Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; JESD-609 Code: e0; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
Median Price
$0.046
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
83
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Conrad
1+ parts
$0.044
100+ parts
-
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Arrow
$0.049
$0.031
$0.027
$0.025
Distrelec
$0.098
$0.087
$0.055
Mouser Electronics
$0.150
$0.093
$0.065
$0.032
Newark
$0.301
$0.108
$0.039
Element14
$0.599
$0.299
$0.147
$0.129
Master Electronics
$0.023
Verical
$0.028
DigiKey
$0.010
Chip1Stop
$0.041
$0.024
Bürklin Elektronik
Maritex
$0.017
$0.015
$0.013
$0.011
Digiode
$0.042
DF Sales Co.
$0.080
TME
$0.140
$0.068
$0.045
Bristol Electronics
$0.075
$0.030
Nova Conductors
$0.195
Component Electronics Inc.
$0.770
$0.580
$0.500
TEDSS.com
$1.000
$0.190
Ace Electronics
American Microsemiconductor Inc.
$2.250
Forefront Electronics and Design
$7.350
R&J Components
Chip Stock
Halfin
Electro Sonic
$0.022
Electronic Expediters
ECAB
IBS Electronics
$0.100
First Choice Components Inc.
Zilex Electronics Inc.
Resion
Freddi Giovanni
Electronics Depot
Vyrian
A2Z Electronics, Inc.
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
ComSIT USA
DComponents
Diverse Electronics
Cyclops Electronics Ltd
Holdelec - ElecDif-Pro
EMSNET
Amar Radio Corporation
Component Sense
Prism Electronics
Anansix
ICP Electronique
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
Goldney Electronics S.L.
Jameco Electronics
Semi Source
Fibra_Brandt Electronic GMBH
MISTER SPROCKETS
Tech-Mark Corp
Carlin Systems, Inc.
ES Components
Sunrise Surplus Inc.
Elcom Components
Connector Distribution Corp
Right Parts Inc.
GSS - Global Semi Support
LWI Electronics Inc
DigiKey Marketplace
$0.114
Sogenti Electronics
Pride Electronics
Huijzer Components
Florida Circuit
Inland Empire Components Inc.
Atlantic Semiconductor
J & M Industries LLC
LittleDiode
Pegasus Components GmbH
NAC Semi
Specialty Parts & Electronic Components, Inc. (S.P.E.C.)
Speed Components Ltd
Mil-Aero Solutions, Inc.
Sinequanon
M&R Communications
GES GmbH
Vectronix, Inc
Manoshevitz Elec. Sales
Semicontronic
Corphita
$0.040
Corohmni
$0.072
Continental Prestige Electronics
$0.115
$0.112
Argo Parts USA
$0.111
Netroflash
Parana Technologies
$1.545
$2.194
DigiPath Technology Company
$1.701
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$1.719
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$1.736
$1.562
ChromeModa Solutions
$1.424
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Metaverse IC Inc.
Infinite Electronics LLP (Excess)
Component Connect
Perfect Parts
Kepictronics
Assy Fe
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Cyclops Electronics Ltd (Excess)
GreenTree Electronics
SupplyDigital Components
UNI Independent Distributors
TANS Electronics
Kulean Microsystems
Glotronic Ltd.
Supply Digital
Component Stockers USA
$0.060
UHIMA Technologies
Problanco Electronics
Futuretech Components
Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) 2N5401 attributes and parameters. Explore more Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) devices from New Jersey Semiconductor Products
Maximum Collector Current (IC):
Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage:
Configuration:
JESD-609 Code:
No. of Elements:
Polarity or Channel Type:
Terminal Finish:
Transistor Element Material:
Nominal Transition Frequency (fT):
2N5401 Transistors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
NSN
5961-00-173-3428, 5961001733428
NIIN
001733428
New Jersey Semiconductor has been designing, manufacturing, and producing highly reliable electronic devices since 1957. Our mission is to supply you with high quality, cost effective discrete devices for commercial, industrial, and military applications. New Jersey Semiconductor's quality management system has been verified to conform with ISO 9001:2015 standards.
LP2950CDT-3.3G
Onsemi
LP2950CDT-3.3G by Onsemi is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 3.3V and max output current of 0.1A. It has a small outline package style, operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125 °C, and is suitable for applications requiring low dropout voltage and precise voltage regulation in electronic circuits.
BSS138W-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
Diodes Inc.'s BSS138W-7-F is a N-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, ideal for switching applications. It features single configuration with built-in diode, Gull Wing terminals, and operates in enhancement mode. With 0.2A max drain current and 3.5 ohm RDS(on), it's UL recognized and suitable for small outline packages at temperatures ranging from -55 to 150°C.
MBR0530T1G
MBR0530T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.375V and output current of 0.5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 125°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high-speed switching in compact electronic devices like smartphones and tablets. The package style is small outline with gull wing terminals for surface mount assembly.
BAV99
Daco Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
C1206C104M5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C1206C104M5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V rated DC voltage. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125°C operating range, and ±20% tolerance. Ideal for surface mount applications in electronics requiring stable capacitance across temperatures.
1N4148
International Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; No. of Elements: 1; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us;
LM2931AZ-5.0RAG
LM2931AZ-5.0RAG by Onsemi is a Fixed Positive Single Output LDO Regulator with 5V nominal output voltage, 0.1A max output current, and 0.6V max dropout voltage. Ideal for applications requiring stable voltage regulation in temperature-sensitive environments up to 150°C.
Wuxi Xuyang Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
BSS138
Inter F E T
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Terminal Finish: TIN LEAD; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
NE555D
Texas Instruments
NE555D by Texas Instruments is an 8-terminal IC with a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 16V, suitable for analog waveform generation applications. It operates at temperatures from 0°C to 70°C and has a max supply current of 15mA. The package style is small outline, making it ideal for compact electronic designs.
LL4148
Sensitron Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
E8WSDC12-32.768KTR
Ecliptek
PARALLEL - FUNDAMENTAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Frequency Tolerance: 20 ppm; Aging: 3 PPM/YEAR; Load Capacitance: 12.5 pF; Nominal Operating Frequency: .032768 MHz;
FDC5614P
MSKSEMI SEMICONDUCTOR
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 2 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
SMBJ18CA
Secos
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM317T
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; JESD-30 Code: R-PSFM-T3; Adjustability: ADJUSTABLE; Package Equivalence Code: SIP3,.1TB;
Tak Cheong Electronics Holdings
DS18B20Z+
Analog Devices
DS18B20Z+ by Analog Devices is a 12-bit temperature sensor with 1-Wire interface. It operates b/w -55 to 125°C, with ±0.5°C accuracy. Suitable for applications requiring digital output and surface mounting feature.
RN41N-I/RM
Microchip Technology
Microchip Technology's RN41N-I/RM is a telecom IC with 35 terminals, operating from -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage of 3.3V and is surface mountable in industrial applications. The package style is rectangular, measuring 13.2mm x 20.1mm with a seated height of 2.2mm, suitable for telecom interface functions.
Weitron Technology
2N2222A
General Transistor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
SBC817-25LT1G
Good-ark Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A;
BC847BS,115
Nexperia
NPN; Configuration: SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Terminal Position: DUAL;
JANTX2N2907AUATR
Microsemi
Small Signal Bipolar Transistors;
MMBT2907A
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 200 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 200 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
2N2219A
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 3 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
BC858B,215
NXP Semiconductors
BC858B,215 by NXP Semiconductors is a PNP BJT for switching applications. With VCEsat of 0.65V and hFE of 220, it operates at max 150°C with IC of 0.1A. Its small outline package makes it suitable for surface mount designs.
BC817-25
Surge Components
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; Terminal Form: GULL WING;
BC847B
Kodenshi Auk
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 150 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A;
Semiconductor Technology
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .8 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
2N3906
Space Power Electronics
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A;
Electronic Transistors
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .8 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
ROHM
MMBT2222AWT1G
MMBT2222AWT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor with 3 terminals, ideal for amplifier applications. It has a max collector-emitter voltage of 40V, max collector current of 0.6A, and min DC current gain of 40. With a package style of small outline and surface mount capability, it operates at up to 150°C.
BC847CW,115
NXP Semiconductors' BC847CW,115 is a NPN BJT transistor for switching applications. With VCEsat of 0.6V and hFE of 420, it operates at max temp of 150°C. Its small outline package with Gull Wing terminals makes it suitable for surface mount designs.
MMBT3906
Zowie Technology
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
BC847C
STMicroelectronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A;
MMBT2222A
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Maximum Turn Off Time (toff): 250 ns;
MMBT2907AWT1G
Rochester Electronics
BCY89
Tt Electronics Plc
NPN; Configuration: SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 50 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .03 A; Package Shape: ROUND;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
2N5401
National Semiconductor
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .63 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A;
2N5401 by Texas Instruments is a PNP BJT transistor with max. power dissipation of 0.63W, hFE of 50, and max. collector-emitter voltage of 150V. Ideal for amplifier applications due to its single configuration, SILICON material, and high transition frequency of 100MHz.
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED;
Crimson Semiconductor
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .63 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
Motorola
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .63 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .3 A;
Lite-on Semiconductor
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
Jiangsu Changjiang Electronics Technology
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-92;
Kec
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .625 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 50 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL;
Boca Semiconductor
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1.5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
Samsung
Bytesonic Electronics
Micro Commercial Components
Small Signal Bipolar Transistors; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1.5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A;
Nte Electronics
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Terminal Position: BOTTOM;
2N5401-B-AB3-R
Unisonic Technologies
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
New Jersey Semiconductor Products
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved