Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
The Digi International XB3-24Z8US is a telecom IC with 37 terminals, suitable for industrial applications. It operates b/w -40°C to 85°C, making it ideal for harsh environments. This surface-mount IC comes in a rectangular package style and is designed for other telecom interface functions.
Median Price
$38.250
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
6
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
DigiKey
1+ parts
100+ parts
-
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Mouser Electronics
Newark
$39.400
Nova Conductors
$40.515
Vyrian
Semtec, LLC
Corohmni
$6.516
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$13.440
Advanced Electronics
$14.223
$12.943
$11.663
Bastille Electronics
$40.510
$38.484
$36.054
Continental Prestige Electronics
$39.705
Argo Parts USA
This product can be easily mounted on a PCB, making it ideal for compact designs.
The rectangular shape allows for efficient use of board space, maximizing functionality.
With a high number of terminals, this IC can support complex telecom interfaces.
The microelectronic assembly ensures precise and reliable connections.
The high operating temperature range makes this IC suitable for industrial environments.
With a low minimum operating temperature, this IC can function in extreme conditions.
The industrial temperature grade ensures reliability in harsh operating environments.
The no lead terminal form minimizes the risk of damage during handling and assembly.
Designed specifically for telecom applications, this IC offers optimized performance.
Other Function Telecom Interface ICs XB3-24Z8US attributes and parameters. Explore more Other Function Telecom Interface ICs devices from Digi International
JESD-30 Code:
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Surface Mount:
Telecom IC Type:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
PCN Design/Specification - Firmware version 14/Jul/2021 Mult Dev Firmware Chgs 2/Nov/2020
Since 1985, Digi International Inc. (Digi) has been a pioneer in wireless communication, forging the future for connected devices and responding to the needs of the people and enterprises that use them. Before the Internet of Things was a thing, we built M2M and IoT devices, adapted to evolving network standards, and optimized data communications around the most advanced protocols and emerging technologies. From radio frequency modems to gateways, cellular routers, networking devices, embedded system-on-modules (SOM) and single-board computers (SBCs), Digi's solutions have continually grown to serve the full breadth of applications across the IoT landscape. Today, our IoT offering includes sensor-based solutions, a sophisticated platform for remotely monitoring device deployments of any size, anywhere, as well as professional design, implementation and certification teams to help you carry out your vision, no matter how large or small.
DS18B20Z+
Maxim Integrated
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Body Width: 3.9 inch; Maximum Supply Voltage: 5.5 V;
M39029/58-360
Amphenol
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL Conformity: YES; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; Contact Gender: MALE; Terminal Type: CRIMP; IEC Conformity: NO;
LM555CM
Texas Instruments
LM555CM by Texas Instruments is an Analog Waveform Generation IC with a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 16V and max operating temperature of 70°C. It comes in a small outline package, suitable for applications requiring pulse generation or rectangular waveform outputs. With surface mount capability and low supply current of 15mA, it is ideal for commercial-grade electronic circuits.
SS14
Taitron Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138
Vishay Semiconductors
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
BSS138K-13
Diodes Incorporated
BSS138K-13 by Diodes Inc. is a N-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, ideal for switching applications. It features single configuration with built-in diode, operating in enhancement mode. With 3 terminals and 0.31A max drain current, it offers high performance in small outline package style.
2N2222A
Space Power Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
1N4148WS
Sangdest Microelectronics (Nanjing)
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
KSZ9031RNXIC
Micrel
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 48; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
LM317TG
Onsemi
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Minimum Input-Output Voltage Differential: 3 V; Qualification Status: Not Qualified; No. of Functions: 1;
M24308/2-1F
Cinch Connectivity Solutions
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 1750VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; Body Depth: .375 inch;
Fairchild Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE; Qualification: Not Qualified;
National Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A;
BSS138LT3G
BSS138LT3G by Onsemi is a N-CHANNEL FET with a min DS breakdown voltage of 50V. It is used for switching applications and has a max drain current of 0.2A and max drain-source on resistance of 3.5 ohm.
LM358M
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
EPCS4SI8N
Altera
CONFIGURATION MEMORY; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Parallel or Serial: SERIAL;
Nte Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Terminal Form: WIRE;
1N4148
Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V; Config: SINGLE; No. of Phases: 1; No. of Elements: 1;
USB2514BI-AEZG
Standard Microsystems
BUS CONTROLLER, UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 36; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
BAV99
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NINA-B112-03B-00
U-blox Ag
TELECOM CIRCUIT;
RN4020-V/RM123
Microchip Technology
RN4020-V/RM123 by Microchip Technology is a telecom IC with 24 terminals, operating at 3.3V. It offers a data rate of 1 Mbps and operates b/w -30 to 85°C. Ideal for telecom applications requiring high-speed data transmission in compact designs.
ADRV9009BBCZ
Analog Devices
Analog Devices ADRV9009BBCZ is a telecom IC with 196 terminals in a low profile grid array package. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with a nominal voltage of 1.3V. Ideal for telecom circuits, it features a fine pitch terminal style and tin silver copper finish.
AX5043-1-TW30
AX5043-1-TW30 by Onsemi is a telecom IC with CMOS technology, operating at -40 to 85°C. It features a data rate of 0.125 Mbps, 28 terminals in a square chip carrier package, and terminal pitch of 0.5 mm. Ideal for telecom circuits, this IC has a nominal voltage of 3V and peak reflow temperature of 260°C.
PN5321A3HN/C106;55
NXP Semiconductors
NXP Semiconductors' PN5321A3HN/C106;55 is a telecom IC with 40 terminals, operating b/w -30 to 85°C. It has a nominal voltage of 3.4V and terminal pitch of 0.5mm. This chip carrier package is suitable for various telecom circuit applications due to its compact size and surface mount capability.
BGM13P22F512GE-V2
Silicon Labs
CC2642R1FRGZT
CC2642R1FRGZT by Texas Instruments is a telecom IC with 48 terminals in a square chip carrier package. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with a supply voltage of 3V. This surface-mount IC is ideal for industrial applications requiring very thin profile components.
PN7161A1HN/C100E
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3;
453-00060C
Laird Technologies
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260;
MFRC53001T/0FE,112
NXP Semiconductors' MFRC53001T/0FE,112 is a telecom IC with 32 terminals in a small outline package. Operating b/w -25°C to 85°C, it has a nominal voltage of 5V and terminal pitch of 1.27mm. Ideal for telecom circuits, this IC is surface mountable and features gull wing terminals.
AD9364BBCZ
AD9364BBCZ by Analog Devices is a telecom IC with 144 terminals in a low profile grid array package. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with a supply voltage of 1.8V. Ideal for telecom circuits, it features a fine pitch and bottom terminal position for surface mount applications.
453-00059C
STUSB1702YQTR
STMicroelectronics
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED;
F2480NBGI8
Renesas Electronics
TELECOM CIRCUIT; JESD-609 Code: e3; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Terminal Finish: Tin (Sn);
TDK5101FHTMA1
Infineon Technologies
Infineon's TDK5101FHTMA1 is a telecom IC with 10 terminals in a small outline, thin profile package. Operating b/w -40°C to 125°C, it has matte tin finish and dual terminal position suitable for automotive applications. With a nominal voltage of 3V, it is designed for telecom circuits requiring precise temperature control.
MAX7042ATJ+
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
CY7B933-JXC
Cypress Semiconductor
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: QCCJ; Package Shape: SQUARE;
RN4020-V/RM
RN4020-V/RM by Microchip Technology is a telecom IC with 24 terminals, operating at 3.3V. It offers a data rate of 1 Mbps and operates b/w -30°C to 85°C. Ideal for applications requiring surface mount technology in compact spaces.
ODIN-W260
ODIN-W260 by U-blox Ag is a TELECOM CIRCUIT with 3.3V supply, operating from -40°C to 85°C. RECTANGULAR MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY package for telecom interfaces, ideal for various applications requiring reliable connectivity in extreme temperature conditions.
MRF24WG0MB-I/RM
MRF24WG0MB-I/RM by Microchip: Operates at -40 to 85°C, with 3.3V supply voltage. Telecom IC for industrial use, featuring 36 terminals in a rectangular package style. Ideal for applications requiring reliable telecom interface ICs.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
XB3-24Z8PT-J
Digi International
XB3-24Z8PT-J by Digi Int. is a telecom IC with 20 terminals in MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY package. Operating temp range -40 to 85°C, INDUSTRIAL grade. Ideal for TELECOM CIRCUIT applications due to THROUGH-HOLE terminal form and DUAL position.
XB3-24Z8UT-J
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Shape: UNSPECIFIED; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED;
XB3-24Z8ST-J
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Shape: UNSPECIFIED; No. of Functions: 1;
XB3-24Z8UM-J
The Digi International XB3-24Z8UM-J is a surface mount telecom IC with 34 terminals. Operating temperature range of -40 to 85°C, suitable for industrial applications. Package style is microelectronic assembly, making it ideal for telecom circuit interfaces.
XB3-24DMCM-J
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED;
XB3-24Z8PT
The Digi International XB3-24Z8PT is a telecom IC with 20 terminals in a MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY package. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C, making it suitable for industrial applications requiring reliable telecom circuit connections. The terminal form is THROUGH-HOLE, ideal for robust and secure installations.
XB3-24Z8ST
The Digi International XB3-24Z8ST is an industrial-grade telecom circuit with 20 terminals in a through-hole package. It operates b/w -40°C to 85°C, making it suitable for various telecom interface applications. Its dual terminal position and microelectronic assembly style enhance its functionality in telecommunications systems.
XB3-24Z8UT
The Digi International XB3-24Z8UT is an industrial-grade telecom circuit with 20 terminals in a through-hole package. It operates b/w -40°C to 85°C, making it suitable for various telecom interface applications. This MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY offers reliable performance in harsh environments.
XB3-24Z8CM-J
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 34; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
XB3-24Z8UM
The Digi International XB3-24Z8UM is a surface mount telecom IC with 34 terminals. Operating temperature ranges from -40°C to 85°C, suitable for industrial applications. With a compact size of 13mm x 19mm, it's ideal for telecom circuit integration in various devices.
XB3-24Z8US-J
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 37; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; JESD-30 Code: R-XXMA-N37;
XB3-24Z8RM-J
XB3-24AUM
The Digi International XB3-24AUM is a TELECOM CIRCUIT with 1 Mbps Data Rate. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, making it suitable for telecom applications. The RECTANGULAR package shape and SPECIAL SHAPE style enhance its performance in telecom interface ICs.
XB3-24DMUM-J
XB3-24AUT-J
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Terminal Form: UNSPECIFIED; Package Code: XMA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; Package Style (Meter): SPECIAL SHAPE;
XB3-24DMCM
XB3-24ARM-J
The Digi International XB3-24ARM-J is a TELECOM CIRCUIT IC with 1 Mbps data rate. Operating temperature range: -40 to 85°C. RECTANGULAR package shape for telecom interfaces, ideal for various telecommunications applications.
XB3-24ARM
The Digi International XB3-24ARM is a TELECOM CIRCUIT with 1 Mbps Data Rate. It operates b/w -40°C to 85°C, making it suitable for various telecom applications. The RECTANGULAR package style and SPECIAL SHAPE design enhance its performance in Other Function Telecom Interface ICs.
XB3-24APS
The Digi International XB3-24APS is a TELECOM CIRCUIT with 1 Mbps Data Rate. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, making it suitable for telecom applications. The RECTANGULAR package shape and SPECIAL SHAPE style enhance its performance in Other Function Telecom Interface ICs.
XB3-24Z8PS
TELECOM CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 37; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Terminal Position: UNSPECIFIED;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved