Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC541D,652 is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 35 ns at 5V. It features a TRUE output polarity and operates in the temperature range of -40 to 125°C. This CMOS technology chip is ideal for automotive applications requiring fast signal transmission.
Median Price
$0.225
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
20
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Adafruit Industries
1+ parts
100+ parts
$0.213
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
-
Rochester
$0.573
$0.476
$0.424
Verical
$0.595
$0.530
Avnet
$0.155
Farnell
$0.180
Flip Electronics
$0.043
Nova Conductors
$0.203
Digiode
$0.214
Chip Stock
Vyrian
VNN
Anansix
A&K Electronics
Rotakorn
Bristol Electronics
LIBRA Elektronik GmbH
SIE Connect GmbH - GreenChips
PC Components Company LLC
Greenchips
Inventory MP
Ampacity Inc.
$0.153
Semicontronic
$0.149
$0.148
Corphita
$0.202
Argo Parts USA
$0.197
Netroflash
$0.199
Corohmni
$0.218
Advanced Electronics
AZTECH Wire
$0.250
Andel Nordic
$2.120
$2.035
Microchip USA
$12.467
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$27.810
Perfect Parts
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
UNI Independent Distributors
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Supply Digital
Robosynatics
Continental Prestige Electronics
GreenTree Electronics
Assy Fe
The plastic/epoxy package body material makes the product lightweight and durable, suitable for use in various environments.
Low propagation delay ensures fast and efficient transmission of signals, making this product ideal for high-speed communication applications.
Surface mount capability allows for easy and secure installation on PCBs, saving space and reducing assembly time.
Operating at a standard 5V supply voltage makes this product compatible with a wide range of systems and easy to integrate.
True output polarity ensures accurate signal transmission, reducing the risk of errors in data communication.
High maximum operating temperature allows for reliable operation in harsh environmental conditions, making this product suitable for automotive applications.
Bus Driver & Transceivers 74HC541D,652 attributes and parameters. Explore more Bus Driver & Transceivers devices from NXP Semiconductors
Additional Features:
Control Type:
Family:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Load Capacitance (CL):
Logic IC Type:
Maximum I (ol):
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Bits:
No. of Functions:
No. of Ports:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Output Characteristics:
Output Polarity:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Power Supplies (V):
Propagation Delay At Nominal Supply:
Propagation Delay (tpd):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Width:
74HC541D,652 Logic ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
NXP is a leading semiconductor company that creates cutting-edge technology to power secure connections in a smarter world. Founded in 2006, they have grown to become one of the top five global semiconductor companies and serve their customers in over 70 countries around the world.
Executive Director, President, CEO
Kurt Sievers
Executive VP, CFO
Bill Betz
Executive VP, Chief Sales Officer
Ron Martino
ICN8
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1996
Netherlands
Nijmegen
Wafer Capacity
55,000
ATMC (Austin Tech & Mfg Center)
1995
USA
Austin
30,000
N/A
1989
Germany
Boeblingen
CHD
1993
Chandler
OHTC
1991
24,000
New Expansion Fab
2026
ECHO
2020
10,000
M85049/85-08W02
Amphenol
CIRCULAR CONN ACCESSORY; Shell Sizes: 8; 9; IEC Conformity: NO; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: BAND LOCK ADAPTER; MIL Conformity: YES; DIN Conformity: NO;
EU2B-YS303C
Idec
ROTARY SWITCH;
2N2222A
Loras Industries
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
MMBT3904LT1G
Onsemi
MMBT3904LT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT with max. collector-emitter voltage of 40V, hFE of 30, and fT of 300MHz. Ideal for small signal applications in electronics due to its compact size, high transition frequency, and low power dissipation capabilities.
LL4148-GS08
Vishay Telefunken
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
NE555DR
Texas Instruments
NE555DR by Texas Instruments is an Analog Waveform Generation IC with 8 terminals, operating voltage of 5V, and power supplies ranging from 5-15V. It is a versatile component for pulse generation applications due to its small outline package and commercial temperature grade suitability.
SMBJ18CA
Rectron
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Pro-an Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM358N
Motorola
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
STM8S003F3P6TR
STMicroelectronics
STM8S003F3P6TR by STMicroelectronics is an 8-bit microcontroller with a max clock frequency of 16 MHz. It features 1024 RAM bytes, 128 data EEPROM size, and 5-ch 10-bit ADC channels. Ideal for industrial applications requiring low power mode and connectivity via I2C, SPI, and UART interfaces.
M39029/58-360
Tri-star Electronics International
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Material: COPPER ALLOY; MIL Conformity: YES; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-C-55302/69, MIL-C-38999; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT; Terminal Type: CRIMP;
M24308/2-1F
Souriau-sunbank Connection Technologies
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Body Length: 1.228 inch; Mounting Type: CABLE AND PANEL; Termination Type: CRIMP;
Gulf Semiconductor
Hitachi
Infineon Technologies
BAT54C-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
BAT54C-7-F by Diodes Inc. is a Schottky rectifier diode with common cathode, 2 elements, and max forward voltage of 0.24V. Ideal for applications requiring fast reverse recovery time of 0.005 us, such as in small outline packages for surface mount technology at temperatures ranging from -65 to 150°C.
NE555D
Fairchild Semiconductor
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
1N4148WS
Surge Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
FDLL4148
FDLL4148 by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us. With a max forward voltage of 1V and output current of 0.2A, it is ideal for applications requiring fast switching speeds in electronic circuits. The diode's glass package body material and isolated case connection make it suitable for surface mount designs operating at temperatures up to 175°C.
BAV99
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74LVC125APWTG4
SN74LVC125APWTG4 by Texas Instruments is a 4-function bus driver with 6ns propagation delay, operating at 1.8V nominal voltage. It features a small outline package and is suitable for automotive applications requiring true output polarity and 3-state output characteristics.
SN74LVC126APWR
SN74LVC126APWR by Texas Instruments is a 4-function bus driver with 6ns propagation delay at 1.8V, suitable for automotive applications. It operates at a max supply voltage of 3.6V and features a small outline package style with dual terminal position. The device has a true output polarity and supports enable high control type, making it ideal for various transceiver applications.
NC7WZ240K8X
The Onsemi NC7WZ240K8X is a CMOS bus driver with 2 functions, offering a propagation delay of 6 ns and a load capacitance of 50 pF. It is commonly used in industrial applications due to its small outline package and low power supply voltage requirement.
SN74LS373N
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
74LVC1G125GW-Q100
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' 74LVC1G125GW-Q100 is a CMOS bus driver with 6ns propagation delay, suitable for automotive applications. It operates at 3.3V, has a load capacitance of 50pF, and features a max I (ol) of 24Amp. This small outline package with dual terminals is AEC-Q100 compliant and supports TRUE output polarity.
SN74LS245NDS
SN74LS245NDS by Motorola is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 12ns. It operates at a nominal voltage of 5V and has a temperature range of 0-70°C. This TTL technology transceiver is commonly used in bidirectional applications requiring true output polarity control.
SN74HC244DW
SN74HC244DW by Texas Instruments is a 20-terminal bus driver with 29ns propagation delay, suitable for industrial applications. It operates at a nominal voltage of 5V and has a max operating temperature of 85°C. With dual terminal position and true output polarity, it offers reliable performance in various electronic systems.
SN74AVC1T45DCKRE4
SN74AVC1T45DCKRE4 by Texas Instruments is a bus driver & transceiver with 5.6 ns propagation delay, operating at 1.5/3.3V supply voltage for bidirectional communication in industrial applications. It features a small outline package with 6 terminals and supports a load capacitance of 15 pF, making it suitable for high-speed data transmission in compact designs.
74LCX245MTC
74LCX245MTC by Onsemi is an 8-bit bus driver with 7ns propagation delay at 2.5V, suitable for industrial applications. It features a max I (ol) of 24A, operates b/w -40 to 85°C, and has a package style of small outline thin profile. The device supports bidirectional communication with dual terminal position and common control.
NC7SZ125P5X
The Onsemi NC7SZ125P5X is a 5-terminal bus driver with a propagation delay of 11.5 ns and operates at a nominal voltage of 1.8V. It features a small outline package, suitable for industrial applications requiring true output polarity and low enable control type in compact designs.
SN74LVC125ADBRG4
SN74LVC125ADBRG4 by Texas Instruments is a 4-function bus driver with 6ns propagation delay at 1.8V, suitable for automotive applications. It features a 3-STATE output, operates b/w -40 to 125°C, and has a max supply voltage of 3.6V. With a small outline package style and dual terminal position, it offers reliable performance in compact designs.
SN74HCT541NSR
SN74HCT541NSR by Texas Instruments is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 29ns at 5V. It features a 3-STATE output and operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C). Suitable for applications requiring true output polarity control, such as data communication systems.
74LVC245APW,118
Nexperia
BUS TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
V62/12667-01XE
V62/12667-01XE by Texas Instruments is a Bus Driver & Transceiver with 10.2 ns Propagation Delay, 8-bit No. of Bits, and 3.3V Power Supplies. It is ideal for military applications due to its MILITARY Temperature Grade, TRUE Output Polarity, and COMMON CONTROL Control Type.
NC7WZ125K8X
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: VSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74LVC125APWG4
SN74LVC125APWG4 by Texas Instruments is a 14-terminal CMOS bus driver with 4 functions and 3-STATE output characteristics. It operates at a nominal voltage of 1.8V, has a propagation delay of 6ns, and can handle load capacitance up to 50pF. Ideal for automotive applications due to its temperature grade and thin profile package style.
74LVC1G125GW,125
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74LVC1T45DCKTG4
SN74LVC1T45DCKTG4 by Texas Instruments is a bus driver & transceiver with 17.7 ns propagation delay, operating at 1.8V supply voltage. It features a small outline package, 3-state output characteristics, and bidirectional control type. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable signal translation in compact designs.
SN74AXC4T774RSVR
SN74AXC4T774RSVR by Texas Instruments is a 4-bit bus driver with 3-STATE output characteristics. It operates at a supply voltage range of 0.65V to 3.6V and has a max operating temperature of 125°C, making it suitable for automotive applications. With a propagation delay of 221ns and low power supply current of 0.04mA, this chip carrier is ideal for compact designs requiring fast signal transmission.
SN74LS244NS
SN74LS244NS by Motorola is a TTL technology bus driver with 2 functions, 4 bits, and 3-STATE output characteristics. It operates at a supply voltage of 5V with a propagation delay of 18ns. Ideal for applications requiring true output polarity control in commercial temperature grades.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
74HC540D
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC540D is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 30ns at 5V. It features a small outline package, operates b/w -40 to 125°C, and supports automotive applications. The device has dual terminals, inverted output polarity, and enables low control type for efficient signal transmission in various electronic systems.
Philips Semiconductors
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Toshiba
74HC244D,653
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC244D,653 is a CMOS bus driver with 2 functions, 4 bits, and 3-STATE output. It operates at -40 to 125 °C with a propagation delay of 33 ns at Vsup of 5V. Ideal for automotive applications due to its small outline package and low power consumption.
74HCT125PW,118
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NXP Semiconductors' 74HCT125PW,118 is a CMOS bus driver with 4 functions and 38 ns propagation delay at 5V. It operates in automotive-grade conditions, featuring a small outline package with dual terminals for surface mounting applications. The device supports true output polarity and 3-STATE characteristics, making it ideal for various transceiver applications requiring low enable control.
74HC1G125GW,125
74HC573D,653
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC573D,653 is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 45ns at 5V. It features a small outline package, operates b/w -40 to 125°C, and has a max seated height of 2.65mm. Ideal for automotive applications requiring true output polarity and dual terminal position.
74HCT125D,653
NXP Semiconductors' 74HCT125D,653 is a CMOS bus driver with 4 functions and 3-STATE output. It operates at a supply voltage of 5V, has a propagation delay of 38ns, and can handle up to 6A current. Ideal for automotive applications due to its temperature grade and small outline package style.
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
74HC540D,653
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC540D,653 is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 30ns at 5V. It features a small outline package and operates in the temperature range of -40 to 125°C. Ideal for automotive applications due to its inverted output polarity and enable low control type.
74HC540DB,118
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC540DB,118 is an 8-bit bus driver with a supply voltage of 5V and propagation delay of 30ns. It features a small outline package and is ideal for automotive applications requiring inverted output polarity and dual terminal position.
BUS DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
74HC540D,652
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC540D,652 is an 8-bit bus driver with a propagation delay of 30ns at 5V. It features a small outline package and operates in the temperature range of -40 to 125°C. Ideal for automotive applications requiring inverted output polarity and low enable control.
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved