Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
AUDIO/VIDEO SWITCH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: QCCN; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
Median Price
$0.521
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
13
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Adafruit Industries
1+ parts
$18.752
100+ parts
$18.565
1k+ parts
-
10k+ parts
Rochester
$0.502
$0.417
$0.371
Verical
$0.464
DigiKey
$0.630
Farnell
$0.501
Digiode
$0.391
Nova Conductors
$0.427
Bristol Electronics
$1.560
$0.577
$0.406
DigiKey Marketplace
Chip Stock
Vyrian
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
Dan-Mar Components
Ampacity Inc.
$0.350
Corphita
Corohmni
$0.410
Aranea Global
$0.418
$0.402
Component Stockers USA
$0.420
$0.390
$0.360
Argo Parts USA
$0.414
Semicontronic
$0.760
$0.741
$0.737
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$17.222
Advanced Electronics
$17.815
Perfect Parts
Continental Prestige Electronics
$0.301
Cyclops Electronics Ltd (Excess)
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
SupplyDigital Components
Problanco Electronics
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Kepictronics
Metaverse IC Inc.
TANS Electronics
Kulean Microsystems
Microchip USA
UHIMA Technologies
Supply Digital
Multiplexers & Switches FSA3230UMX attributes and parameters. Explore more Multiplexers & Switches devices from Fairchild Semiconductor
Other IC type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum On-state Resistance (Ron):
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Output (V):
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Power Supplies (V):
Qualification:
Sub-Category:
Surface Mount:
Switching (V):
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
FSA3230UMX Other Function Semiconductors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
In 2016 Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor (after 2022, onsemi). Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997. In September 2016, Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor. The company had locations in the United States at San Jose, California; San Rafael, California; South Portland, Maine; West Jordan, Utah; and Mountaintop, Pennsylvania. Outside the US it operated locations in Australia;[4] Singapore; Bucheon, South Korea; Penang, Malaysia; Suzhou, China; and Cebu, Philippines, among others.
BAV99
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358N
National Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LL4148
Shanghai Lunsure Electronic Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: .5 A; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us;
LM317T
Integrated Power Semiconductors
Other Regulators; No. of Terminals: 3; Operating Temperature (TJ-Min): 0 Cel; Terminal Pitch: 2.54 mm; Maximum Load Regulation (%): 1.5 %; Nominal Dropout Voltage-1: 3 V;
MMBT2907ALT1G
Onsemi
MMBT2907ALT1G by Onsemi is a PNP BJT transistor with 100 min hFE, 60V VCEO, and 200MHz fT. Ideal for switching applications, it has a small outline package with Gull Wing terminals and can handle up to 0.6A of collector current.
BAV99+
Multicomp Pro
BAV99+ by Multicomp Pro is a series connected diode with 0.2A output current and 75V peak reverse voltage. Its 0.006us reverse recovery time makes it ideal for high-speed applications. This small outline rectifier diode is designed for surface mount installation in electronic circuits.
ABS25-32.768KHZ-1-T
Abracon
Abracon's ABS25-32.768KHZ-1-T crystal oscillator offers 10 ppm frequency tolerance, 126% stability, and 50000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring 0.032768 MHz nominal operating frequency, such as IoT devices and precision timing systems.
LM107H
Rochester Electronics
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TO-99; Package Shape: ROUND;
1N4148
Iskra Semic Capacitors Industry
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; No. of Phases: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 2 A;
2N2222A
Texas Instruments
2N2222A by Texas Instruments is a small signal NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) with a max collector-emitter voltage of 40V and a max collector current of 0.8A. It is commonly used for switching applications due to its fast turn on/off times (35ns/285ns) and high transition frequency (300MHz).
M24308/2-1F
Amphenol
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Body or Shell Style: RECEPTACLE; Body Length: 1.228 inch; No. of Rows Loaded: 2;
B340A-13-F
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
USBLC6-2SC6
STMicroelectronics
USBLC6-2SC6 by STMicroelectronics is a unidirectional transient voltage suppressor diode with a breakdown voltage of 6V. It has a max clamping voltage of 17V and operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C. This device, with dual terminals and matte tin finish, is ideal for protecting sensitive electronics from voltage spikes in various applications.
STM32F405RGT6
STM32F405RGT6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with 2/3.3V power supplies, 16 external interrupts, and 196608 RAM bytes. Ideal for industrial applications, it features CAN(2), I2C(3), SPI(3) connectivity options and operates at a max clock frequency of 26 MHz. With low power mode and DMA support, it offers versatile performance in compact dimensions.
2N7002
Continental Device India
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .83 W; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-236AB;
MBRA160T3G
MBRA160T3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 1A and forward voltage of 0.51V. It operates b/w -55 to 150°C, has a reverse test voltage of 60V, and is ideal for power applications due to its high efficiency and small outline package style.
CSNF651
Honeywell Sensing And Control
CSNF651 by Honeywell Sensing And Control is an industrial-grade analog circuit with 3 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, supporting supply voltages from -15V to 15V. Ideal for applications requiring a special shape rectangular package style and through-hole terminal form.
SMBJ18CA
Lite-on Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Philips Semiconductors
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
1N4148WS
Dc Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MAX313FEPE
Maxim Integrated
MAX313FEPE by Maxim Integrated is a 4-function multiplexer with 16 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It features a max on-state resistance of 10 ohm and switching voltage of 12/+-15 V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high isolation and fast switch-on/off times in a compact IN-LINE package.
7705201EC
Temic Semiconductors
SINGLE-ENDED MULTIPLEXER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; Package Body Material: CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED;
MAX355CWE+
Analog Devices
MAX355CWE+ by Analog Devices is a CMOS differential multiplexer with 4 channels. It operates at a supply voltage range of ±15V and has a max on-state resistance of 350 ohm. With a small outline package style, it is ideal for commercial temperature grade applications requiring precise signal switching within a wide temperature range.
TS5A3159DBVR
TS5A3159DBVR by Texas Instruments is a SPDT switch with 6 terminals, operating at -40 to 85 °C. It has a low on-state resistance of 3.2 ohm and fast switching times of 95 ns on and 70 ns off. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high isolation and low power consumption.
CD74HC4051M96
Harris Semiconductor
SINGLE-ENDED MULTIPLEXER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
HEF4051BT-Q100,118
NXP Semiconductors
HEF4051BT-Q100,118 by NXP Semiconductors is an AEC-Q100 qualified CMOS multiplexer with 8 channels. It operates at temperatures from -40 to 125°C and has a max on-state resistance of 2500 ohm. Ideal for automotive applications due to its low supply current of 0.6 mA and break-before-make switching feature.
74HC4052PW-Q100,11
74HC4052PW-Q100,11 by NXP Semiconductors is a CMOS differential multiplexer with 4 channels. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125 °C and has a max on-state resistance of 270 ohm. This automotive-grade IC is commonly used in multiplexing and switching applications.
DG412DY
Intersil
SPST; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
CD4053BE
Rca Solid State
SINGLE-ENDED MULTIPLEXER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
74HC4051D-T
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC4051D-T is an 8-channel CMOS multiplexer with a max supply voltage of 10V. It features a nominal off-state isolation of 50dB and a max on-state resistance of 180 ohm. Ideal for automotive applications, this small outline package switch has a peak reflow temperature of 260°C and operates b/w -40 to 125°C.
MAX4709ESE
MAX4709ESE by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS differential multiplexer with 4 channels. It operates at a supply voltage range of ±15V and offers a max on-state resistance of 400 ohm. With a compact small outline package, it is ideal for industrial applications requiring precise signal switching within the temperature range of -40 to 85°C.
DG409DY-T1-E3
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's DG409DY-T1-E3 is a CMOS differential multiplexer with 4 channels, 2 functions, and 16 terminals. Operating at -40 to 85°C, it has a max on-state resistance of 100 ohm and switching type of break-before-make. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise signal routing in compact spaces.
CD4051BPWR
CD4051BPWR by Texas Instruments is a CMOS single-ended multiplexer with 16 terminals and a supply voltage range of 3-20V. It features a max on-state resistance of 1050 ohm, switching time of 720 ns, and operates in temperatures from -55 to 125°C. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring high isolation and low signal current.
ADG1414BRUZ
ADG1414BRUZ by Analog Devices is an 8-function SPST multiplexer with a max on-state resistance of 25 ohm. Operating at -40 to 125 °C, it has a switching time of 320 ns and offers 70 dB isolation. Ideal for automotive applications, this CMOS technology-based switch supports supply voltages from +-5 to +-15 V in a small outline package.
MAX4544EUT+T
SPDT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: LSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
CD74HC4053PWRG4
CD74HC4053PWRG4 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS technology-based multiplexer with 3 channels, offering a max bandwidth of 180 kHz. It operates within a temperature range of -55 to 125 °C and has a low on-state resistance of 130 ohm. Ideal for applications requiring signal switching in military-grade environments.
TPS2052CDGNR
TPS2052CDGNR by Texas Instruments is a small outline switch with common output, suitable for industrial applications. With a max operating temperature of 125°C and min of -40°C, it offers SPST type switching at 260°C peak reflow temperature. Its compact design features a terminal pitch of 0.65mm and dual terminal position for versatile usage.
FSA2567MPX
FSA2567MPX by Onsemi is a 16-terminal multiplexer with a supply voltage range of 1.65V to 4.3V, operating at industrial temperatures from -40°C to 85°C. It features a max on-state resistance of 12 ohm and offers separate outputs for each of its 4 channels. This chip carrier package with very thin profile is ideal for applications requiring high-speed switching in compact spaces.
CD4051BE
Thomson Consumer Electronics
ADG601BRTZ-REEL
ADG601BRTZ-REEL by Analog Devices is a SPST switch with 6 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a max on-state resistance of 2.5 ohm and switching time of 120 ns. Ideal for industrial applications requiring low-profile switches with high isolation and fast response times.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
FSA3157P6X
Fairchild Semiconductor
SPDT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
FSA3157P6X by Onsemi is a SPDT switch with 30 ohm Ron, 13 ns switch-on time, and 57 dB isolation. It operates at -40 to 85°C, suitable for industrial applications requiring common output switching at Vsup of 1.65-5.5V in compact SOT package.
FSA3030UMX
SINGLE-ENDED MULTIPLEXER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 12; Package Code: QCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE; Surface Mount: YES;
FSA3200UMX
FSA3041UMX
FSA3041UMX by Onsemi is a multiplexer & switch with 16 terminals and a chip carrier package style. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85 °C and has separate output voltage of 2.5/4.5V. This IC type is commonly used in audio/video switching applications.
FSA3357K8X
SINGLE-ENDED MULTIPLEXER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: VSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
FSA321UMX
AUDIO/VIDEO SWITCH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: QCCN; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
FSA321UMX by Onsemi is a 10-terminal audio/video switch with 1.8/4.3V power supplies, -40 to 85°C operating temperature range, and 11 ohm max on-state resistance. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring separate output switching in a compact chip carrier package with nickel palladium gold finish and break-before-make operation.
FSA3230UMX
FSA3230UMX by Onsemi is a 16-terminal audio/video switch with a max on-state resistance of 6.5 ohm and operating temperature range from -40 to 85 °C. It features separate output, break-before-make switching at peak reflow temperature of 260C, ideal for industrial applications requiring quad terminal position in a chip carrier package style.
FSA3051TMX
FSA3051TMX by Onsemi is a SPDT multiplexer with 6 terminals, operating voltage range of 1.6V to 5.5V, and on-state resistance of 25 ohm. It is designed for industrial applications requiring a compact (0.4mm height) and reliable switch solution with high isolation (20dB) and temperature tolerance (-40°C to 85°C).
FSA3157P6X_NL
FSA3031UMX
AUDIO/VIDEO SWITCH; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 12; Package Code: QCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE; Surface Mount: YES;
FSA3157L6X
SPDT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: VSON; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved