC14FT(EK2,M)
Toshiba's TC74VHC14FT(EK2,M) is a CMOS logic gate with 6 functions, operating b/w -40 to 85 °C. It has a propagation delay of 18.5 ns and supports supply voltages from 2-5.5 V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring compact design and fast signal processing in surface-mount technology.
TC74VHC14FT
Toshiba's TC74VHC14FT logic gates feature 6 functions with a propagation delay of 12 ns at 3.3V supply, suitable for industrial applications. With Schmitt Trigger technology and a max operating temperature of 85°C, it offers fast response times and reliability in various electronic circuits. This surface-mount device has a small outline package with dual terminals, making it ideal for compact designs requiring high-speed signal processing.
TC74VHC14FT(ELK,M)
Toshiba's TC74VHC14FT(ELK,M) logic gate has a 12ns propagation delay at 5V, suitable for industrial applications. It features Schmitt Trigger technology, with a max operating temperature of 85°C. With a load capacitance of 50pF and dual terminal position, it is ideal for surface mount designs requiring fast response times.
TC74HC03AP(F)
TC74HC14AP(F)
INVERTER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TC74HC03AP
The Toshiba TC74HC03AP is a CMOS logic gate with 4 functions and 2 inputs. It has a propagation delay of 19 ns at 5V, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring fast response times. With an operating temperature range of -40 to 85°C, this device in PLASTIC/EPOXY package is suitable for various electronic circuits.
TC74VHC08FT(EL,M)
AND GATE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TC74VHC08FT-EL
Toshiba's TC74VHC08FT-EL is a CMOS logic gate with 4 functions and 2 inputs. It operates at a supply voltage range of 2-5.5V, offering fast propagation delay of 9ns and low power consumption. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed signal processing in compact designs due to its small outline package and dual terminal position.
TC74VHC08FT
TC74VHC08F
AND GATE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TC74VHC08F(EL,K,F)
TC74VHC08FK
Toshiba's TC74VHC08FK logic gate has 4 functions, 2 inputs, and a propagation delay of 9 ns at 3.3V. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C with a load capacitance of 50 pF. This surface-mountable chip in a small outline package is suitable for various electronic designs.
TC74VHC08FK(EL,K)
AND GATE;
TC74VHC08FN
TC74VHC08FS
AND GATE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: LSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TC74LCX07FT
BUFFER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TC74AC14F(EL,F)
TC74AC14F(EL,F) by Toshiba is a logic gate with 6 functions and 1 input. It has a propagation delay of 15 ns and operates at power supplies of 3.3/5V. This small outline package is commonly used in industrial applications requiring Schmitt trigger technology.
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved