Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Renesas X28HC256JIZ-12 is a 32Kx8 EEPROM with 5V supply, operating from -40 to 85°C. It features asynchronous mode, 120ns access time, and 5ms write cycle time. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in compact form factor.
Median Price
$56.670
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
5
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Mouser Electronics
1+ parts
100+ parts
$49.420
1k+ parts
$47.900
10k+ parts
-
Nova Conductors
$39.345
Vyrian
Component Sense
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
Corohmni
$2.839
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$5.650
AZTECH Wire
$13.981
Ampacity Inc.
$38.960
Semicontronic
$37.986
$37.791
Continental Prestige Electronics
$38.558
Netroflash
Advanced Electronics
$40.132
Microchip USA
$90.494
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Argo Parts USA
Supply Digital
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Perfect Parts
This material provides good protection to the internal components of the EEPROM, ensuring durability and longevity.
Allows for easy integration onto circuit boards, saving space and simplifying the assembly process.
Enables independent and efficient data transfer operations without the need for synchronization signals.
Standard voltage requirement allows for compatibility with various systems and power sources.
Provides a balance between capacity and data width, suitable for a wide range of applications.
Can withstand harsh industrial environments with temperature fluctuations, ensuring reliable performance.
Low power consumption and high noise immunity characteristics make it suitable for battery-powered devices and noise-sensitive applications.
Non-volatile memory technology retains data even when power is disconnected, ideal for storing critical information.
EEPROM X28HC256JIZ-12 attributes and parameters. Explore more EEPROM devices from Renesas Electronics
Maximum Access Time:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Memory Density:
Memory IC Type:
Memory Width:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
No. of Words:
No. of Words Code:
Operating Mode:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Organization:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Parallel or Serial:
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Programming Voltage (V):
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Width:
Maximum Write Cycle Time (tWC):
X28HC256JIZ-12 Memory ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.32.00.51
SB
8542.32.00.50
08055C104KAT4A
KYOCERA AVX
08055C104KAT4A by KYOCERA AVX is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance, rated for 50V. With X7R temperature characteristics and -55 to 125 °C operating range, it's ideal for SMT applications requiring compact size and high reliability. The wraparound terminals and multi-layer design make it suitable for various electronic circuits.
1N4148W-T
Rectron
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
ULN2803ADWG4
Texas Instruments
ULN2803ADWG4 by Texas Instruments is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, open-collector output characteristics, and built-in transient protections. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C and has a max supply voltage of 3V. Ideal for applications requiring sink current flow direction in a small outline package style.
BAV99
ROHM
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SMBJ18CA
Alpha & Omega Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
C1206C104K5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C1206C104K5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V rated DC voltage. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and ±10% tolerance. Ideal for SMT applications due to its rectangular package shape and wraparound terminals.
LM358MX
Onsemi
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
AMS1117-3.3
Advanced Monolithic Systems
AMS1117-3.3 by Advanced Monolithic Systems is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with 1A max output current, 3% voltage tolerance, and 1.3V dropout voltage. Ideal for applications requiring stable 3.3V supply in compact designs due to its small outline package and excellent load regulation of 0.025%.
LL4148
Rugao Dachang Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
1N4148
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
MMBT3904LT1G
MMBT3904LT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT with max. collector-emitter voltage of 40V, hFE of 30, and fT of 300MHz. Ideal for small signal applications in electronics due to its compact size, high transition frequency, and low power dissipation capabilities.
CRCW04020000Z0EDHP
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's CRCW04020000Z0EDHP is a 0402 SMT resistor with 0 ohm resistance, rated for temperatures from -55°C to 155°C. Ideal for jumper applications in automotive electronics due to AEC-Q200 compliance and compact size of 1mm x 0.5mm x 0.3mm.
SS14
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MBRA160T3G
MBRA160T3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max output current of 1A and forward voltage of 0.51V. It operates b/w -55 to 150°C, has a reverse test voltage of 60V, and is ideal for power applications due to its high efficiency and small outline package style.
L7805CV
Sgs-ates Componenti Electronici S P A
Other Regulators; No. of Terminals: 3; Maximum Input Voltage Absolute: 35 V; Maximum Voltage Tolerance: 5 %; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Nominal Output Voltage-1: 5 V;
ULN2803A
Motorola
NPN; Configuration: 8 BANKS, DARLINGTON WITH BUILT-IN DIODE AND RESISTOR; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; Terminal Position: DUAL; JESD-30 Code: R-PDIP-T18;
2N7002
Panjit International
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 40; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
Mde Semiconductor
1N4148WS
Sinyork
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Output Current: .2 A; Config: SINGLE;
AT24MAC402-MAHM-T
Microchip Technology
AT24MAC402-MAHM-T by Microchip Technology is a 256x8 EEPROM with a supply voltage of 1.7V to 5.5V. It operates in synchronous mode and has a max clock frequency of 1MHz. This memory IC is commonly used for industrial applications requiring reliable data storage and retrieval.
93LC56BT-I/OTG
Microchip Technology's 93LC56BT-I/OTG is a serial EEPROM with 128x16 organization, 2048-bit memory density, and 1000000 write/erase cycles. Operating at up to 2 MHz clock frequency, it suits industrial applications requiring low-profile memory solutions with software write protection.
XCF04SVO20C0936
Xilinx
Xilinx XCF04SVO20C0936 is a 4MX1 EEPROM with a memory density of 4194304 bit. It operates at a nominal voltage of 3.3V and has an industrial temperature grade. This configuration memory IC is commonly used in applications requiring synchronous operation and small form factor packaging.
24LC512T-I/SN
24LC512T-I/SN by Microchip Technology is an EEPROM with 64KX8 organization, operating at 4.5V. It features I2C control byte 1010DDDR and offers 1000000 write/erase cycles. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in a compact small outline package.
AT24C64D-SSHM-B
AT24C64D-SSHM-B by Microchip Tech is an EEPROM with 8KX8 organization, 1MHz clock frequency, and 1000000 write/erase cycles. It operates in industrial temperature range and uses I2C serial bus for applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage.
24AA02E48T-E/OT
24AA02E48T-E/OT by Microchip Technology is a 256x8 EEPROM with I2C control byte 1010DDDR. Operating at 5V, it offers 1000000 write/erase cycles and -40 to 125°C temperature range. Ideal for automotive applications due to TS16949 screening level and small outline package style.
M24256-DRDW3TP/K
STMicroelectronics
M24256-DRDW3TP/K by STMicroelectronics is an EEPROM with 32KX8 organization, operating at 2.5V, and AEC-Q100 screening for automotive applications. It features I2C control byte 1010DDDR, 1MHz clock frequency, and endurance of 4M cycles. Ideal for automotive systems requiring reliable non-volatile memory with hardware write protection.
AT24C32D-SSHM-B
Atmel
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Standby Current: .000001 Amp;
DS28E05R+T
Analog Devices
Analog Devices' DS28E05R+T is a 64-bit EEPROM with 1-WIRE serial bus, operating at 3.3V. It features a small outline package, industrial temperature grade, and asynchronous operation mode. Ideal for applications requiring secure data storage in compact electronic devices.
M95640-WDW6TP
Numonyx
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
M95256-RDW6TP
STMicroelectronics M95256-RDW6TP is a 32KX8 EEPROM with SPI serial bus, 262144-bit memory density, and 1000000 write/erase cycles. It operates at -40 to 85 °C with a supply voltage range of 1.8-5.5 V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in a compact 0.65 mm pitch package.
DS2431P-A1+
Maxim Integrated
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: SOC; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Technology: CMOS;
AT24CM01-SHD-T-989
AT24CM01-SHD-T-989 by Microchip is a 128KX8 EEPROM with I2C control, operating at 1 MHz. It has a temperature range of -40 to 85 °C and offers 1000000 Write/Erase Cycles endurance. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in a small outline package.
CAT24C256YI-GT3
Catalyst Semiconductor
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Form: GULL WING;
AT25080B-SSHL-B
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Words: 1024 words;
DS2431G+T&R
DS2431G+T&R by Analog Devices is a 1024-bit EEPROM with 1-WIRE serial bus. It operates at 3.3V, has 50000 write/erase cycles endurance, and -40 to 85°C temperature range. Ideal for industrial applications requiring secure data storage in a compact chip carrier package.
24FC1025-I/SM
24FC1025-I/SM by Microchip Technology is a 128KX8 EEPROM with I2C control byte 1010MDDR. It operates at 1 MHz, has 1000000 write/erase cycles endurance, and supports hardware write protection. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in a small outline package.
M95256-WMN6P
M95256-WMN6P by STMicroelectronics is a 32KX8 EEPROM with SPI serial bus, 262144-bit memory density, and 1000000 write/erase cycles. It operates at a max clock frequency of 5 MHz and has a temperature range of -40 to 85 °C. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage.
M95512-RMN6P
M95512-RMN6P by STMicroelectronics is an EEPROM with 64KX8 organization, operating at 2.5V, featuring SPI serial bus type and 1000000 write/erase cycles endurance. It has a small outline package style, suitable for industrial temperature grade applications with a max clock frequency of 5 MHz.
AT24C02D-STUM-T
AT24C02D-STUM-T by Microchip Technology is a 256x8 EEPROM with a max clock frequency of 1 MHz. It operates at a nominal voltage of 3V and has a memory density of 2048 bits. This EEPROM is commonly used in industrial applications for data storage and retrieval.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
X28HC256JIZ-12T1
Renesas Electronics
Renesas Electronics X28HC256JIZ-12T1 is a 32KX8 EEPROM with 120ns access time, operating at -40 to 85°C. It features asynchronous mode, 5V nominal voltage, and parallel interface. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in compact form factor.
Intersil
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Programming Voltage (V): 5;
X28HC256JIZ-12
X28HC256JIZ-90T1
Renesas Electronics X28HC256JIZ-90T1 is a 32Kx8 EEPROM with 262144-bit memory density. It operates at 5V, has an access time of 90ns, and supports asynchronous mode. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in a compact chip carrier package.
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
X28HC256JIZ-90
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V): 5;
Renesas X28HC256JIZ-90 is a 32KX8 EEPROM with 262144-bit memory density. It operates at 5V, has 90ns access time, and supports asynchronous mode. Ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in a compact chip carrier package.
X28HC256JI-12
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Write Cycle Time (tWC): 5 ms;
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: QUAD;
Xicor
X28HC256JI-15
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel;
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
X28HC256J-15
X28HC256J-15 by Intersil is a 32Kx8 EEPROM with 5V supply, 150ns access time, and 1000000 write/erase cycles. It is used in commercial applications requiring reliable non-volatile memory storage in a compact chip carrier package.
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Technology: CMOS;
X28HC64JI-90
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Standby Current: .0002 Amp;
X28HC256SI-12
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel;
X28HC256JI-90T3
EEPROM; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Qualification: Not Qualified;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved