Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: DUAL;
Median Price
$2.737
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
11
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Symmetry
1+ parts
$2.150
100+ parts
-
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Arrow
$2.196
DigiKey
$3.520
$2.188
$2.050
Chip1Stop
$3.553
$2.351
$2.065
Verical
Digiode
$2.042
Nova Conductors
$3.681
Chip Stock
Vyrian
Component Sense
Cyclops Electronics Ltd
Ampacity Inc.
$1.830
Corphita
$1.935
Component Stockers USA
$2.010
$2.570
$1.840
$1.690
Argo Parts USA
Netroflash
Continental Prestige Electronics
$3.607
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$4.657
Corohmni
$7.916
Advanced Electronics
$13.513
$12.837
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Kepictronics
Perfect Parts
Futuretech Components
Other Function Interface ICs SI8645BA-B-IUR attributes and parameters. Explore more Other Function Interface ICs devices from Skyworks Solutions
Additional Features:
Interface IC Type:
JESD-30 Code:
Length:
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width:
SI8645BA-B-IUR Interface ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
PCN Other - Skyworks Acquisition 9/Jul/2021
Skyworks Solutions produces semiconductors for wireless handsets and other devices that are used to enable wireless connectivity. Its main products include power amplifiers, filters, switches, and integrated front-end modules that support wireless transmissions. Skyworks' customers are mostly large smartphone manufacturers, but the firm also has a growing presence in nonhandset applications such as wireless routers, medical devices, and automobiles.
LM317T
Inchange Semiconductor
Other Regulators; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: NO; Technology: BIPOLAR; Minimum Output Voltage-1: 1.2 V; No. of Outputs: 1;
MBR1560CT
General Instrument
MBR1560CT by General Instrument is a common cathode rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.75V and max output current of 15A. It is used for efficiency applications, has a package shape of rectangular, and can operate in temperatures ranging from -65 to 150 °C.
1N4148
Rfe International
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; Config: SINGLE;
LL4148-GS08
Vishay Intertechnology
The Vishay Intertechnology LL4148-GS08 is a glass diode with fast recovery time of 0.008 us and max reverse current of 5 uA. Ideal for applications requiring rectification, it has a breakdown voltage of 100 V and can handle a peak forward current of 2 A.
CC0603KRX7R9BB103
Yageo
Yageo CC0603KRX7R9BB103 is a 0603 SMT ceramic capacitor with capacitance of 0.01uF and rated DC voltage of 50V. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125°C operating range, and ±10% tolerance. Ideal for surface mount applications in electronics requiring stable capacitance across temperatures.
NE555/D
General Electric Solid State
Analog Waveform Generation Functions; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Technology: BIPOLAR; Package Equivalence Code: DIE OR CHIP; Qualification: Not Qualified;
LM358MX
Onsemi
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148WS
General Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BAV99
Won-top Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SMBJ18CA
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Weitron Technology
DP83848IVVX/NOPB
National Semiconductor
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 48; Package Code: QFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
ULN2003ADR
Texas Instruments
ULN2003ADR by Texas Instruments is a NPN BJT with 7 elements, max IC of 0.5A, and VCEsat of 1.6V. Ideal for switching applications in small outline packages with Gull Wing terminals.
OPA2277UA
Burr-Brown Corporation
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
OPA2227UA
OPA2227UA by Texas Instruments is a dual operational amplifier with low-offset voltage of 200 uV and bias current of 0.01 uA. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85 °C, making it suitable for industrial applications requiring precise signal amplification. With a unity gain bandwidth of 8000 kHz, this op amp is ideal for high-frequency circuit designs.
MBRM140T1G
MBRM140T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V max repetitive peak reverse voltage, 1A max output current, and 0.3V max forward voltage. It is used in applications requiring small outline surface mount diodes for efficient power management.
LAN8720A-CP-TR
Standard Microsystems
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: OTHER; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
AB26TRB-32.768KHZ--T
Abracon
AB26TRB-32.768KHZ--T by Abracon is a crystal oscillator with 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 126% stability, and 35000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring 0.032768 MHz nominal frequency in surface mount configurations.
MMSZ5245BT1G
MMSZ5245BT1G by Onsemi is a Zener diode with 15V nominal reference voltage, 8.5mA test current, and 16 ohm dynamic impedance. It is used in applications requiring precise voltage regulation in a compact SMD package for temperatures ranging from -55 to 150°C.
SS14
Fairchild Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ISO7141CCDBQR
ISO7141CCDBQR by Texas Instruments is a 16-terminal IC with 4 functions, operating b/w -40 to 125°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5V and is ideal for automotive applications due to its small outline package and dual terminal position. With gull wing terminals and nickel palladium gold finish, it offers reliable interface circuitry in compact dimensions.
ADUM1400BRWZ
Analog Devices
ADUM1400BRWZ by Analog Devices is a 16-terminal IC with 4 functions, operating b/w -40 to 125 °C. It has a supply voltage range of 3-5.5 V and is ideal for automotive applications due to its CMOS technology and small outline package style.
SI8621AB-B-IS
Silicon Labs
SI8621AB-B-IS by Silicon Labs is a digital isolator with 8 terminals, CMOS technology, and 5.5V max supply voltage. It is used for interface applications in various industries due to its small outline package style and wide operating temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.
ISO7221AD
ISO7221AD by Texas Instruments is a dual-channel interface IC with CMOS technology. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C and supports supply voltage from 3.3V to 5V. Ideal for automotive applications, it comes in a small outline package with surface mount capability.
SN6505AQDBVRQ1
SN6505AQDBVRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a small outline interface IC with 6 terminals, operating at -40 to 125 °C. It has a max output current of 1.5 A and supports supply voltage from 2.25 V to 5.5 V, making it ideal for automotive applications requiring low profile components in harsh environments.
ISO7221AQDRQ1
ISO7221AQDRQ1 by Texas Instruments is an automotive-grade interface IC with 2 channels. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C and supports supply voltages from 3.3V to 5V. With a small outline package style, it's ideal for applications requiring high reliability in harsh environments like automotive electronics.
SI8751AB-ISR
Skyworks Solutions
INTERFACE CIRCUIT; JESD-609 Code: e3; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn); Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 2A;
DS2484R+T
Maxim Integrated
INTERFACE CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: LSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TXB0104RUTR
TXB0104RUTR by Texas Instruments is a 4-bit interface IC with a max supply voltage of 3.6V. It is used in industrial applications and has a very thin profile package style.
ISO7220ADR
ISO7220ADR by Texas Instruments is a dual-channel interface IC with CMOS technology. It operates b/w -40 to 125°C, suitable for automotive applications. With a supply voltage range of 3.3V to 5V, it comes in a small outline package ideal for surface mount assembly.
ADUM1201WSRZ-RL7
ADUM1201WSRZ-RL7 by Analog Devices is a dual-function interface IC with 8 terminals, operating b/w -40 to 125 °C. It has a supply voltage range of 3-5.5 V and is AEC-Q100 compliant for automotive applications. This small outline package IC features CMOS technology and matte tin terminal finish, suitable for various interface circuit requirements in automotive electronics.
MAX3738ETG+
MAX3738ETG+ by Analog Devices is a 24-terminal interface IC with a supply voltage range of 2.97V to 3.63V, operating temperature from -40°C to 85°C, and peak reflow temperature of 260°C. It is used in industrial applications requiring a very thin profile chip carrier package style for various function interfaces.
MAX14850AEE+T
INTERFACE CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ISO7240CDWRG4
ISO7240CDWRG4 by Texas Instruments is a digital isolator with 4 channels, CMOS technology, and 3.3V nominal voltage. It operates in automotive temperature grade range (-40 to 125 °C) and has a small outline package style for surface mount applications. The IC features dual terminal position with nickel/palladium/gold finish, making it suitable for various interface functions.
ISO7721D
ISO7721D by Texas Instruments is a dual-function interface IC with 2 channels. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C and supports supply voltage from 2.25V to 5.5V. With a small outline package style, it's ideal for military-grade applications requiring CMOS technology and Gull Wing terminal form.
MAX14850AEE+
MAX4896ATP+T
MAX4896ATP+T by Analog Devices is a BICMOS technology interface IC with 8-bit driver. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with supply voltage range of 2.7-5.5V. Suitable for industrial applications requiring very thin profile and low output current (0.0001A).
ADUM1402BRWZ
ADUM1402BRWZ by Analog Devices is a 16-terminal digital isolator with a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V, suitable for industrial applications. It operates b/w -40°C to 105°C, meeting AEC-Q100 standards and supporting EIA-232, EIA-422, and EIA-485 interfaces in a small outline package style.
SI8631BD-B-IS
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
LSF0204DRUTR
LSF0204DRUTR by Texas Instruments is a 4-bit interface IC with 3-STATE output. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C, suitable for automotive applications. With a terminal pitch of 0.4 mm and package style of CHIP CARRIER, it offers low supply current at 0.0125 mA.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
SI8641BB-B-IS1R
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Nominal Supply Voltage: 5 V;
SI8641BB-B-IS1R by Silicon Labs is a 16-terminal digital isolator with 4 functions. It operates b/w -40 to 125°C, with supply voltage ranging from 2.375V to 5.5V. Ideal for applications requiring small outline packages and surface mount technology.
SI8641BB-B-IS1
SI8641BB-B-IS1 by Silicon Labs is a digital isolator with 4 functions, operating voltage range of 2.375V to 5.5V, and temperature range from -40°C to 125°C. It comes in a small outline package suitable for surface mount applications in various electronic devices.
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE;
SI8642ED-B-IS
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel;
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G16;
SI8621BB-B-ISR
INTERFACE CIRCUIT; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Equivalence Code: SOP8,.25;
SI8621BB-B-IS
INTERFACE CIRCUIT; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
SI8621AB-B-ISR
SI8621AB-B-ISR by Silicon Labs is a digital isolator with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 2.5V to 5.5V, and AEC-Q100 screening for automotive applications. It features CMOS technology, GULL WING terminal form, and small outline package style suitable for surface mount assembly in various electronic systems. With an extended temperature range from -40°C to 125°C, it offers reliable isolation in harsh environments.
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Supply Voltage: 2.5 V;
SI8620BB-B-ISR
SI8641BD-B-ISR
SI8641BD-B-ISR by Silicon Labs is a digital isolator with 4 functions, operating voltage range of 2.375V to 5.5V, and dual terminal position. It is used in applications requiring small outline package style, CMOS technology, and temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Functions: 4;
SI8631BD-B-IS by Silicon Labs is a 16-terminal digital isolator with 2.5-5.5V supply voltage range, AEC-Q100 screening for automotive applications, and -40 to 125°C operating temperature. It features a small outline package style, CMOS technology, and gull wing terminal form suitable for various interface applications.
SI8641BA-B-IUR
SI8641BA-B-IUR by Silicon Labs is a digital isolator with 4 functions, operating voltage range of 2.375V to 5.5V, and temperature range from -40°C to 125°C. It comes in a small outline package suitable for various applications requiring interface isolation and signal transmission in electronic systems.
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
SI8641BA-B-IU
SI8641BA-B-IU by Silicon Labs is a digital isolator with 4 functions, operating at -40 to 125 °C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.375V to 5.5V and comes in a small outline package suitable for surface mount applications. Ideal for systems requiring high-speed signal isolation in compact spaces.
DIGITAL ISOLATOR; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Equivalence Code: SSOP16,.25;
SI8661BB-B-IS1
Silicon Labs SI8661BB-B-IS1 is a 16-terminal digital isolator with 2.375V to 5.5V supply range, AEC-Q100 screening for automotive applications, and -40°C to 125°C operating temperature. It features CMOS technology, GULL WING terminals, and small outline package ideal for various function interface ICs.
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved