Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
VS-50RIA120 by Vishay Intertechnology is a 1200V SCR with max. DC gate trigger current of 100mA and max. RMS on-state current of 80A. Ideal for applications requiring high power control in industrial settings due to its robust construction and wide operating temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.
Median Price
$23.880
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
19
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Farnell
1+ parts
$20.010
100+ parts
$12.720
1k+ parts
$12.220
10k+ parts
-
Newark
$15.740
RS (Exports)
$24.120
$17.120
RS Americas
$24.300
$17.260
Mouser Electronics
$25.470
$15.360
DigiKey
$25.960
$15.744
Distrelec
Verical
$15.429
Future Electronics
$8.970
$8.830
Avnet
$8.993
Ozdisan Elektronik
$7.064
Galco
$18.740
Nova Conductors
$18.767
TME
$24.850
$15.860
Vyrian
NAC Semi
$14.950
$13.800
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
IBS Electronics
$11.661
$11.479
ARCEL Power Electronics
$8.800
Corohmni
$3.009
Modulus Dynamics
$3.908
Advanced Electronics
$4.270
$3.886
$3.501
Ampacity Inc.
$6.010
AZTECH Wire
$16.834
Aranea Global
$18.391
$17.656
Continental Prestige Electronics
$21.630
$17.170
Allen Electronics Distributors
$25.670
$19.430
Microchip USA
$57.592
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Argo Parts USA
Perfect Parts
Robosynatics
Lucentia Tech
$4.640
$4.546
Epart123
$11.350
$9.380
Kepictronics
GreenTree Electronics
Provides durability and efficient heat dissipation, making it suitable for high-power applications.
Ensures reliable triggering and control, making it suitable for precise voltage regulation.
Simplifies installation and maintenance, ideal for space-constrained environments.
Facilitates easy mounting and handling, suitable for various industrial applications.
Allows for secure and stable connections, ensuring consistent performance over time.
Offers robust protection against reverse voltage spikes, enhancing product longevity.
Simplifies wiring and connections, making it user-friendly for installation and maintenance.
Enables versatile mounting options, suitable for a range of equipment and systems.
Provides reliability in high-temperature environments, ensuring continuous operation under stress.
Offers reliable switching and control capabilities, making it suitable for various power management applications.
Allows for operation in cold environments, enhancing the product's versatility and usability.
Provides corrosion resistance and low contact resistance, ensuring long-term reliability.
Facilitates easy access and installation, enhancing the product's usability and maintenance.
Supports high current loads, making it suitable for demanding industrial applications.
Ensures reliable isolation and protection, enhancing the product's safety and performance.
Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) VS-50RIA120 attributes and parameters. Explore more Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCR) devices from Vishay Intertechnology
Configuration:
Maximum DC Gate Trigger Current:
JEDEC-95 Code:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
No. of Elements:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Maximum RMS On-state Current:
Repetitive Peak Off-state Voltage:
Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Trigger Device Type:
VS-50RIA120 Triggering Devices trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8541.30.00.80
SB
PCN Assembly/Origin - DD-006-2014-Rev-0 03/Mar/2014
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. is a renowned American manufacturer of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components that have been used in many consumer products and industrial applications worldwide. Founded by Polish-born businessman Felix Zandman in 1962, Vishay has grown to become one of the world's largest manufacturers of these components, with a strong presence in every major market around the globe. The company also offers value-added solutions such as its patented passive components, replacing a number of legacy parts with more reliable, cost effective solutions.
Executive Chairman of the Board, Chief Business Development Officer
Marc Zandman
Chief Executive Officer, President, and Director
Joel Smejkal
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Lori Lipcaman
Itzehoe - Fab Phase 1
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
2025
Germany
Itzehoe
Wafer Capacity
US - Fab 3
1986
USA
Santa Clara
24,500
US - Fab 2
1972
8,000
Austria
1984
Vöcklabruck
25,000
Taiwan
1967
Hsintien
12,000
Italy - Fab 8
1961
Canada
Torino
15,000
Israel
2000
Yokneam Illit
400
LM358AN
Onsemi
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N7002
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
LM317T
Samsung
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Maximum Load Regulation (%): 1.5 %; Operating Temperature (TJ-Min): 0 Cel; Maximum Line Regulation (%/V): .07;
ABS10-32.768KHZ-T
Abracon
Abracon's ABS10-32.768KHZ-T crystal oscillator offers 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 122% stability, and 70000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing at 0.032768 MHz, such as IoT devices and wearables due to its compact size and low power consumption.
1N4148
Jgd Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Operating Temperature: 175 Cel; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: .5 A; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V;
BSS138
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's BSS138 is a N-CHANNEL FET with SINGLE configuration and ENHANCEMENT MODE operation. It features 0.35W power dissipation, METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR tech, and 150°C max temp. Ideal for surface mount applications in various electronic circuits requiring efficient power management.
1N4148WS
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SMBJ18CA
Protek Devices
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DS18B20U
Maxim Integrated
DS18B20U by Maxim Integrated is a 12-bit temperature sensor with 1-Wire interface. It operates b/w -55 to 125°C, offering ±0.5°C accuracy. Suitable for applications requiring digital output and surface mounting feature.
LM555CN
Fairchild Semiconductor
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
2N2222A
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
SS14
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Phases: 1; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 40 A; Technology: SCHOTTKY; No. of Elements: 1;
M24308/2-1F
Itt Cannon
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Additional Features: STANDARD: MIL-DTL-24308, POLARIZED; Mating Info.: MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE; Filter Feature: NO;
LM2931Z-5.0RPG
LM2931Z-5.0RPG by Onsemi is a Fixed Positive Single Output LDO Regulator with 5V Nominal Output Voltage, 0.1A Max Output Current, and 6V Min Input Voltage. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125 °C and is ideal for applications requiring stable voltage regulation in electronic circuits.
National Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss): 10 pF; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-236AB;
CRG0805F10R
Tyco Electronics Components
FIXED RESISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Resistance: 10 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .125 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Tolerance: 1 %;
FDLL4148
FDLL4148 by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us. With a max forward voltage of 1V and output current of 0.2A, it is ideal for applications requiring fast switching speeds in electronic circuits. The diode's glass package body material and isolated case connection make it suitable for surface mount designs operating at temperatures up to 175°C.
BAV99
Panasonic
MIXER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Allegro MicroSystems
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Thinking Electronic Industrial
TIC106S
Texas Instruments
TIC106S by Texas Instruments is a Silicon Controlled Rectifier with max on-state current of 3.2A, trigger voltage of 1.2V, and off-state voltage of 700V. Ideal for applications requiring precise gate triggering in circuits with currents up to 30A and voltages up to 700V.
2N6509G
2N6509G by Onsemi is a single SCR with max on-state current of 8A, non-repetitive peak current of 250A, and DC gate trigger voltage of 1.5V. It is used in applications requiring high power control such as industrial motor drives and lighting systems due to its high repetitive peak reverse voltage of 800V.
2N1916
Microsemi
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Terminal Form: HIGH CURRENT CABLE;
C106D1
The Onsemi C106D1 is a single SCR with max. on-state current of 4A, non-repetitive peak on-state current of 20A, and max. DC gate trigger current of 0.2mA. It is used in applications requiring reliable switching at temperatures ranging from -40°C to 110°C, such as power control circuits and motor drives.
JANTX2N2324
Cobham Plc
SCR; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Configuration: SINGLE; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-39;
MCR12DSMT4G
Littelfuse
SCR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Position: SINGLE; Configuration: SINGLE; Case Connection: ANODE;
S1A
Hutson Industries
SCR; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Holding Current: 5 mA;
MCD224-20IO1
The Littelfuse MCD224-20IO1 is a SCR with 220mA DC Gate Trigger Current, 8000A Non Repetitive Peak On-state Current, and 240A Max On-state Current. It is used in applications requiring high current switching capabilities such as industrial power control systems.
JANTX2N2324A
Vpt Components
SCR; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum DC Gate Trigger Current: 75 mA;
2N2323A
SCR; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Holding Current: 3 mA; Maximum Leakage Current: .1 mA; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum On-state Current: 1.6 A;
2N6504G
The Onsemi 2N6504G is a single SCR with max DC gate trigger current of 30mA and non-repetitive peak on-state current of 250A. It is used in applications requiring high on-state current handling capabilities, such as power control circuits and motor drives.
TT60N16SOFHPSA1
Infineon Technologies
Infineon's TT60N16SOFHPSA1 is a 1600V SCR with 90A RMS current, ideal for high-power applications. Features include 100mA gate trigger current, -40 to 125°C operating range, and isolated case connection. Commonly used in industrial equipment and power control systems due to its robust design and high voltage handling capabilities.
JAN2N2323AS
Silicon Transistor
SCR; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Configuration: SINGLE; Terminal Form: WIRE;
JANTX2N2324S
2N1595
Semitronics
SCR; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Configuration: SINGLE; JESD-30 Code: O-MBCY-W3;
2N1595 by Texas Instruments is a SCR with 10mA DC Gate Trigger Current, 15A Non Repetitive Peak On-state Current, and 1.6A Max On-state Current. It is used in applications requiring high current switching such as power control circuits and motor drives due to its robust design and fast turn-off time of 10us.
JANTX2N2324AS
Unitrode
SCR; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Configuration: SINGLE; Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V;
Motorola
SCR; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Repetitive Peak Off-state Leakage Current: 10 uA;
SKKH92/16E
Semikron International
SKKH92/16E by Semikron International is a Silicon Controlled Rectifier with max DC Gate Trigger Current of 150mA, Non Repetitive Peak On-state Current of 2000A, and Max On-state Current of 95A. Ideal for applications requiring high current switching such as industrial power control systems.
2N1597
Central Semiconductor
SCR; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Configuration: SINGLE; Package Body Material: METAL;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
VS-50RIA120S90
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum DC Gate Trigger Current: 100 mA;
VS-50RIA100
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Package Body Material: METAL;
VS-50RIA10M
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
VS-50RIA10S90
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Package Shape: ROUND;
VS-50RIA10
VS-50RIA120M
VS-50RIA120S90M
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 1200 V;
VS-50RIA20M
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Terminal Form: SOLDER LUG;
VS-50RIA20S90M
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; No. of Terminals: 2;
VS-50RIA20S90
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Repetitive Peak Off-state Voltage: 200 V;
VS-50RIA40S90M
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 400 V;
VS-50RIA40S90
VS-50RIA40
VS-50RIA60M
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel;
VS-50RIA60S90M
VS-50RIA60S90
VS-50RIA60
VS-50RIA60 by Vishay Intertechnology is a single SCR with 600V repetitive peak reverse voltage and 80A max RMS on-state current. Ideal for applications requiring high power control, such as industrial motor drives and power supplies. Operating temperature ranges from -40°C to 125°C.
VS-50RIA80M
SCR; Package Style (Meter): POST/STUD MOUNT; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Position: UPPER; Configuration: SINGLE; Terminal Finish: TIN OVER NICKEL;
VS-50RIA80S90M
VS-50RIA80S90
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved