Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
The Texas Instruments AD3421QRWETQ1 is a 12-bit ADC with 4 analog in channels, 25 MHz sample rate, and 71 mA max supply current. Designed for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125°C and has a compact square package with a low seated height of 0.9 mm.
Median Price
$31.636
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
5
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Texas Instruments
1+ parts
$28.537
100+ parts
$24.927
1k+ parts
$17.191
10k+ parts
-
Mouser Electronics
$45.290
$32.720
$31.640
DigiKey
Digiode
$27.110
Vyrian
Native Components
$0.211
$0.202
Northwest PG Solutions
$0.232
$0.204
AZTECH Wire
$8.130
$7.810
$7.650
$7.500
Parana Technologies
$23.456
$24.091
Corphita
$25.683
DigiPath Technology Company
$25.828
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$26.355
$25.037
$23.720
ChromeModa Solutions
$21.611
Microchip USA
$57.910
$56.900
$56.390
$55.890
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Robosynatics
Lucentia Tech
$21.668
$20.065
Having 4 analog input channels allows for the conversion of multiple analog signals simultaneously, making this product versatile for various applications.
Surface mount capability enables easy and efficient integration onto circuit boards, saving space and simplifying manufacturing processes.
AEC-Q100 screening ensures high reliability and performance standards, making this product suitable for automotive applications where durability is crucial.
With 12 bits of resolution, this ADC can provide accurate conversion of analog signals into digital data, offering precise measurement capabilities.
The high maximum operating temperature allows for usage in harsh environments without compromising performance, making it ideal for automotive and industrial applications.
The low nominal supply voltage requirement enhances energy efficiency and extends battery life in portable or low-power applications.
A serial output format simplifies data transmission and integration with digital systems, enabling seamless communication between the ADC and other components.
Analog-to-Digital Converters AD3421QRWETQ1 attributes and parameters. Explore more Analog-to-Digital Converters devices from Texas Instruments
Converter Type:
No. of Analog In Channels:
No. of Functions:
No. of Bits:
Output Bit Code:
Output Format:
Sample Rate:
Minimum Analog Input Voltage:
Maximum Analog Input Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Maximum Supply Current:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Temperature Grade:
Peak Reflow Temperature:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature:
Terminal Position:
No. of Terminals:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Surface Mount:
Width:
Length:
Maximum Seated Height:
Package Style:
Package Shape:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Code:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Screening Level:
AD3421QRWETQ1 Converters trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
PCN Design/Specification - AD3421-Q1 23/Jun/2020
Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is one of the world's leading semiconductor companies and a global leader in analog and digital signal processing technology. The company has had a major impact on the electronics industry for over 80 years, manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs), software and subsystems that leverage high-performance computing capabilities. It offers an extensive portfolio of solutions for a wide range of industries, from aerospace to medical devices and consumer products to communication systems. Over its long history, TI has become synonymous with quality, reliability and innovation. Today, TI is one of the largest semiconductor companies in the world with operations in more than 30 countries across six continents.
President, CEO
Haviv Ilan
Chairman
Richard K. Templeton
Senior VP, CFO
Rafael R. Lizardi
M - Fab
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1997
USA
South Portland
Wafer Capacity
32,000
D - FAB
1966
Dallas
42,000
D MOS - 6
2002
25,000
D MOS - 5
1995
75,000
Miho - 8
1980
Japan
Inashiki
43,000
S FAB 1
Sherman
91,000
F - FAB
2001
Germany
Freising
37,000
R Fab 1
2010
Richardson
40,000
D HC Line
1999
2,000
JV3
Aizu Wakamatsu
45,000
C - FAB
2007
China
Chengdu
30,000
L - Fab
2015
Lehi
70,000
R - Fab 2
2022
S - FAB 2
2025
S - FAB 3
2028
CRG0805F10R
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's CRG0805F10R is a 10 ohm fixed resistor with 1% tolerance and 0.125 W power dissipation. It features thick film technology, SMT package style, and matte tin over nickel terminal finish. Ideal for surface mount applications in electronics, offering a temperature coefficient of 200 ppm/°C and operating voltage of 150 V.
2N7002
Supertex
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss): 5 pF;
1N4148
Central Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
2N2222A
New Jersey Semiconductor Products
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Package Shape: ROUND;
BAV99
Kec
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
PIC18F4550-I/ML
Microchip Technology
The Microchip Technology PIC18F4550-I/ML is an 8-bit microcontroller with a max clock frequency of 48 MHz. It features 13-Ch 10-Bit ADC channels and USB connectivity, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data processing and analog-to-digital conversion. With low power mode and flash ROM programmability, this chip offers efficient performance in compact designs.
MBR0520LT1
Onsemi
MBR0520LT1 by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.385V and output current of 0.5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 125°C, making it suitable for applications requiring low power consumption in compact electronic devices. This single-configured diode is surface mountable and has a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 20V, ideal for small outline package designs.
Sangdest Microelectronics (Nanjing)
ATMEGA328P-AU
Atmel
MICROCONTROLLER, RISC; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: TQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
M39029/58-360
Positronic Industries
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT; DIN Conformity: NO; National Stock Number (NSN): 5999004733551; Mating Contacts: M39029/56-348, M39029/57-354; Contact Type: CRIMP REAR RELEASE;
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
LM317T
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; JESD-30 Code: R-PSFM-T3; Adjustability: ADJUSTABLE; Package Equivalence Code: SIP3,.1TB;
Cheng-yi Electronic
Silicon Standard
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 7.5 ohm; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
SMBJ18CA
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Jgd Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 70 V; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
BSS138DW-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
BSS138DW-7-F by Diodes Incorporated is a N-channel small signal FET with a min DS breakdown voltage of 50V. It is used for switching applications and operates in enhancement mode. This surface mount transistor has a max drain current of 0.2A and a max power dissipation of 0.2W.
Fairchild Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's BAV99 diode features a max forward voltage of 1.3V and a max output current of 0.15A, making it ideal for rectification applications. With a small outline package style and dual terminal position, this series-connected diode is designed for surface mount usage in various electronic circuits with an operating temperature range from -55°C to 150°C.
World Products
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2493CDE#PBF
Linear Technology
ADC, DELTA-SIGMA; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: HVSON; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2449CUHF#PBF
Analog Devices
LTC2449CUHF#PBF by Analog Devices is a 24-bit ADC with 16 analog input channels. It operates at temperatures from 0 to 70°C and has a max conversion time of 170 ms. Ideal for applications requiring high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion in commercial-grade environments.
ADS7809UE4
The Texas Instruments ADS7809UE4 is a 16-bit ADC with 0.0046% EL, 5V supply, and 0.1 MHz sample rate. Ideal for industrial applications, it features a CMOS technology, operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, and has a compact rectangular package style.
AD7894ARZ-10REEL
AD7894ARZ-10REEL by Analog Devices is a 14-bit ADC with 5V supply, 87.5 MHz sample rate, and 0.0122% linearity error. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed data conversion in a compact package. With a small outline design and serial output format, it offers precise analog-to-digital conversion for various electronic systems.
ADS1112IDGST
ADS1112IDGST by Texas Instruments is a 16-bit ADC with 3 analog input channels. It operates at a supply voltage of 5V and has a max conversion time of 0.0041us. This ADC is commonly used in industrial applications for precise analog-to-digital conversion.
LTC2402CMS#PBF
LTC2402CMS#PBF by Analog Devices is a 24-bit ADC with 0.0083% linearity error. It has 2 analog in channels, operates at -40 to 85°C, and supports a max analog input voltage of 5.512V. Ideal for precision measurement applications requiring high resolution and accuracy in a compact form factor.
ADS1252U/2K5
ADS1252U/2K5 by Texas Instruments is a 24-bit ADC with 0.0015% EL, 5V supply, and 0.041 MHz sample rate. Ideal for industrial applications, it features a CMOS technology, SERIAL output format, and operates in -40 to 85 °C temperature range.
ADS1118IDGST
Texas Instruments ADS1118IDGST is a 16-bit ADC with 4 analog in channels, 0.0015% linearity error, and 0.00086 MHz sample rate. Ideal for automotive applications due to its small size, low power consumption, and high accuracy in temperature monitoring systems.
LTC1865CMS#PBF
ADC, SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
MCP3421A0T-E/CH
MCP3421A0T-E/CH by Microchip: 18-bit ADC with 0.0035% linearity error, 2.048V max analog input voltage, and 0.00024 MHz sample rate. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise analog-to-digital conversion in a compact package.
ADS8341EB
Burr-Brown Corporation
ADC, SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Functions: 1;
ADS8568SPMR
Texas Instruments ADS8568SPMR is a 16-bit ADC with 8 analog in channels, 0.0069% EL, and 1.7us conversion time. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates at -40 to 125 °C with a sample rate of 0.5 MHz and supports serial/parallel output formats.
ADS1278IPAPTG4
ADS1278IPAPTG4 by Texas Instruments is a 24-bit ADC with 8 analog input channels, 0.144 MHz sample rate, and 0.0012% max linearity error. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high precision data acquisition in a compact package. Operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 105°C with low power consumption of 145 mA at max supply voltage of 5V.
LTC1865LIMS#PBF
ADC, SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
ADS8568SRGCT
The Texas Instruments ADS8568SRGCT is a 16-bit ADC with 8 analog input channels, operating at a sample rate of 0.5 MHz. It features a max linearity error of 0.0061%, suitable for automotive applications due to its temperature grade and low supply voltage requirements. This surface-mount chip carrier package has a compact size of 9x9 mm, making it ideal for space-constrained designs in various industrial settings.
LTC2380IMS-24#PBF
ADC, SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ADS1278SHKP
Texas Instruments ADS1278SHKP is a 24-bit ADC with 8 analog in channels, 0.144 MHz sample rate, and 0.0014% max linearity error. Ideal for military applications due to its MIL-TEMP grade, it offers 5V nominal voltage and supports serial, parallel output formats.
LTC2440IGN
LTC2440IGN by Analog Devices is a 24-bit ADC with 0.0015% linearity error, 0.35 MHz sample rate, and 170000 us conversion time. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise analog-to-digital conversion in a compact package.
ADC128S052CIMTX/NOPB
National Semiconductor
LTC2420IS8#TRPBF
LTC2420IS8#TRPBF by Analog Devices is a 20-bit ADC with 0.1375% linearity error, operating from -40 to 85 °C. It features a small outline package and GULL WING terminals, suitable for industrial applications requiring precise analog-to-digital conversion within a temperature range of -40 to 85 °C.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
CC2662R1FTWRGZRQ1
CC2662R1FTWRGZRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a 32-bit microcontroller with Cortex-M4F CPU, 48 MHz clock frequency, and 81920 bytes of RAM. Ideal for industrial applications, it features 8 ADC channels, 32 DMA channels, and peripherals like AES and PWM for efficient system integration.
UCC27284DRCR
UCC27284DRCR by Texas Instruments is a MOSFET gate driver with 2 channels, capable of handling a max output current of 3.5A. It operates in automotive-grade temperatures (-40 to 125°C) and has a turn-on/off time of 30µs. This chip carrier package with very thin profile is suitable for high side driver applications requiring fast switching speeds.
DRV3255EPAPRQ1
DRV3255EPAPRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a Motion Control IC with 64 terminals, operating at -40 to 150°C. It is an AEC-Q100 compliant automotive-grade IC for Brushless DC Motor control, supporting supply voltages from 5V to 90V and output currents up to 3.5A. The package style includes a flatpack with heat sink/slug, suitable for surface mount applications in automotive systems.
DRV8316RRGFR
DRV8316RRGFR by Texas Instruments is a motion control IC with a rectangular package and a terminal form of gull wing. It has a max output current of 8A and can operate at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C. This IC is commonly used as a brushless DC motor controller in automotive applications.
TPS7A4301DGQR
TPS7A4301DGQR by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output LDO regulator with a max output voltage of 14.5V and a dropout voltage of 0.6V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact spaces.
LMR43610MSC3RPERQ1
LMR43610MSC3RPERQ1 by Texas Instruments is a 9-terminal switching regulator with a max output voltage of 32V and max output current of 1A. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 150°C, featuring a buck switcher config and PWM control mode at up to 2200kHz frequency.
DS160PT801ACBR
DS160PT801ACBR by Texas Instruments is a bus controller IC with 339 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It supports PCI bus compatibility with a data transfer rate of 2000 MBps. This CMOS technology device has a thin profile and fine pitch package suitable for industrial applications.
AD3421QRWERQ1
ADC, PROPRIETARY METHOD; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 56; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved