Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HLSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Median Price
$1.681
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
18
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Texas Instruments
1+ parts
$1.779
100+ parts
$1.469
1k+ parts
$0.794
10k+ parts
-
Mouser Electronics
$2.830
$1.530
$1.450
$1.330
DigiKey
$1.738
$1.571
$1.455
Chip1Stop
$0.969
$0.949
RS (Exports)
$1.312
Arrow
$0.927
Rochester
$1.190
$1.060
$1.000
Digiode
$1.045
Nova Conductors
$1.220
DF Sales Co.
$1.400
Chip Stock
Semtec, LLC
Vyrian
Anansix
TME
$1.665
Semi Source
Prism Electronics
Semicontronic
$0.790
$0.770
$0.766
Ampacity Inc.
$0.820
Corphita
$0.990
Component Stockers USA
$1.120
$1.640
$1.030
Continental Prestige Electronics
$1.196
Argo Parts USA
Parana Technologies
$2.332
$2.832
ChromeModa Solutions
$2.620
$2.148
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$2.358
Advanced Electronics
$6.299
$5.985
Corohmni
$10.584
Perfect Parts
Lixinc
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Kepictronics
Alle Elektronik GmbH
Authorized Procurement Solutions
DigiPath Technology Company
$2.362
Netroflash
$1.159
$1.135
Graphics Display Drivers LM3414HVMR/NOPB attributes and parameters. Explore more Graphics Display Drivers devices from National Semiconductor
Data Input Mode:
Interface IC Type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
Multiplexed Display Capability:
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Width:
LM3414HVMR/NOPB Interface ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
PCN Design/Specification - Cu Wire 21/Mar/2017
PCN Assembly/Origin - ABCD05HV Fab Site 31/Mar/2021
National Semiconductor was an American semiconductor manufacturer which specialized in analog devices and subsystems, formerly with headquarters in Santa Clara, California. The company produced power management integrated circuits, display drivers, audio and operational amplifiers, communication interface products and data conversion solutions. National's key markets included wireless handsets, displays and a variety of broad electronics markets, including medical, automotive, industrial and test and measurement applications.On September 23, 2011, the company formally became part of Texas Instruments as the "Silicon Valley" division.
2N2222A
Tesla Elektronicke Soucastky
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LM358N
National Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
FDV303N
Fairchild Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; JESD-609 Code: e3;
BAV99
Jiangsu Changjiang Electronics Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): .715 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us; Maximum Output Current: .2 A;
SMBJ18CA
KYOCERA AVX
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Temic Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Sangdest Microelectronics (Nanjing)
FDN306P
Onsemi
FDN306P by Onsemi is a P-CHANNEL FET with 12V DS Breakdown Voltage, ideal for SWITCHING applications. It features SINGLE configuration with BUILT-IN DIODE and GULL WING terminals. Operating in ENHANCEMENT MODE, it has a max ID of 2.6A and 0.04 ohm RDS(on), suitable for small outline packages at temperatures ranging from -55 to 150°C.
Continental Device India
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
2N7002
Telcom Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e0;
BSS138
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed;
LM107H
Advanced Micro Devices
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Maximum Bias Current (IIB) @25C: .075 uA;
SS14
Cheng-yi Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ULN2803A
YOUTAI SEMICONDUCTOR CO LTD
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 18; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G18;
North American Philips Discrete Products Div
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 70 V; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us; Maximum Output Current: .1 A;
USBLC6-2SC6
STMicroelectronics
USBLC6-2SC6 by STMicroelectronics is a unidirectional transient voltage suppressor diode with a breakdown voltage of 6V. It has a max clamping voltage of 17V and operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C. This device, with dual terminals and matte tin finish, is ideal for protecting sensitive electronics from voltage spikes in various applications.
Secos
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .115 A; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 7.5 ohm;
LL4148-GS08
Vishay Intertechnology
The Vishay Intertechnology LL4148-GS08 is a glass diode with fast recovery time of 0.008 us and max reverse current of 5 uA. Ideal for applications requiring rectification, it has a breakdown voltage of 100 V and can handle a peak forward current of 2 A.
LM358DT
LM358DT by STMicroelectronics is a dual operational amplifier with a max input offset voltage of 9000 uV. It operates at a nominal voltage of 5V and has a min voltage gain of 25000. This amplifier is commonly used in applications requiring high precision and low power consumption.
Protek Devices
MIC2299-15YML-TR
Microchip Technology
MIC2299-15YML-TR by Microchip is a Graphics Display Driver with 12 terminals, operating voltage range of 2.5V to 10V, and temperature grade suitable for automotive applications. It features a compact square package shape, true output polarity, and quad terminal position ideal for LED display driver interface ICs in automotive displays.
CAT4104V-GT3
CAT4104V-GT3 by Onsemi is a LED display driver with 4 segments, operating at 3-5.5 V. Its small outline package and dual terminal position make it suitable for industrial applications requiring temperatures from -40 to 85°C. With a compact size of 4.9mm x 3.9mm x 1.75mm, it's ideal for graphics display drivers in various electronic devices.
ICM7228AIBIZ
Intersil
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
HT1621B
Holtek Semiconductor
HT1621B by Holtek Semiconductor is a graphics display driver with 32 segments, operating at 0.32 MHz. It features a serial data input mode and open-drain output characteristics. Ideal for industrial applications requiring a low profile, fine pitch package style.
MAX6950CEE+
Analog Devices
MAX6950CEE+ by Analog Devices is a Graphics Display Driver with 5-DIGIT display, 8 segments, and 16 terminals. It operates on a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V and has a max operating temperature of 70°C. Ideal for LED displays, it features serial data input mode and segment display capability.
FAN5702UC30X
FAN5702UC30X by Onsemi is a graphics display driver with serial data input mode. It has a max supply voltage of 5.5V and operates in an industrial temperature range. This LED display driver is suitable for applications requiring high-quality graphics and precise control.
PCA9532PW/S908,118
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' PCA9532PW/S908,118 is a serial graphics display driver with 24 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C and supports LED displays with 16 segments. The small outline package has a max supply voltage of 5.5 V, making it ideal for industrial applications.
TL4242TDRJRQ1
TL4242TDRJRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 42V and power supplies of 13.5V, suitable for LED display driver applications. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 105°C) and has constant-current output characteristics, making it ideal for various automotive electronics.
MAX6953EAX+
Maxim Integrated
MAX6953EAX+ by Maxim Integrated is a 4-DIGIT LED DISPLAY DRIVER with DOT MATRIX display mode and SERIAL data input. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, with supply voltage range of 2.7-5.5 V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring multiplexed display capability in a compact SMALL OUTLINE package.
TPS61165DRV
TPS61165DRV by Texas Instruments is a LED display driver with 10 segments. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with supply voltage ranging from 3-18V. This small outline package is ideal for industrial applications requiring high temperature tolerance and compact design.
PTLC6C5724QDAPRQ1
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Screening Level: AEC-Q100;
ZXLD1371EST16TC
Diodes Incorporated
ZXLD1371EST16TC by Diodes Inc. is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 60V and power supplies of 12V. It is used as an LED display driver in automotive applications.
TLC5940PWP
TLC5940PWP by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with 16 channels, operating at 30 MHz. It features a serial data input mode and open-drain output characteristics. Ideal for LED displays, it supports dot matrix display mode and has a max supply voltage of 5.5 V.
ICM7211AIPL
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 40; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TPS92510DGQR
TPS92510DGQR by Texas Instruments is a LED display driver with a supply voltage range of 3.5V to 60V, ideal for automotive applications. It offers constant-current output and operates b/w -40°C to 125°C. This small outline package has 10 terminals and is surface mountable, making it suitable for graphics displays.
LM3914DWF
LM3914DWF by National Semiconductor is a LED display driver with 10 segments. It operates b/w 3-20V, suitable for commercial use at temperatures from 0-70°C. Ideal for bar graph displays in applications requiring parallel data input and surface mount compatibility.
LTC3219EUD#PBF
Linear Technology
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: OTHER; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
NCP5623BMUTBG
NCP5623BMUTBG by Onsemi is a graphics display driver with serial data input mode, 12 terminals, and 3/5V power supplies. It features a very thin profile grid array package suitable for LED displays. Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 85°C, making it ideal for industrial applications.
HV9910BNG-G
Supertex
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NSI50010YT1G
NSI50010YT1G by Onsemi is a small outline LED display driver with 2 terminals, matte tin finish, and gull wing terminal form. It has a peak reflow temperature of 260°C and is suitable for graphics display applications requiring compact design and surface mount technology.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
LM3409HVMY/NOPB
LM3409HVMY/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 42V and constant-current output. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125°C, features a small outline package style, and supports LED displays with a nominal voltage of 24V.
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: HTSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
LM3409HVMYX/NOPB
LM3409HVMYX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 75V and constant-current output. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125°C, features a small outline package style, and supports LED displays with a nominal voltage of 24V.
Display Drivers; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: DUAL;
LM3414HVMRX/NOPB
LM3405AXMY/NOPB
Display Drivers; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN;
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HTSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
LM3409MY/NOPB
Display Drivers; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
LM3409MY/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 42V and constant-current output. It operates in automotive-grade temperatures from -40 to 125°C, making it ideal for LED display driver applications. This small outline package has 10 terminals and is surface-mountable for compact designs.
LM3410XMF/NOPB
LED DISPLAY DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: LSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM3409MYX/NOPB
LM3409MYX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 42V and constant-current output. It operates in automotive-grade temperatures (-40 to 125°C) and has a small outline package style for space-constrained applications. Ideal for LED display driving, it features dual terminals and matte tin finish.
LM3404HVMAX/NOPB
Display Drivers; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Power Supplies (V): 6/75;
LM3414HVMR/NOPB
LM3414HVMR/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with 24V power supply, 65V max supply voltage, and constant-current output. Ideal for automotive applications, it features a small outline package with dual terminals and serial data input mode.
LM3409QHVMY/NOPB
LM3409QHVMY/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 75V and constant-current output. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125°C, features a small outline package style, and supports LED displays with a nominal voltage of 24V.
LM3410XMFX/NOPB
LM3410XMFX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a small outline LED display driver with 5 terminals, suitable for automotive applications. It operates b/w -40 to 125°C, with a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V. The package style is low profile and surface mountable, making it ideal for graphics display drivers in compact designs.
LM3414MRX/NOPB
LM3414MRX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a graphics display driver with a max supply voltage of 42V and power supplies of 24V. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for automotive applications. This LED display driver has a constant-current output and is designed for surface mount installation in compact spaces.
LM3414HVMR
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved