Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Broadcom's HSDL-4230 is a 5mm single infrared LED with peak wavelength of 875nm. It has a max forward current of 0.1A and nominal output power of 32W. Ideal for applications requiring IR illumination in temperatures ranging from 0 to 70°C.
Median Price
$0.370
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
24
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Arrow
1+ parts
$0.314
100+ parts
-
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
DigiKey
$1.090
$0.568
$0.450
$0.382
Mouser Electronics
$0.561
$0.429
$0.374
Verical
$0.297
Avnet
$0.334
$0.319
Chip1Stop
$0.406
Vyrian
TME
$0.865
$0.234
$0.207
$0.198
Digiode
$0.940
Component Electronics Inc.
$1.150
$0.870
$0.750
Schukat
$0.257
$0.197
Chip Stock
NAC Semi
$0.575
$0.531
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
J2 Sourcing AB
Connector Distribution Corp
Inland Empire Components Inc.
Right Parts Inc.
Bristol Electronics
Nova Conductors
Inventory MP
Extreme Components
ECAB
Resion
Decca Corp
$0.291
$0.288
Corphita
$0.891
Perfect Parts
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Kepictronics
Glotronic Ltd.
Argo Parts USA
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Continental Prestige Electronics
Supply Digital
Aranea Global
Assy Fe
Having a single configuration simplifies the setup and installation process, making this product easy to use for various applications.
The compact size of 5 mm allows for versatile placement options and integration into different devices or systems.
With a high maximum forward current of 0.1 A, this product can handle increased power demands effectively, ensuring reliable performance.
The peak wavelength of 875 nm offers efficient and accurate transmission of infrared signals, making this product ideal for communication and sensing applications.
Being an Infrared LED, this product provides energy-efficient and long-lasting illumination in the infrared spectrum, suitable for security, surveillance, and night vision applications.
With a high maximum operating temperature of 70°C, this product can withstand elevated temperatures, ensuring stable performance in various environmental conditions.
The round shape offers uniform light distribution and easy integration into circular designs or applications, enhancing the overall aesthetics and functionality.
The low minimum operating temperature of 0°C allows this product to function effectively even in cold environments, expanding its usability in different settings.
The terminal finish of Tin/Silver/Copper provides excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, ensuring reliable connections and long-term durability.
With a high nominal output power of 32W, this product delivers bright and strong infrared illumination, suitable for applications requiring intense infrared radiation or detection.
Infrared LEDs HSDL-4230 attributes and parameters. Explore more Infrared LEDs devices from Broadcom
Configuration:
Maximum Forward Current:
JESD-609 Code:
No. of Functions:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Optoelectronic Type:
Nominal Output Power:
Peak Wavelength (nm):
Shape:
Size:
Terminal Finish:
HSDL-4230 Optoelectronics trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8541.40.20.00
SB
Broadcom Inc, a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Jose, CA, is a global technology leader that designs, develops and supplies a broad range of semiconductor and infrastructure software solutions. Broadcom’s category-leading product portfolio serves critical markets including data center, networking, software, broadband, wireless, storage and industrial. Our solutions include data center networking and storage, enterprise and mainframe software focused on automation, monitoring and security, smartphone components, telecoms and factory automation.
SMBJ18CA
Changzhou Starsea Electronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM555CMX
National Semiconductor
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
1N4148
Diotec Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
BSS138NH6327XTSA2
Infineon Technologies
BSS138NH6327XTSA2 by Infineon is a N-CHANNEL FET with 60V DS Breakdown Voltage, ideal for small signal applications. Operating in Enhancement Mode, it has 0.36W Power Dissipation and 3.5 ohm Drain-Source Resistance. With Gull Wing terminals and AEC-Q101 reference standard, it's suitable for automotive electronics due to its high temperature range of -55 to 150 °C.
BAV99
Bytesonic Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N7002
Weitron Technology
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Terminal Finish: TIN LEAD; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
Kec
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
1N4148WS
General Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
B340A-13-F
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358AN
Fairchild Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Toshiba
M39029/58360
Souriau
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; Tool Settings: M22520/2-09; Terminal Type: CRIMP; MIL Conformity: YES; Mating Contacts: M39029/56348;
LM78L05ACMX/NOPB
Texas Instruments
LM78L05ACMX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a fixed positive single output standard regulator with an output voltage of 5V and max current of 0.1A. It operates b/w 0-125°C, has a dropout voltage of 1.6V, and can handle input voltages up to 30V making it ideal for various electronic applications requiring stable power supply.
2N2222A
Semitronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Jiangsu Changjiang Electronics Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): .715 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us; Maximum Output Current: .2 A;
FT232RL-REEL
FTDI
FTDI's FT232RL-REEL is a bus controller with 28 terminals, operating at 3.3V to 5.25V. It supports USB, VBUS, and UART buses with a data transfer rate of 60MBps. Ideal for industrial applications due to its CMOS technology and compatibility with RS232, RS422, and RS485 standards.
DS18B20
Dallas Semiconductor
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape or Style: ROUND; Housing: PLASTIC; Output Interface Type: 1-WIRE INTERFACE;
Rectron
OPA2277UA
Burr-Brown Corporation
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Philips Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; JESD-609 Code: e3;
TSUS5402
Vishay Telefunken
INFRARED LED; Peak Wavelength (nm): 950; Maximum Operating Temperature: 100 Cel; Nominal Output Power: 15 W; Additional Features: HIGH RELIABILITY; No. of Functions: 1;
HSDL-4420#011
Broadcom
Broadcom's HSDL-4420#011 is a 1.78mm ROUND INFRARED LED with Peak Wavelength of 875nm and 0.1A Max Forward Current. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, offering 30W Nominal Output Power. Ideal for applications requiring precise infrared illumination in compact spaces.
TSTA7100
Temic Semiconductors
INFRARED LED; Maximum Operating Temperature: 100 Cel; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Forward Current: .1 A; Nominal Output Power: 10 W; No. of Functions: 1;
HSM9-C380
INFRARED LED; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Maximum Forward Voltage: 1.5 V; Packing Method: TR, 7 INCH; Maximum Forward Current: .07 A; Shape: ROUND;
ASDL-4772-C41
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn); Peak Wavelength (nm): 940; JESD-609 Code: e3; Shape: ROUND; Size: 1.6 mm;
ASDL-4770-C41
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn); Configuration: SINGLE; JESD-609 Code: e3; No. of Functions: 1; Shape: ROUND;
TLN211
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Shape: ROUND; Maximum Forward Current: .05 A; Configuration: SINGLE; Nominal Output Power: 12 W;
QEB373
Onsemi
QEB373 by Onsemi is a 2mm IR LED with peak wavelength of 880nm. It has max forward current of 0.05A and operates b/w -40 to 100°C. Ideal for surface mount applications requiring a round, AlGaAs semiconductor IR LED with matte tin finish and viewing angle of 24°.
LTE-302-M-002
Lite-on Technology
Infrared LEDs;
SLR9118A
SLR9118A by Onsemi is an Infrared LED with 0.1A forward current, 945nm peak wavelength, and 50° viewing angle. Ideal for applications requiring IR illumination in a temperature range of -25 °C to 80°C. Through hole mount feature makes it easy to install in various devices.
QED123
Qt Optoelectronics
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Configuration: SINGLE; Shape: ROUND; Peak Wavelength (nm): 880;
OP240A
Optek Technology
INFRARED LED; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Size: 1.58 mm; Shape: ROUND; Configuration: SINGLE; Peak Wavelength (nm): 890;
SLR738AV40
SLR738AV40 by Onsemi is an Infrared LED with 0.1A max forward current, 850nm peak wavelength, and 80 °C max operating temp. Ideal for applications requiring a 26° viewing angle, it has a max reverse voltage of 3V. Through hole mount feature and low forward voltage of 1.7V make it versatile for various projects.
IRL81A
Siemens
INFRARED LED; No. of Functions: 1; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .1 A; Configuration: SINGLE; Shape: ROUND;
TSML1030
Telefunken Microelectronics
Infrared LEDs; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Peak Wavelength (nm): 950; Maximum Forward Current: .1 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel;
TSAL4400-MS12
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's TSAL4400-MS12 is an infrared LED with peak wavelength of 940nm, forward current of 0.1A, and viewing angle of 50°. Ideal for applications requiring IR transmission or sensing in a temperature range from -55°C to 100°C.
VSML3710-GS18
VSML3710-GS18 by Vishay Intertechnology is a 2.4mm ROUND INFRARED LED with Peak Wavelength of 940nm and 0.1A Max Forward Current. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, making it ideal for applications requiring high-power IR illumination in various industries.
QED234A4R0
QED234A4R0 by Qt Optoelectronics is a 5mm INFRARED LED with peak wavelength of 940nm. It has a max forward current of 0.1A and operates b/w -40°C to 100°C. Ideal for applications requiring infrared illumination in various electronic devices.
LD271H
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Shape: ROUND; Peak Wavelength (nm): 950; No. of Functions: 1; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
SFH487P
Osram Opto Semiconductors
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin (Sn); JESD-609 Code: e3; Size: 3 mm; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 100 Cel;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
Hewlett Packard
INFRARED LED; Configuration: SINGLE; Nominal Output Power: 30 W; No. of Functions: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Size: 1.78 mm;
Agilent Technologies
INFRARED LED; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Reverse Voltage: 5 V; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Forward Voltage: 1.7 V;
INFRARED LED; Shape: ROUND; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Peak Wavelength (nm): 875; Maximum Forward Current: .1 A;
HSDL-4420#031
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin (Sn); Size: 1.78 mm; JESD-609 Code: e3; Configuration: SINGLE; Shape: ROUND;
INFRARED LED; Size: 1.78 mm; Configuration: SINGLE; Shape: ROUND; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Nominal Output Power: 30 W;
INFRARED LED; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Viewing Angle: 24 deg; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Size: 1.78 mm;
INFRARED LED; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Forward Voltage: 1.7 V; No. of Functions: 1; JESD-609 Code: e0;
HSDL-4230
INFRARED LED; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; No. of Functions: 1; Minimum Operating Temperature: 0 Cel; Maximum Forward Current: .1 A;
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; No. of Functions: 1; Configuration: SINGLE;
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Peak Wavelength (nm): 875; Size: 5 mm; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Forward Current: .1 A;
HSDL-4400#1L1
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin (Sn); Shape: CYLINDRICAL; JESD-609 Code: e3; Size: 1.78 mm; No. of Functions: 1;
HSDL-4260
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu); Maximum Forward Current: .1 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 875; No. of Functions: 1; Configuration: SINGLE;
HSDL-4400#1S1
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin (Sn); Peak Wavelength (nm): 875; Configuration: SINGLE; Nominal Output Power: 30 W; JESD-609 Code: e3;
HSDL-4400-OPTION-021
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin (Sn); Nominal Output Power: 30 W; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
HSDL-4261
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu); No. of Functions: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e1; Maximum Forward Current: .1 A;
HSDL-4420
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin (Sn); JESD-609 Code: e3; Configuration: SINGLE; No. of Functions: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel;
HSDL-4270
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu); Maximum Forward Current: .1 A; No. of Functions: 1; JESD-609 Code: e1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel;
HSDL-4271
INFRARED LED; Terminal Finish: Tin/Silver/Copper (Sn/Ag/Cu); Size: 5 mm; Configuration: SINGLE; JESD-609 Code: e1; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
HSDL-4220
INFRARED LED; Size: 5 mm; Maximum Forward Current: .1 A; Peak Wavelength (nm): 875; Minimum Operating Temperature: 0 Cel; Nominal Output Power: 38 W;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved