Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
MC34844AEPR2 by NXP Semiconductors is a Graphics Display Driver with SERIAL data input mode, 32 terminals, and 12V power supply. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 105 °C) and supports multiplexed display capability for LED displays.
Median Price
$8.368
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
16
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Chip1Stop
1+ parts
$3.430
100+ parts
-
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Arrow
$5.526
$4.902
$4.487
Verical
Mouser Electronics
$8.590
$5.640
$5.090
$4.830
Element14
$10.220
$6.650
$6.150
Newark
$10.290
$7.420
$6.770
$6.610
Rochester
$4.500
$4.030
$3.790
DigiKey
$5.043
Farnell
$4.020
$3.660
Digiode
$3.296
Nova Conductors
$5.022
Vyrian
Chip Stock
Anansix
LWI Electronics Inc
Cyclops Electronics Ltd
Corphita
$3.123
Ampacity Inc.
$3.310
Semicontronic
$3.420
$3.334
$3.317
Netroflash
$4.922
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$9.758
Corohmni
$11.403
Microchip USA
$25.949
Continental Prestige Electronics
$4.200
$3.240
Argo Parts USA
UNI Independent Distributors
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Kepictronics
Futuretech Components
Serial data input mode allows for easy communication with other devices, making it versatile and easy to integrate into existing systems.
Surface mount capability saves space and simplifies the installation process, making it suitable for compact designs.
High maximum supply voltage ensures compatibility with a wide range of power sources, enhancing flexibility in application.
Square package shape provides a stable and efficient mounting solution, suitable for various applications in different environments.
Stable power supply of 12V ensures reliable performance and consistent output, making it a dependable choice for long-term use.
Having 32 terminals allows for more connections and options, expanding the functionality and versatility of the display driver.
High maximum operating temperature ensures durability in harsh conditions, making it suitable for industrial use where high temperatures are common.
Low minimum operating temperature allows for reliable performance even in cold environments, ensuring consistent operation in varying conditions.
Top-quality terminal finish provides corrosion resistance and reliable conductivity, ensuring long-term performance and durability.
Quad terminal position allows for efficient and secure connections, enhancing the overall reliability and stability of the display driver.
Low maximum seated height allows for compact designs and easy integration into tight spaces, making it suitable for a variety of applications.
Slim width design enables versatile installation options and compatibility with various mounting configurations, enhancing flexibility in design.
With a maximum time of 40 seconds at peak reflow temperature, this display driver can withstand heat during the assembly process, ensuring reliable soldering.
High peak reflow temperature tolerance of 260°C makes it suitable for soldering processes, ensuring secure and reliable connections during assembly.
Compact length design allows for easy integration into small spaces, suitable for applications where size constraints are a concern.
Multiplexed display capability enables the driver to control multiple segments efficiently, expanding the display options and enhancing versatility.
Industrial temperature grade ensures reliable performance in demanding environments, making it a robust choice for industrial applications.
No lead terminal form reduces the risk of environmental contamination, making it environmentally friendly and safe for use.
Stable nominal supply voltage of 12V ensures consistent performance and reliable output, making it a dependable choice for various applications.
Having 10 segments allows for a versatile display output, offering multiple display options and customization possibilities.
Fine terminal pitch of 0.5mm provides precise and reliable connections, ensuring stable operation and reducing the risk of signal interference.
High minimum fmax of 0.4 MHz ensures fast data processing and high-speed operation, making it suitable for dynamic display applications.
Moisture sensitivity level of 3 indicates moderate sensitivity to moisture, requiring standard handling procedures to prevent damage, ensuring long-term reliability.
Specialized interface IC type for LED display drivers ensures compatibility and optimized performance with LED displays, making it a suitable choice for LED applications.
Graphics Display Drivers MC34844AEPR2 attributes and parameters. Explore more Graphics Display Drivers devices from NXP Semiconductors
Data Input Mode:
Interface IC Type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
Multiplexed Display Capability:
No. of Functions:
No. of Segments:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Power Supplies (V):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Width:
Minimum fmax:
MC34844AEPR2 Interface ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
NXP is a leading semiconductor company that creates cutting-edge technology to power secure connections in a smarter world. Founded in 2006, they have grown to become one of the top five global semiconductor companies and serve their customers in over 70 countries around the world.
Executive Director, President, CEO
Kurt Sievers
Executive VP, CFO
Bill Betz
Executive VP, Chief Sales Officer
Ron Martino
ICN8
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1996
Netherlands
Nijmegen
Wafer Capacity
55,000
ATMC (Austin Tech & Mfg Center)
1995
USA
Austin
30,000
N/A
1989
Germany
Boeblingen
CHD
1993
Chandler
OHTC
1991
24,000
New Expansion Fab
2026
ECHO
2020
10,000
M39029/58-360
Positronic Industries
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT; DIN Conformity: NO; National Stock Number (NSN): 5999004733551; Mating Contacts: M39029/56-348, M39029/57-354; Contact Type: CRIMP REAR RELEASE;
LL4148
TDK
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); No. of Phases: 1; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Output Current: .2 A;
BSS138
Taitron Components
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 3.5 ohm; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .2 A; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED;
MBR0520LT3G
Onsemi
MBR0520LT3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.385V and output current of 0.5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 125°C, ideal for applications requiring high-speed switching and low power loss in compact electronic devices. The package style is small outline, making it suitable for surface mount designs in various electronics.
LM555CN
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
ULN2803A
Sanken Electric
NPN; Configuration: 8 BANKS, DARLINGTON WITH BUILT-IN DIODE AND RESISTOR; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; JESD-30 Code: R-PDIP-T18; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
BAV99
Bytesonic Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MMBT3904LT1G
MMBT3904LT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT with max. collector-emitter voltage of 40V, hFE of 30, and fT of 300MHz. Ideal for small signal applications in electronics due to its compact size, high transition frequency, and low power dissipation capabilities.
LM358N
Philips Semiconductors
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Excel (Suzhou) Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
Good-ark Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 6 ohm; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
1N4148
Panjit International
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
EEAGA1H4R7
Panasonic
Panasonic EEAGA1H4R7 is a 4.7uF, 50V Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor with 0.1 Tan Delta and 0.003mA Leakage Current. Ideal for applications requiring high ripple current handling in temperatures ranging from -55 to 105°C.
LD1117S33TR
STMicroelectronics
LD1117S33TR by STMicroelectronics is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 3.3V and max output current of 1.3A. It has a small outline package style, operates at an adjustable temperature range from 0 to 125°C, and is ideal for applications requiring stable voltage regulation in compact electronic devices.
2N2222A
Swampscott Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
MMBT2907ALT1G
MMBT2907ALT1G by Onsemi is a PNP BJT transistor with 100 min hFE, 60V VCEO, and 200MHz fT. Ideal for switching applications, it has a small outline package with Gull Wing terminals and can handle up to 0.6A of collector current.
Semicoa
SS14
Jinan Jingheng Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
FDLL4148
FDLL4148 by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us. With a max forward voltage of 1V and output current of 0.2A, it is ideal for applications requiring fast switching speeds in electronic circuits. The diode's glass package body material and isolated case connection make it suitable for surface mount designs operating at temperatures up to 175°C.
1N4148WT-7
Diodes Incorporated
1N4148WT-7 by Diodes Inc. is a fast recovery rectifier diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and a max forward voltage of 1.25 V. It has a package style of small outline, making it suitable for surface mount applications where high-speed switching is required at temperatures ranging from -65 to 150 °C.
TLC59283RGER
Texas Instruments
TLC59283RGER by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with 16 channels, constant-current output, and serial data input mode. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, suitable for industrial applications. The chip carrier package style with a very thin profile makes it ideal for space-constrained designs.
PCA9552PW/G,118
NXP Semiconductors
PCA9552PW/G,118 by NXP Semiconductors is a 24-terminal LED display driver with serial data input mode. Operating voltage range from 2.3V to 5.5V and industrial temperature grade make it suitable for various applications in graphics displays and signage systems. Terminal finish of nickel palladium gold ensures reliable performance in diverse environments.
ICM7224IPL
Maxim Integrated
ICM7224IPL by Maxim Integrated is a 40-terminal graphics display driver with serial data input mode. It operates b/w -20 to 85 °C and supports liquid crystal displays with 29 segments. With a CMOS technology, it has a max supply voltage of 6 V and min of 3 V, making it suitable for various display applications.
PCF8566T
NXP Semiconductors' PCF8566T is a 40-terminal graphics display driver with serial data input mode and segment display capability. Operating at temperatures from -40 to 85 °C, it supports up to 12 digits/characters and has a max supply current of 0.09 mA. Ideal for industrial applications requiring multiplexed displays, this CMOS technology-based IC is designed for liquid crystal displays in compact form factors.
TLC59116FIPWR
TLC59116FIPWR by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with 16 channels, constant-current output, and serial data input mode. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C and supports supply voltages of 3-5.5 V. Ideal for LED displays, it comes in a small outline package with dual terminals for industrial applications.
FAN5702UC08X
FAN5702UC08X by Onsemi is a graphics display driver with 16 terminals, operating voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V, and peak reflow temperature of 260°C. It features a serial data input mode and is designed for LED display driver applications in industrial settings. The package style is grid array with very thin profile and fine pitch, making it suitable for compact designs requiring precise control over multiple segments.
MAX7219ENG
MAX7219ENG by Maxim Integrated is a graphics display driver with 8-digit segments, serial data input mode, and 5V supply voltage. Ideal for LED displays, it operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C) with multiplexed display capability.
TLC59283DBQR
TLC59283DBQR by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with 16 channels, constant-current output, and serial data input mode. It operates in industrial temperature grade range (-40 to 85 °C) and supports multiplexed display capability. Ideal for LED displays, it has a small outline package style and dual terminal position for surface mount applications.
TPS92640PWP/NOPB
TPS92640PWP/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 85V and power supplies of 24V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for automotive applications. With constant-current output characteristics, this LED display driver has a terminal pitch of 0.65mm and is surface mountable.
LM3409HVMY/NOPB
LM3409HVMY/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 42V and constant-current output. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125°C, features a small outline package style, and supports LED displays with a nominal voltage of 24V.
CAT32TDI-GT3
CAT32TDI-GT3 by Onsemi is a Graphics Display Driver with 2/7 V power supplies, -40 to 85 °C operating temp, and 1.6 MHz min fmax. Ideal for LED display driver applications due to its small outline, dual terminal position, and industrial temperature grade.
TPIC2810DRG4
TPIC2810DRG4 by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with 8 channels, operating at 3-5.5V. It features serial data input mode and open-drain output characteristics. Widely used in automotive applications due to its small outline package style and nickel palladium gold terminal finish.
LM3409QMYX/NOPB
National Semiconductor
Display Drivers; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Screening Level: AEC-Q100;
PCF85176T/1,118
PCF85176T/1,118 by NXP Semiconductors is a DOT MATRIX display driver with SERIAL data input mode. It operates at 1.8-5.5V and supports up to 40 segments for industrial-grade applications requiring multiplexed display capability.
LP5521TMX/NOPB
LP5521TMX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with 3 channels, constant-current output, and serial data input mode. It operates b/w -30 to 85 °C with a supply voltage range of 2.7-5.5 V. Ideal for LED display applications due to its multiplexed display capability and compact grid array package style.
TPS54201DDCR
TPS54201DDCR by Texas Instruments is a LED display driver with 4 segments. It operates b/w -40 to 125°C, suitable for automotive applications. With a supply voltage range of 4.5-28V and small outline package style, it's ideal for graphics display drivers.
LDD-600H
Mean Well Enterprises
The Mean Well Enterprises LDD-600H is a LED display driver with 9 terminals, operating voltage range of 9-56 V, and industrial temperature grade. It comes in a rectangular plastic/epoxy package measuring 31.8mm x 20.3mm x 12.25mm, suitable for graphics display applications requiring precise LED control at temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C.
LT3496HUFD#PBF
Linear Technology
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
PCF85134HL/1,118
PCF85134HL/1,118 by NXP Semiconductors is a graphics display driver with dot matrix and segment display modes. It operates at a voltage range of 1.8V to 5.5V, making it suitable for industrial applications. With 7-digit characters and 60 segments, this CMOS technology-based driver offers multiplexed display capability for liquid crystal displays.
MAX7219CWG+
Analog Devices
MAX7219CWG+ by Analog Devices is a Graphics Display Driver with 8-digit display capability. It operates on a supply voltage range of 4-5.5V, featuring serial data input mode and segment display mode. Ideal for LED displays in commercial applications due to its small outline package and totem-pole output characteristics.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
MC34844AEP
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
Freescale Semiconductor
MC34844AEPR2
MC34845CEP
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
MC34845CEPR2
MC34845DEP
MC34845DEPR2
MC34844EPR2
MC34844EP
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved