Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
AUDIO PREAMPLIFIER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Technology: BIPOLAR;
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
14
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Anansix
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Corel Iberica Componentes, S.L.
Digiode
Nova Conductors
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
Holdelec - ElecDif-Pro
Vyrian
Fibra_Brandt Electronic GMBH
Odi Ramu Company
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
Huijzer Components
LittleDiode
GES GmbH
ECAB
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$0.381
$0.343
MKK Technologies
$0.716
DigiPath Technology Company
AZTECH Wire
$9.691
Lixinc
Continental Prestige Electronics
Corphita
Argo Parts USA
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Assy Fe
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Parana Technologies
$0.455
Kepictronics
Bastille Electronics
Cyclops Electronics Ltd (Excess)
Glotronic Ltd.
Audio & Video Amplifiers TDA2320A attributes and parameters. Explore more Audio & Video Amplifiers devices from Sgs-ates Componenti Electronici S P A
General IC Type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
No. of Terminals:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Power Supplies (V):
Qualification:
Sub-Category:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
TDA2320A General Purpose ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.33.00.01
SB
8542.33.00.00
SMBJ18CA
Lite-on Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM7805CT
Integrated Circuit Technology
Other Regulators; No. of Terminals: 3; Maximum Input Voltage Absolute: 35 V; Maximum Voltage Tolerance: 5 %; Terminal Position: SINGLE; Operating Temperature (TJ-Min): 0 Cel;
SMMBT2222ALT1G
Onsemi
SMMBT2222ALT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor with 3 terminals, 0.6A IC, and 40V VCE. It has a hFE of 75, fT of 300MHz, and operates up to 150°C. Ideal for small signal applications in automotive electronics due to AEC-Q101 compliance.
ULN-2803A
Vishay Sprague
Vishay Sprague's ULN-2803A is an 8-bit peripheral driver with a max supply voltage of 3V. Featuring open-collector output characteristics, it offers built-in transient protections and operates b/w -20°C to 85°C. Ideal for applications requiring sink current flow direction, this rectangular-shaped driver has a terminal pitch of 2.54mm and turn-on/off time of 1us.
BAV99
Infineon Technologies
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
EU2B-YS2J03F
Idec
ROTARY SWITCH;
Synsemi
2N7002,215
Nexperia
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
2N2222A
ROHM
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
BSS123,215
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; No. of Terminals: 3; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30;
CRG0805F10R
Tyco Electronics Components
FIXED RESISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Resistance: 10 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .125 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Tolerance: 1 %;
LL4148
Kec
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM358DR2G
LM358DR2G by Onsemi is a dual operational amplifier with 7000uV max input offset voltage and 70dB nominal CMRR. Ideal for applications requiring low bias current such as sensor interfaces, signal conditioning circuits, and audio amplifiers. Package style: Small Outline, Technology: Bipolar, Unity Gain Bandwidth: 1000 kHz.
Diodes Incorporated
MMBT3904-7-F
Diodes Inc. MMBT3904-7-F is a NPN BJT transistor for switching applications. Features include VCEsat of 0.3V, hFE of 30, and IC of 0.2A. With a max operating temp of 150°C, it's ideal for small outline SMT designs in automotive electronics.
BSS138
Micro Commercial Components
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: DUAL;
M39029/58360
Esterline Technologies
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Terminal Type: CRIMP; Removal Tools: M81969/14-01; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; IEC Conformity: NO; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT;
Motorola
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Maximum Collector-Base Capacitance: 8 pF;
LM358ADR
Texas Instruments
LM358ADR by Texas Instruments is an operational amplifier with 2 functions, featuring a max input offset voltage of 5000 uV and nominal voltage of 5V. Widely used in applications requiring high voltage gain, it operates within a temperature range of 0-70°C and offers frequency compensation for stability.
Silicon Standard
TS4871IDT
STMicroelectronics
The STMicroelectronics TS4871IDT is an audio amplifier IC with 1% harmonic distortion, operating at temperatures from -40 to 85°C. It has a nominal output power of 1W and operates on supply voltages ranging from 2.5V to 5.5V. This small outline package with dual terminals is ideal for industrial applications requiring high-quality audio amplification in a compact form factor.
SSM2211SZ-REEL7
Analog Devices
Analog Devices' SSM2211SZ-REEL7 is a Class D audio amplifier with 0.2% harmonic distortion, 1.5W output power, and 0.02 kHz bandwidth. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C with a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V in a small outline package measuring 4.9mm x 3.9mm x 1.75mm.
MAX9719AETE+T
Maxim Integrated
CLASS AB AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
AD8042AR
AD8042AR by Analog Devices is a video amplifier with 2 functions. It has a nominal bandwidth of 170 kHz and operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85 °C. This small outline package is commonly used in audio and video amplifiers applications.
LM1875TLB02
National Semiconductor
LM1875TLB02 by National Semiconductor is an audio amplifier IC with 25W output power and 1% harmonic distortion. Operating at +-25V supplies, it has a gain of 26dB and nominal bandwidth of 0.02kHz. Ideal for audio applications requiring high-quality amplification in a compact through-hole package.
LM4871M
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TDA1562Q/N3/S10C,1
NXP Semiconductors
TDA1562Q/N3/S10C,1 by NXP Semiconductors is an audio amplifier IC with 70W output power and 10% harmonic distortion. It has a gain of 26 dB, operates b/w -40°C to +125°C, and requires a supply voltage of 8-18V. Ideal for audio applications requiring high power output in a compact package.
TPA2001D1PW
TPA2001D1PW by Texas Instruments is a 16-terminal audio amplifier with 1W output power and 23.5dB gain. Operating b/w -40 to 85°C, it supports supply voltages of 2.5-5.5V, ideal for industrial applications requiring low harmonic distortion and high noise figure performance.
TPA2000D1PWRG4
TPA2000D1PWRG4 by Texas Instruments is a 2W audio amplifier with 1% harmonic distortion. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, has a gain of 23.5dB, and requires a supply voltage of 2.7-5.5V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring small outline amplifiers with low noise figures and wide bandwidth capabilities.
TPA6112A2DGQR
TPA6112A2DGQR by Texas Instruments is an audio amplifier IC with 10 terminals, offering a nominal output power of 0.15W and gain of 10dB. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C) with low harmonic distortion (0.1%) and requires a supply voltage b/w 2.5V to 5.5V, making it suitable for various audio applications requiring high-quality sound amplification in compact setups.
NJM12904R-(TE1)
NISSHINBO MICRO DEVICES INC
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: LSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TAS5111ADADG4
TAS5111ADADG4 by Texas Instruments is an audio amplifier with 10% harmonic distortion, 93W output power, and 0.02 kHz bandwidth. It is used in commercial applications for audio amplification due to its small outline package and dual terminal position.
TDA2030A
Unisonic Technologies
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: ZIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: ZIG-ZAG;
MAX9719DEBE
MAX9719DEBE by Maxim Integrated is a 2-channel audio amplifier with 1.4W output power and gain of 6dB. Operating at -40 to 85°C, it has a supply voltage range of 2.7-5.5V, making it ideal for industrial applications requiring high-quality audio amplification in a compact grid array package.
STK350-030
Sanyo Electric
STK350-030 by Sanyo Electric is a 2-channel audio amplifier IC with low harmonic distortion (0.005%) and nominal bandwidth of 0.02 kHz. Its package style is flange mount, suitable for audio applications requiring high-quality sound output in devices like amplifiers or speakers. Operating at a min supply voltage of 50V, it utilizes bipolar technology and features a rectangular plastic/epoxy body with 15 terminals for easy installation.
MAX9700AEUB+
CLASS D AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
LM48860TL/NOPB
LM48860TL/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a CMOS audio amplifier with 2 channels and a nominal output power of 0.04 W. It operates on power supplies ranging from 2V to 5.5V, making it suitable for low-power audio applications in compact devices due to its very thin profile and fine pitch package style. With a wide temperature range from -40°C to 84°C, this amplifier is ideal for various portable electronic products requiring high-quality audio performance.
TDA1514A
Philips Semiconductors
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 9; Minimum Operating Temperature: -25 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e0; Technology: BIPOLAR;
MAX97220EETE+T
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
TPA751DRG4
TPA751DRG4 by Texas Instruments is an audio amplifier IC with 8 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It offers 0.35W output power with 0.5% harmonic distortion and a bandwidth of 0.02 kHz. Ideal for audio applications requiring small outline packages and low power consumption.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
TDA2030AV
TDA2030AV by STMicroelectronics is an audio amplifier IC with 18W output power, 0.5% harmonic distortion, and 26dB gain. It operates at a supply voltage range of 6-22V and has a bandwidth of 0.022 kHz. Ideal for audio applications requiring high-quality amplification in a compact rectangular package.
TDA2030H
TDA2030H by STMicroelectronics is an audio amplifier IC with 18W output power, 10% harmonic distortion, and 30dB gain. It operates at supply voltages from 6V to 18V and has a bandwidth of 0.015 kHz. Ideal for audio applications requiring high-quality amplification in a compact rectangular package.
Telefunken Microelectronics
TDA2030
Baneasa S A
TDA2030 by Baneasa S A is an audio amplifier IC with 14W output power, 0.5% harmonic distortion, and 18V max supply voltage. It has a rectangular plastic/epoxy package and operates b/w -25°C to 70°C. Ideal for audio systems requiring high-quality sound amplification in various environments.
TDA2030A by STMicroelectronics is a 5-terminal audio amplifier IC with a max supply current of 80mA. It comes in an IN-LINE package style with terminals in ZIG-ZAG position and THROUGH-HOLE form. Ideal for audio applications requiring efficient amplification in a compact PLASTIC/EPOXY package.
TDA2030V
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: ZIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Style (Meter): IN-LINE;
TDA2030V by STMicroelectronics is an audio amplifier IC with 18W output power, 10% harmonic distortion, and 30dB gain. It operates at supply voltages from 6V to 18V and has a bandwidth of 0.015 kHz. Ideal for audio applications requiring high power amplification in a compact rectangular package.
TDA2030AH
TDA2030AH by STMicroelectronics is an audio amplifier IC with 18W output power, 0.5% harmonic distortion, and 26dB gain. It operates at a supply voltage range of 6-22V and has a bandwidth of 0.022 kHz. Commonly used in audio systems for high-quality sound amplification.
TDA2822D013TR
TDA2822D013TR by STMicroelectronics is a small outline audio amplifier with 2 channels and a gain of 39 dB. It has a max supply voltage of 15 V and a nominal output power of 0.38 W. This amplifier is commonly used in audio and video applications.
TDA2822D
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1;
TDA2822M
First Components International
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Current: 12 mA;
TDA2822M by STMicroelectronics is a 2-function audio amplifier IC with 10% harmonic distortion, 1W nominal output power, and 39dB gain. It has a rectangular package style with 8 terminals and operates at a supply voltage range of 1.8V to 15V. Ideal for low-power audio applications requiring dual-channel amplification in compact designs.
TDA2003AV
TDA2003AV by STMicroelectronics is an audio amplifier IC with 12W output power, 40dB gain, and 0.015 kHz bandwidth. It operates on a supply voltage range of 8-18V, making it suitable for various audio applications requiring high-quality amplification in a compact rectangular package style.
TDA2003V
TDA2003V by STMicroelectronics is a 10W audio amplifier with 10% harmonic distortion, ideal for audio applications. Operating at 8-18V, it offers a gain of 40dB and nominal bandwidth of 0.022 kHz. With a compact rectangular package style and through-hole terminal form, it's suitable for various audio and video amplification projects.
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: ZIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Supply Current: 50 mA;
TDA2003H
TDA2003H by STMicroelectronics is a 10W audio amplifier with 10% harmonic distortion, ideal for audio applications. It operates at 8-18V with a gain of 40dB and nominal bandwidth of 0.022 kHz. The IC has 5 terminals in a rectangular package style suitable for flange mount installation.
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: ZIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Equivalence Code: ZIP5H,.15,.7,67TB;
TDA2003AH
AUDIO AMPLIFIER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: ZIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Pitch: 1.7 mm;
TDA2003
TDA2003 by Baneasa S A is a rectangular audio amplifier with 5 terminals and a max supply voltage of 28V. It has a nominal output power of 10W and operates at temperatures ranging from -25°C to 70°C. This amplifier is commonly used in audio and video applications for its low harmonic distortion of 10%.
Sgs-ates Componenti Electronici S P A
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved