Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
TS4040EIAP-2.5 by STMicroelectronics is a cylindrical, 3-terminal voltage reference with a nominal output of 2.5 V and operates b/w -40 °C to 85 °C. It features a max voltage temp coef of 150 ppm/°C, ideal for industrial applications. Its plastic/epoxy package ensures durability in various environments.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
3
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Anansix
Digiode
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$17.362
$15.626
MKK Technologies
$32.649
DigiPath Technology Company
Corphita
Parana Technologies
$20.759
The use of plastic/epoxy for the package body enhances durability and protects against environmental factors, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
The round package shape facilitates efficient use of space on PCB designs, allowing for better layout flexibility in electronic applications.
Having three terminals provides additional connection options, which can simplify circuit designs and enhance stability in voltage reference applications.
The cylindrical package style is advantageous for heat distribution and can often be easier to handle in manufacturing processes.
With a maximum operating temperature of 85 °C, this voltage reference can be used in moderately high-temperature environments without risking performance.
A minimum output voltage of 2.426 V ensures that the device can accommodate lower voltage applications, making it versatile across numerous circuits.
Withstanding temperatures as low as -40 °C makes this product highly reliable for use in extreme conditions, such as outdoor or industrial applications.
The tin terminal finish enhances solderability and corrosion resistance, ensuring a dependable electrical connection over time.
The range provided by the maximum output voltage of 2.574 V allows designers to select this product for precision voltage requirements in critical applications.
Bottom terminal positioning supports better layout options on boards, contributing to optimized space management and circuit design.
Being a two-terminal voltage reference simplifies the integration into circuits, making it easier for designers to implement in their designs.
This industrial temperature grade ensures that the product meets stringent reliability standards, suitable for harsh environments and prolonged use.
Through-hole terminal design provides robust mechanical support and is preferable in applications where high stress might be present.
A maximum voltage temperature coefficient of 150 ppm/°C indicates stable performance across temperature variations, ensuring accuracy in critical applications.
The nominal output voltage of 2.5 V is ideal for a wide variety of applications, commonly required in many electronic circuits for reliable reference voltages.
Voltage References TS4040EIAP-2.5 attributes and parameters. Explore more Voltage References devices from STMicroelectronics
Other IC type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
No. of Functions:
No. of Outputs:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Maximum Output Voltage:
Minimum Output Voltage:
Nominal Output Voltage:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Qualification:
Surface Mount:
Max Voltage Temp Coef:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Trim or Adjustable Output (V):
TS4040EIAP-2.5 Other Function Semiconductors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
STMicroelectronics is a global leader in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, with over 35 years of experience providing innovative and advanced technologies for customers around the world. Headquartered in Netherlands, STMicroelectronics has more than 51,323 employees worldwide and operates across 32 countries all over Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Americas. The company’s portfolio includes integrated circuits, discrete components, application-specific standard products, and computer chipsets. STMicroelectronics serves a wide range of industries such as automotive, consumer markets, healthcare and industrial applications.
President, CEO
Jean-Marc Chery
President, CFO, Finance, Purchasing,Enterprise Risk Management & Resilience
Lorenzo Grandi
President, Sales & Marketing
Jerome Roux
Castelletto
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1968
Italy
Wafer Capacity
SGFAB AMK 6
2000
Singapore
29,000
AG200
Agrate Brianza
14,000
RST 8
France
Rousset
35,000
Crolles 1
1993
Crolles
30,000
Crolles 2-ext. mod 5
Crolles 2-ext. mod 2
2022
Crolles 2-ext. mod 3
2023
Crolles 2
2004
28,000
1985
SiC Fab
2006
Sweden
Norrköping
10,000
Fab 3
2005
Tours
2,000
Fab 1 & Fab 2
1978
55,000
Fab 2
1997
Catania
SGFAB-AMK 6E
2003
145,000
SGFAB-AMJ 9
1984
152,000
AG300 (R3)
1980
25,000
1987
34,000
AG300
2024
Crolles 2-ext. mod 1
2020
Fab 1 6-inch fab
2013
11,000
SiC 6-inch line
2021
2,500
200mm GaN
2018
SGFAB-AMK 8
2001
Crolles 2- JV Fab
SGFAB-AMK 6
2016
38,125
SGFAB-AMK 2E
2010
20,000
Silicon Carbide A.B.
SiC wafer/EPI Fab
SiC Device Fab
2025
TM4C1294NCPDTI3
Texas Instruments
TM4C1294NCPDTI3 by Texas Instruments is a 32-bit microcontroller with Cortex-M4F CPU family. It features 8KB data EEPROM, 20-Ch 12-Bit ADC channels, and 32 DMA channels. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed processing, it offers connectivity options like CAN, Ethernet, I2C, SPI, UART, and USB.
LM317T/NOPB
LM317T/NOPB by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output voltage of 37V and max input-output voltage differential of 40V. It operates in temperatures ranging from 0 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in electronic circuits. The package style is flange mount with three terminals for easy installation.
C1210C104K5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C1210C104K5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance, rated for 50V. It has X7R temperature characteristics and ±10% tolerance, suitable for surface mount applications in a wide temperature range from -55°C to 125°C. Its compact rectangular package makes it ideal for various electronic devices.
SS14
Frontier Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358N
Samsung
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358MX
ROHM
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: LSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N2222A
Transistor & Electronic
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LM358AN
M39029/58360
Esterline Technologies
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Terminal Type: CRIMP; Removal Tools: M81969/14-01; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; IEC Conformity: NO; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT;
LM358ADR
LM358ADR by Texas Instruments is an operational amplifier with 2 functions, featuring a max input offset voltage of 5000 uV and nominal voltage of 5V. Widely used in applications requiring high voltage gain, it operates within a temperature range of 0-70°C and offers frequency compensation for stability.
LM555CM
National Semiconductor
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
LM107H/883C
LM107H/883C by National Semiconductor is a MILITARY-grade Operational Amplifier with +-5/+-15V supplies. Featuring 2000uV max input offset voltage, it operates from -55 to 125 °C. Ideal for applications requiring VOLTAGE-FEEDBACK architecture and frequency compensation.
DS18B20Z
Dallas Semiconductor
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Housing: PLASTIC; Maximum Accuracy (Cel): 0.50;
2N7002
Fairchild Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
1N4148WS
General Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
General Electric Solid State
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Wideband: NO;
General Transistor
Tt Electronics Plc
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; JESD-30 Code: O-MBCY-W3;
1N4148
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM317T
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Maximum Load Regulation (%): 1.5 %; Operating Temperature (TJ-Min): 0 Cel; Maximum Line Regulation (%/V): .07;
LTC6655BHMS8-4.096#PBF
Analog Devices
LTC6655BHMS8-4.096#PBF by Analog Devices is a voltage reference with 4.596V nominal supply, 4.0949V min output, and 0.025% max voltage tolerance. Ideal for automotive applications due to its -40 to 125 °C operating temp range and small outline package style.
MAX6070AAUT25+T
Analog Devices' MAX6070AAUT25+T is a 3-terminal voltage reference with a nominal output of 2.5V, suitable for automotive applications. It operates b/w -40 to 125°C, with a max supply voltage of 5.5V and low supply current of 0.3mA, making it ideal for precision voltage regulation in compact designs.
LM4040D50FTA
Zetex Plc
TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
REF02BU
Burr-Brown Corporation
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
REF5030AID
REF5030AID by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference with a min output voltage of 2.997 V and a max output voltage of 3.003 V. It is commonly used in automotive applications due to its temperature grade and moisture sensitivity level.
TL431AQDBZR
Nexperia
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
ADR510ARTZ-REEL7
Analog Devices' ADR510ARTZ-REEL7 is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (V) ranging from 0.9965V to 1.0035V. Its small outline, thin profile package makes it suitable for industrial applications requiring precise voltage regulation. With a max voltage tolerance of 0.35% and low temp coefficient of 85 ppm/°C, it ensures stable performance in temperature-sensitive environments.
TL431CLP
Microsemi
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape: ROUND; Surface Mount: NO; JESD-609 Code: e3;
TL431BIDG
Onsemi
TL431BIDG by Onsemi is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output from 2.475V to 2.515V, suitable for industrial applications. It features a max output current of 0.1A and operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C. This small outline package with gull wing terminals is surface mountable for easy integration into electronic designs.
REF5050IDGKT
REF5050IDGKT by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference with a nominal output of 5V, adjustable from 4.995V to 5.005V. It operates in automotive-grade temperatures (-40 to 125°C) and has a max voltage tolerance of 0.1%. This three-terminal IC is ideal for precision applications requiring stable voltage references.
LMV431BIMFX/NOPB
LMV431BIMFX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a 3-terminal voltage reference with adjustable output (1.234-1.246 V). It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C) and has a max output current of 0.015 A, suitable for precision voltage regulation applications. The package is small outline (2.92x1.3 mm) with gull wing terminals for surface mount assembly.
AD584TH
Maxim Integrated
VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TO-99; Package Shape: ROUND; Surface Mount: NO;
TL431ACZ
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape: ROUND; Surface Mount: NO; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL;
ADR4550ARZ
Analog Devices' ADR4550ARZ is a small outline voltage reference with 3-terminal design. It operates in automotive grade conditions, offering a nominal output voltage of 5V with a max supply voltage of 15V. With a low temperature coefficient of 4 ppm/°C, it is ideal for precision applications requiring high accuracy.
LMV431AIMF/NOPB
LMV431AIMF/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (1.228-1.252V) and 3 terminals in a small outline package. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, suitable for industrial applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact designs.
TL431BCDBZR,215
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' TL431BCDBZR,215 is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.483-2.55V) in a small outline package suitable for commercial applications. It operates b/w 0-70°C, supports up to 0.1A output current, and has a max supply voltage of 36V.
LT1461AIS8-4#PBF
LT1461AIS8-4#PBF by Analog Devices is a voltage reference with 4.096 V output, 6.596 V supply, and 3 ppm/°C temp coef. It is used in industrial applications for precise voltage regulation in compact designs.
TL431QDBZR,215
REF3130AIDBZR
REF3130AIDBZR by Texas Instruments is a 3-terminal voltage reference with a nominal output voltage of 3V. It operates b/w -40 to 125°C, with a max supply voltage of 5.5V and output current of 0.01A. Ideal for automotive applications due to its compact size and low temperature coefficient of 20 ppm/°C.
TL431AIDBZR
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
TS4061AILT-1.25
STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics' TS4061AILT-1.25 is a 3-terminal voltage reference with output voltage range of 1.2487V to 1.2512V, ideal for industrial applications. With a small outline package style and gull wing terminal form, it operates b/w -40°C to 85°C with low temp coefficient of 35 ppm/°C.
TS4061AILT-1.225
TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
TS4061BILT-1.25
TS4040DILT-2.5
TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
TS4061AICT-1.25
TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
TS4041DILT-1.2
TS4041DIZT-1.2
TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TO-92; Package Shape: ROUND; Surface Mount: NO;
TS4040EYLT-2.5
TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Qualification: Not Qualified; JESD-609 Code: e3;
TS4041EILT-1.2
TS4041EIZ-1.2
TS4041CILT-1.2
TS4041DIZ-1.2
TS4040EIZT-2.5
TS4041EIAP-1.2
TS4040DIZT-2.5
TS4041CIZ-1.2
TS4040EILT-2.5
TS4041CIZT-1.2
TS4041CIAP-1.2
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved