Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Add filters
All
Selected
TL7702AIP/A
STMicroelectronics
TL7702AIP/A by STMicroelectronics is a versatile power management IC with a nominal voltage of 5V and operates b/w -25 °C to 85 °C. It features an 8-terminal, through-hole design and supports supply voltages from 3.6V to 18V. Ideal for power supply applications, it ensures reliable performance in various environments.
NO
POWER SUPPLY SUPPORT CIRCUIT
R-PDIP-T8
1
8
85 Cel
-25 Cel
PLASTIC/EPOXY
DIP
RECTANGULAR
IN-LINE
Not Qualified
5.08 mm
18 V
3.6 V
5 V
COMMERCIAL EXTENDED
THROUGH-HOLE
2.54 mm
DUAL
7.62 mm
STMPS2272MTR
STMPS2272MTR by STMicroelectronics is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating b/w -40 to 85°C. It supports a nominal voltage of 5V and has a small outline package style. Ideal for power supply support circuits in applications requiring dual-channel operation within a compact form factor.
R-PDSO-G8
4.9 mm
2
-40 Cel
SOP
SOP8,.24
SMALL OUTLINE
1.75 mm
5.5 V
2.7 V
YES
GULL WING
1.27 mm
3.9 mm
BQ2057SNG4
Texas Instruments
BQ2057SNG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 4.5-15V, and adjustable threshold feature. It is designed for power supply support circuits in applications requiring a compact rectangular package with surface mount capability.
e4
70 Cel
-20 Cel
SOP8,.25
260
4.5/15
Power Management Circuits
4 mA
15 V
4.5 V
OTHER
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD
30
TL7705ACD1/A
TL7705ACD1/A by STMicroelectronics is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 3.6V to 18V, and temperature range of 0°C to 70°C. It is used in power supply support circuits due to its small outline package and surface-mount capability.
0 Cel
COMMERCIAL
TL7705ACP/A
STMicroelectronics TL7705ACP/A is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating at 3.6-18V. It has a rectangular package style, suitable for power supply support circuits. With a temperature range of 0-70°C, it is ideal for commercial applications requiring a nominal voltage of 5V.
TL7705AID1/A
STMicroelectronics TL7705AID1/A is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, 5V nominal voltage, and 3.6V min supply voltage. It is used in power supply support circuits, operates b/w -25°C to 85°C, and has a small outline rectangular package for surface mount applications.
TL7705AID1013TRA
STMicroelectronics TL7705AID1013TRA is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 3.6V to 18V, and temp range of -25°C to 85°C. It is used in power supply support circuits due to its small outline package and gull wing terminal form.
TPS3307-18MDREPG4
TPS3307-18MDREPG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, 8 terminals, and MILITARY temperature grade. It is used in power supply support circuits, featuring adjustable threshold voltage and surface mount package for various applications.
3
125 Cel
-55 Cel
2/6
.04 mA
6 V
2 V
3.3 V
MILITARY
+1.25,1.68,2.93V
TPS2068DR
TPS2068DR by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 3.3V supply voltage, 8 terminals, and 0-70°C operating temperature range. It is used in power supply support circuits, featuring small outline package style for surface mount applications.
UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT
.07 mA
TPS2068D
TPS2068D by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for power supply support circuits. It features a small outline package style, gull wing terminal form, and operates b/w 0-70°C temperature range.
S-8232PAFT-T2-G
Ablic
Ablic's S-8232PAFT-T2-G is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating voltage of 2-16V, and adjustable threshold at +4.305V. Ideal for industrial applications, it has a small outline package with gull wing terminals and operates b/w -40 to 85°C.
DETECTION THRESHOLD VOLTAGE IS 4.305V
4.4 mm
TSSOP
TSSOP8,.25
SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH
NOT SPECIFIED
2/16
1.1 mm
.0127 mA
16 V
INDUSTRIAL
.65 mm
+4.305V
3 mm
INA219BID
INA219BID by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage and 1mA max supply current. It features a small outline package style, suitable for automotive applications. With a temperature range of -40 to 125°C, it offers precise power monitoring in compact designs.
3.3
1 mA
3 V
AUTOMOTIVE
+2V
BQ29419PWG4
BQ29419PWG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating b/w -40 to 110°C. It supports supply voltages from 4V to 25V and has a peak reflow temperature of 260°C. Ideal for industrial applications requiring power supply support circuits in compact spaces.
110 Cel
1.2 mm
25 V
4 V
14 V
STHS2375AM6F
STHS2375AM6F by STMicroelectronics is a versatile power management IC with a nominal voltage of 48V and operates in extreme temperatures from -40 °C to 85°C. It features an adjustable threshold and supports up to 57V, making it ideal for industrial applications. Its compact design (3.8mm x 4.8mm) ensures efficient surface mounting in various electronic devices.
4.8 mm
48
.45 mA
57 V
0 V
48 V
3.8 mm
STHS2375LM6F
STHS2375LM6F by STMicroelectronics is a versatile power management IC with a nominal voltage of 48V and operates in temperatures from -40 °C to 85°C. It features an adjustable threshold and supports up to 57V, making it ideal for industrial applications. Its compact design (3.8mm x 4.8mm) ensures efficient surface mounting in various electronic devices.
STHS2377AM6F
STHS2377AM6F by STMicroelectronics is a versatile power management IC with a nominal voltage of 48V and operates in extreme temperatures from -40 °C to 85°C. It features an adjustable threshold and supports up to 57V, making it ideal for industrial applications. Its compact design (3.8mm x 4.8mm) ensures efficient surface mounting in various electronic devices.
TPS2069DGNG4
TPS2069DGNG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating at 3.3V nominal voltage. It has a small outline package style and can withstand industrial temperature grades from -40 to 85°C. Ideal for power supply support circuits in various applications.
S-PDSO-G8
HTSSOP
SQUARE
SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH
NICKEL PALLADIUM GOLD SILVER
TPS2069DGNRG4
TPS2069DGNRG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for industrial applications. It features a small outline package style, dual terminal position, and can operate in temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C. With surface mount capability and low supply current of 0.07mA, it offers efficient power supply support in compact designs.
STMPS2161TTR
STMPS2161TTR by STMicroelectronics is a compact power management IC designed for efficient voltage regulation. It operates b/w 2.7V and 5.5V, with a max temp of 85 °C, featuring an 8-terminal gull-wing design. Ideal for space-constrained applications, it ensures reliable performance in various electronic devices.
BQ24401PWG4
BQ24401PWG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 5V nominal voltage, 8 terminals, and 1mA max supply current. It is used in power supply support circuits, featuring a buck switcher configuration and adjustable threshold for various applications. The IC has a small outline package style with thin profile and shrink pitch, suitable for surface mount assembly.
5
BUCK
ADM13307-18ARZ
Analog Devices
ADM13307-18ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V supply voltage, -40 to 85°C operating temperature range, and 8 terminals in a small outline package. It is used as a power supply support circuit in industrial applications requiring adjustable threshold levels and surface mount compatibility.
MANUAL RESET
e3
MATTE TIN
ADM13307-25ARZ
ADM13307-25ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for industrial applications. It features a small outline package style, matte tin terminal finish, and adjustable threshold. With a temperature range of -40 to 85 °C, it supports power supply circuits in various electronic devices.
ADM13307-33ARZ-RL7
ADM13307-33ARZ-RL7 by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for industrial applications. It features a small outline package style, matte tin terminal finish, and adjustable threshold. With a temperature range of -40 to 85 °C, it offers reliable power supply support in compact dimensions for various electronic devices.
ADM13307-33ARZ
ADM13307-33ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for industrial applications. It features a small outline package style, matte tin terminal finish, and adjustable threshold. With a temperature range of -40 to 85 °C, it is ideal for power supply support circuits in various electronic devices.
ADM13307-4ARZ-RL7
ADM13307-4ARZ-RL7 by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, -40 to 85 °C operating temperature range, and 8 terminals in a small outline package. It is used as a power supply support circuit in industrial applications requiring adjustable threshold levels and surface mount compatibility.
Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed
40
ADM13307-4ARZ
ADM13307-4ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V supply voltage, 8 terminals, and -40 to 85 °C operating temperature range. It is used in industrial applications for power supply support circuits due to its small outline package and adjustable threshold feature.
ADM13307-5ARZ
ADM13307-5ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for industrial applications. It features a small outline package style, matte tin terminal finish, and adjustable threshold. With a wide operating temperature range (-40 to 85°C), it is ideal for power supply support circuits in various electronic devices.
ADM13305-18ARZ-RL7
ADM13305-18ARZ-RL7 by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for industrial applications. It features a small outline package style, dual terminal position, and matte tin finish. With 2 channels and operating temperatures from -40 to 85 °C, it offers efficient power supply management in compact dimensions.
MANUAL RESET INPUT
POWER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT CIRCUIT
ADM13305-18ARZ
ADM13305-18ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V supply voltage, 8 terminals, and industrial temperature grade. It is used in power supply management circuits, featuring a small outline package style for surface mount applications.
ADM13305-25ARZ
ADM13305-25ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, -40 to 85 °C operating temperature range, and 8 terminals in a small outline package. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring power supply management circuits in compact spaces with surface mount capabilities.
ADM13305-33ARZ-RL7
ADM13305-33ARZ-RL7 by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for industrial applications. It features 8 terminals, operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, and supports dual terminal position. With a compact design and peak reflow temperature of 260 °C, it offers efficient power supply management in a small outline package.
3/5
ADM13305-33ARZ
ADM13305-33ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V nominal voltage, suitable for industrial applications. It features small outline package style, dual terminal position, and matte tin finish. With a wide operating temperature range (-40 to 85 °C), it offers efficient power supply management in compact form factor.
ADM13305-4ARZ-RL7
ADM13305-4ARZ-RL7 by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3/5 V supplies, 8 terminals, and 1.75 mm seated height. It's used in industrial applications for power supply management circuits due to its adjustable threshold feature and -40 to 85°C operating temperature range.
ADM13305-5ARZ
ADM13305-5ARZ by Analog Devices is a Power Management IC with 3.3V supply voltage, 8 terminals, and industrial temperature grade. It is used for power supply management circuits in applications requiring a small outline package with surface mount capability.
BQ24316DSGT
BQ24316DSGT by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 3-24V, and adjustable threshold at +2.7V. It is designed for industrial applications, featuring a small outline package with surface mount capability and a wide temperature range from -40 to 85°C.
RESET THRESHOLD VOLTAGE IS 6.8V
S-PDSO-N8
2 mm
HVSON
SOLCC8,.08,20
SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE
3/24
.8 mm
.6 mA
26 V
Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)
NO LEAD
.5 mm
+2.7V
BQ24401DG4
BQ24401DG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating b/w -20 to 70°C. It supports a supply voltage range of 4-6V and has an adjustable threshold feature. This IC is ideal for applications requiring power supply support circuits in compact designs.
3.905 mm
BQ24316DSGTG4
BQ24316DSGTG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 3.3V to 26V, and adjustable threshold at +2.7V. It is designed for industrial applications, featuring a small outline package with very thin profile suitable for surface mount assembly. With a max operating temperature of 85°C and low supply current of 0.6 mA, it offers reliable power supply support in various electronic systems.
TL7705BQDG4
TL7705BQDG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals and a supply voltage range of 3.6V to 18V. It has an adjustable threshold voltage of 4.55V, suitable for automotive applications due to its temperature grade and small outline package style. The IC supports power supply circuits and operates in a wide temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.
POWER-ON RESET GENERATOR
3.6/18
3.5 mA
BIPOLAR
4.55
TL7705BQDRG4
TL7705BQDRG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, Vsup of 5V, and Isup of 3.5mA. Ideal for automotive applications due to its temperature grade and adjustable threshold feature.
DS1231-50/G
Maxim Integrated
POWER SUPPLY SUPPORT CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
e0
9.375 mm
DIP8,.3
4.572 mm
2 mA
TIN LEAD
STM706AM6F
STM706AM6F by STMicroelectronics is a compact power management IC with a nominal voltage of 5V, operating b/w -40 °C to 85°C. It features an 8-terminal gull-wing package and supports voltages from 1.2V to 5.5V, ideal for industrial applications. Its small outline design ensures efficient space utilization in electronic devices.
THRESHOLD VOLTAGE IS 4.38V; MANUAL RESET INPUT
1.5/5
.06 mA
1.2 V
+4.38V
STM708AM6F
STM708AM6F by STMicroelectronics is a versatile power management IC with a nominal voltage of 5V, operating from -40 °C to 85°C. It features an 8-terminal gull-wing package and supports voltages from 1.2V to 5.5V. Ideal for industrial applications, it ensures reliable performance in compact designs.
TPS2115ADRBTG4
TPS2115ADRBTG4 by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 2.8V Nominal Voltage, 1.8/5V Power Supplies, and 85°C Max Operating Temperature. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring dual-channel power supply support circuits in a small outline package with surface mount capability.
SOLCC8,.12,25
1.8/5
1 mm
.09 mA
1.5 V
2.8 V
STM706PAM6F
STM706PAM6F by STMicroelectronics is a compact power management IC with a nominal voltage of 3V and operates b/w -40 °C to 85°C. It features an 8-terminal gull-wing package and supports supply voltages from 1.2V to 5.5V, ideal for industrial applications. Its low max current of 0.06mA ensures efficient power management in various devices.
+2.63V
STM708RAM6F
STM708RAM6F by STMicroelectronics is a compact power management IC with a nominal voltage of 3V and operates b/w -40 °C to 85°C. It features an 8-terminal gull-wing package and supports supply voltages from 1.2V to 5.5V, ideal for industrial applications. Its small outline design ensures efficient space utilization in electronic devices.
RESET THRESHOLD VOLTAGE IS 2.63V
STM708SAM6F
STM708SAM6F by STMicroelectronics is a versatile power management IC with a nominal voltage of 3.3V, operating from -40 °C to 85°C. It features an 8-terminal gull-wing package and supports supply voltages from 1.2V to 5.5V, ideal for industrial applications. Its compact design ensures efficient performance in space-constrained environments.
RESET THRESHOLD VOLTAGE IS 2.93V
BD37A41FVM-TR
ROHM
ROHM's BD37A41FVM-TR is a Power Management IC with 5V supply voltage, 8 terminals, and 0.014mA max supply current. Ideal for industrial applications, it features a small outline package with dual terminal position and operates b/w -40 to 105°C.
DETECTION THRESHOLD VOLTAGE IS 4.1V
2.9 mm
105 Cel
VSSOP
TSSOP8,.16
SMALL OUTLINE, VERY THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH
.9 mm
.014 mA
10 V
2.5 V
2.8 mm
BQ24351DSGR
BQ24351DSGR by Texas Instruments is a Power Management IC with 8 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It supports supply voltages from 4.4V to 30V and has a max current of 0.5mA. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise power supply support in a compact square package.
Battery over-voltage protection(Min/Max)(V) : 4.35 and 4.35
.5 mA
30 V
4.4 V
+1.95V
© 2023 All rights reserved