Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
Median Price
$28.855
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
6
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Chip1Stop
1+ parts
$27.400
100+ parts
$26.100
1k+ parts
$23.000
10k+ parts
-
DigiKey
$30.310
$24.530
Verical
Nova Conductors
$17.177
Chip Stock
Vyrian
Vigor
$12.650
AZTECH Wire
$16.947
Continental Prestige Electronics
$16.834
Netroflash
Microchip USA
$20.850
Ampacity Inc.
$23.420
Semicontronic
$22.834
$22.717
Corohmni
$105.966
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$113.780
Advanced Electronics
$146.354
$139.036
Argo Parts USA
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Futuretech Components
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) LFE5U-25F-6BG381I attributes and parameters. Explore more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) devices from Lattice Semiconductor
Programmable IC Type:
Peak Reflow Temperature:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
LFE5U-25F-6BG381I Programmable ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
Lattice Semiconductor (NASDAQ: LSCC) is the low power programmable leader. We solve customer problems across the network, from the Edge to the Cloud, in the growing communications, computing, industrial, automotive and consumer markets. Our technology, long-standing relationships, and commitment to world-class support lets our customers quickly and easily unleash their innovation to create a smart, secure and connected world.
1N4148WS
Cheng-yi Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SMMBT2222ALT1G
Onsemi
SMMBT2222ALT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor with 3 terminals, 0.6A IC, and 40V VCE. It has a hFE of 75, fT of 300MHz, and operates up to 150°C. Ideal for small signal applications in automotive electronics due to AEC-Q101 compliance.
261
Deltrol Controls
Other Relays;
NE555D
Texas Instruments
NE555D by Texas Instruments is an 8-terminal IC with a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 16V, suitable for analog waveform generation applications. It operates at temperatures from 0°C to 70°C and has a max supply current of 15mA. The package style is small outline, making it ideal for compact electronic designs.
BAV99+
Multicomp Pro
BAV99+ by Multicomp Pro is a series connected diode with 0.2A output current and 75V peak reverse voltage. Its 0.006us reverse recovery time makes it ideal for high-speed applications. This small outline rectifier diode is designed for surface mount installation in electronic circuits.
LM555CM
National Semiconductor
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
B340A-13-F
Diodes Incorporated
B340A-13-F by Diodes Inc. is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V reverse test voltage, 3A max output current, and 0.5V max forward voltage. It is used for efficiency applications in electronics due to its small outline package and high operating temperature range of -55°C to 150°C.
LM2931AZ-5.0G
LM2931AZ-5.0G by Onsemi is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 5V and max output current of 0.1A. It has a max dropout voltage of 0.6V, making it suitable for applications requiring stable power supply in temperature-sensitive environments up to 125°C. The package style is cylindrical with wire terminals, ideal for rail packing methods in various electronic devices.
2N2222A
Itt Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
2N7002
Nte Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .115 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
L7805CV
STMicroelectronics
L7805CV by STMicroelectronics is a fixed positive single output standard regulator with an output voltage of 5V and max current of 1.5A. It operates in temperatures ranging from 0 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring stable voltage regulation in electronic circuits.
Surge Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SS14
Meritek Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BAV99
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Kec
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A;
MBR1560CT
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 60 V; Technology: SCHOTTKY; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 150 A;
1N4148
Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
DS18B20Z+T&R
Analog Devices
DS18B20Z+T&R by Analog Devices is a 12-bit temperature sensor with 1-Wire interface. It operates b/w -55 to 125°C, offering ±0.5°C accuracy. The sensor comes in a plastic package suitable for surface mount applications, with a max supply voltage of 5.5V and min of 3V.
BSS138W-7-F
Diodes Inc.'s BSS138W-7-F is a N-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, ideal for switching applications. It features single configuration with built-in diode, Gull Wing terminals, and operates in enhancement mode. With 0.2A max drain current and 3.5 ohm RDS(on), it's UL recognized and suitable for small outline packages at temperatures ranging from -55 to 150°C.
EP4CE15F23I7N
Altera
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Form Of Terminal: BALL; No. of Terminals: 484; Package Code: BGA; Package Shape: SQUARE; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
LCMXO2-1200ZE-1MG132I
Lattice Semiconductor
LCMXO2-1200ZE-1MG132I by Lattice Semiconductor is a 1280 logic cell FPGA with 104 inputs/outputs, operating at max frequency of 133 MHz. Suitable for applications requiring high-speed processing and low power consumption in electronics industry.
XC7S75-1FGGA676I
Xilinx
Xilinx XC7S75-1FGGA676I FPGA features 76800 logic cells, 6000 CLBs, and a max clock frequency of 1098 MHz. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed processing and programmable ICs in a compact square package with 400 inputs/outputs.
10M02SCU169C8G
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Grading Of Temperature: OTHER; Form Of Terminal: BALL; No. of Terminals: 169; Package Code: BGA; Package Shape: SQUARE;
XC7A15T-2CPG236C
Xilinx XC7A15T-2CPG236C FPGA features 16640 logic cells, 1300 CLBs, and a max clock frequency of 1286 MHz. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed processing such as telecommunications equipment, industrial automation systems, and data center infrastructure.
EP4CE6F17I8LN
Intel
EP4CE6F17I8LN by Intel is a FPGA with 6272 logic cells, 392 CLBs, and max clock frequency of 362 MHz. It is used in applications requiring high-speed processing and programmable ICs for various electronic systems. With a package style of grid array and low profile, it offers versatility in design and integration.
A3P1000-PQG208M
Actel
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Grading Of Temperature: MILITARY; Form Of Terminal: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 208; Package Code: FQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
EP3C40F484I7N
EP3C40F484I7N by Intel is a FPGA with 39600 logic cells, 331 inputs/outputs, and max clock frequency of 472.5 MHz. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed processing in compact designs due to its CMOS technology and grid array package style.
M7A3P1000-FGG256I
Microchip Technology
M7A3P1000-FGG256I by Microchip Technology is a FPGA with 24576 logic cells, 1.5V nominal voltage, and 350MHz max clock frequency. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed processing, it features 177 inputs/outputs and 1000000 equivalent gates in a compact grid array package.
XC3SD1800A-4CSG484C
The Xilinx XC3SD1800A-4CSG484C FPGA features 37440 logic cells, 4160 CLBs, and 1800000 equivalent gates. It operates at a max clock frequency of 250 MHz and is suitable for applications requiring high-speed processing and programmable ICs in commercial extended temperature environments.
LCMXO2-7000HC-4TG144I
LCMXO2-7000HC-4TG144I by Lattice Semiconductor is a FPGA with 6864 logic cells, 114 inputs/outputs, and operates at 2.5V nominal voltage. Ideal for applications requiring high-density programmable ICs in compact spaces with operating temperatures ranging from -40 to 100°C.
EP4CE10E22C8N
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Grading Of Temperature: OTHER; Form Of Terminal: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 144; Package Code: HLFQFP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
XCKU3P-1FFVB676I
Xilinx XCKU3P-1FFVB676I FPGA offers 355950 logic cells, 20340 CLBs, and 304 inputs/outputs. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-performance computing with a wide operating temperature range from -40 to 100°C. Package style is grid array with a square shape and ball terminals.
M2GL060-FGG676I
Microchip Technology's M2GL060-FGG676I is a PLASTIC/EPOXY FPGA with 676 terminals, operating b/w -40 to 100 °C. It has a supply voltage range of 1.14-1.26 V and can handle peak reflow at 250C. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-performance programmable ICs in a compact GRID ARRAY package.
EP1C6Q240C8N
EP1C6Q240C8N by Intel is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with 5980 logic cells, 598 CLBs, and a max clock frequency of 275 MHz. It is ideal for applications requiring high-speed processing and customization in electronics design, offering versatility with its 185 inputs and outputs. With a compact square package style and low power supply requirements, it suits various embedded systems projects.
10M04DCU324I7G
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Form Of Terminal: BALL; No. of Terminals: 324; Package Code: BGA; Package Shape: SQUARE; Qualification: Not Qualified;
XC7A200T-1FBG484I
Xilinx XC7A200T-1FBG484I FPGA features 215360 logic cells, 16825 CLBs, and a max clock frequency of 1098 MHz. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed processing such as telecommunications, networking, and industrial automation.
LCMXO2-640UHC-4TG144C
LCMXO2-640UHC-4TG144C by Lattice Semiconductor is a 640 logic cell FPGA with max supply voltage of 3.465V. It has 107 inputs/outputs, operates b/w 0-85°C, and uses matte tin terminals. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed processing in compact designs like IoT devices and industrial automation systems.
10CL025YU256C8G
Intel's 10CL025YU256C8G FPGA features 1539 CLBs, operates at 1.2V, and has a max supply voltage of 1.25V. Ideal for applications requiring high-performance computing in a compact form factor with a package style of GRID ARRAY, LOW PROFILE, FINE PITCH.
M2S090TS-1FGG484I
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Form Of Terminal: BALL; No. of Terminals: 484; Package Code: BGA; Package Shape: SQUARE; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
LFE5U-25F-6BG256C
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; JESD-609 Code: e1; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
LFE5U-25F-6BG256I
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; JESD-609 Code: e1; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
LFE5U-25F-8BG381C
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
LFE5U-25F-6BG381C
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED;
LFE5U-45F-8BG381I
LFE5U-25F-8BG381I
LFE5U-45F-7BG256I
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; JESD-609 Code: e1; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
LFE5UM-85F-8BG381I
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED;
LFE5U-12F-6BG256C
LFE5U-12F-6BG256C by Lattice Semiconductor is a PLASTIC/EPOXY FPGA with 1500 CLBs, 197 inputs/outputs, and a max supply voltage of 1.155V. It is used for various applications such as digital signal processing, telecommunications, and industrial automation.
LFE5U-25F-6MG285C
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; JESD-609 Code: e1; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
LFE5U-25F-8BG256I
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; JESD-609 Code: e1; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
LFE5UM-85F-8BG554I
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; JESD-609 Code: e1; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
LFE5U-45F-6BG256I
LFE5UM-25F-6BG381I
LFE5U-45F-6BG554I
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Form Of Terminal: BALL; No. of Terminals: 554; Package Code: FBGA; Package Shape: SQUARE; No. of Outputs: 245;
LFE5UM-85F-8BG554C
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; JESD-609 Code: e1; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
LFE5U-12F-7BG256I
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; JESD-609 Code: e1;
LFE5U-45F-6MG285C
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Finishing Of Terminal Used: TIN SILVER COPPER; JESD-609 Code: e1; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
LFE5U-85F-8BG381C
LFE5U-25F-6TG144C
FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved