Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
P110KV1-1F15BR100K by Tt Electronics Plc is a linear conductive plastic potentiometer with 100k ohm resistance, 20% tolerance, and 0.05W power dissipation. It is used in applications requiring precise resistance adjustment such as audio equipment and industrial controls due to its linear law of resistance. The through-hole mount PCB package style makes it easy to install for various electronic devices.
Median Price
$1.990
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
3
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
DigiKey
1+ parts
100+ parts
$1.379
1k+ parts
$1.209
10k+ parts
$0.989
Nova Conductors
$0.639
-
Vyrian
Advanced Electronics
$0.035
$0.032
$0.029
Netroflash
$0.626
Perfect Parts
Allows for easy installation in various applications.
Provides reliable and accurate resistance values.
Ensures a consistent and predictable response to changes.
Protects against electrical interference and ensures safety.
Ideal for precise adjustment and control of circuits.
Offers flexibility in connections for different circuit designs.
Easily integrated into printed circuit boards for compact designs.
Facilitates secure and stable connections.
Can withstand high temperatures for extended use.
Suitable for use in cold environments without performance issues.
Allows for easy soldering onto PCBs or terminals.
Provides variable resistance for precise adjustments.
Offers smooth and easy adjustment of resistance values.
Provides a margin of error for variations in resistance values.
Compact size for space-saving installation.
Secure mounting for stable and reliable connections.
Suitable for low-power applications without overheating.
Compact width for versatile placement in tight spaces.
Allows for a wide range of resistance adjustment.
Variable Resistors P110KV1-1F15BR100K attributes and parameters. Explore more Variable Resistors devices from Tt Electronics Plc
Orientation (Actuator):
Type (Actuator):
Additional Features:
Construction:
Ganging Number:
Length (Lead):
Mounting Type:
No. of Terminals:
No. of Turns:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Length (Package):
Package Style (Meter):
Width (Package):
Rated Power Dissipation (P):
Resistance:
Law Of Resistance:
Resistor Type:
Angle Of Rotation:
Technology:
Terminal Shape:
Tolerance:
P110KV1-1F15BR100K Resistors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8533.40.80.70
SB
8533.40.00.80
Our primary focus areas for growth and investment are in the end markets of healthcare, aerospace & defence, and automation & electrification which includes products that address resource scarcity, improve energy efficiency, support renewables and drive productivity, connectivity and health.
1N4148
Synsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM107H
Intersil
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Nominal Common Mode Reject Ratio: 96 dB;
SMBJ18CA
Fagor Electronica S Coop
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
M39029/58-360
Amphenol
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL Conformity: YES; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; Contact Gender: MALE; Terminal Type: CRIMP; IEC Conformity: NO;
C1206C104M5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C1206C104M5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V rated DC voltage. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125°C operating range, and ±20% tolerance. Ideal for surface mount applications in electronics requiring stable capacitance across temperatures.
ST3485EBDR
STMicroelectronics
ST3485EBDR by STMicroelectronics is a Line Driver & Receiver with 3.3V power supply, EIA-422/EIA-485 interface standard, and 30ns max transmit delay. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring differential output and operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C.
B340A-13-F
Diodes Incorporated
B340A-13-F by Diodes Inc. is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V reverse test voltage, 3A max output current, and 0.5V max forward voltage. It is used for efficiency applications in electronics due to its small outline package and high operating temperature range of -55°C to 150°C.
MMBT2907ALT1G
Onsemi
MMBT2907ALT1G by Onsemi is a PNP BJT transistor with 100 min hFE, 60V VCEO, and 200MHz fT. Ideal for switching applications, it has a small outline package with Gull Wing terminals and can handle up to 0.6A of collector current.
MMBT3904-7-F
Diodes Inc. MMBT3904-7-F is a NPN BJT transistor for switching applications. Features include VCEsat of 0.3V, hFE of 30, and IC of 0.2A. With a max operating temp of 150°C, it's ideal for small outline SMT designs in automotive electronics.
Fairchild Semiconductor
Mde Semiconductor
2N7002
Teledyne Components
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; No. of Terminals: 3;
Infineon Technologies
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
2N2222A
Vpt Components
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Maximum Power Dissipation Ambient: .5 W;
M24308/2-1F
Itt Cannon
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Additional Features: STANDARD: MIL-DTL-24308, POLARIZED; Mating Info.: MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE; Filter Feature: NO;
FT232RL-REEL
FTDI
FTDI's FT232RL-REEL is a bus controller with 28 terminals, operating at 3.3V to 5.25V. It supports USB, VBUS, and UART buses with a data transfer rate of 60MBps. Ideal for industrial applications due to its CMOS technology and compatibility with RS232, RS422, and RS485 standards.
MMBF170LT1G
Rochester Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; No. of Terminals: 3;
FDC5614P
MSKSEMI SEMICONDUCTOR
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 2 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
Telcom Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e0;
ULN2803A
NPN; Configuration: 8 BANKS, DARLINGTON WITH BUILT-IN DIODE AND RESISTOR; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; No. of Elements: 8; Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE): 1000;
3296W-1-103A
Bourns
Bourns 3296W-1-103A is a CERMET multi-turn trimmer resistor with 10000 ohm resistance, 25 turns, and linear resistance law. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C and has a tolerance of 10%. Ideal for applications requiring precise voltage adjustments in circuits with up to 300 V operating voltage.
157S103MXB10
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's 157S103MXB10 is a 10000 ohm POTENTIOMETER with 20% tolerance and 1 W power dissipation. Constructed with CONDUCTIVE PLASTIC technology, it has a temperature coefficient of 600 ppm/°C and operates b/w -55 to 125 °C. Ideal for servo mount applications, this panel mount resistor offers a wide angle of rotation at 340° in a compact package size of 11.56 mm length and 22.2 mm diameter from the MODEL 157 series.
64WR1KLF
Tt Electronics Plc
64WR1KLF by Tt Electronics Plc is a CERMET variable resistor with 1000 ohm resistance, 12 turns, and linear resistance law. It operates b/w -65 to 150 °C and has a rated power dissipation of 0.25 W. Ideal for PCB mounting applications due to its rectangular package shape and through-hole mounting type.
3250W-1-100
The Bourns 3250W-1-100 is a 10 ohm, 1W trimmer resistor with linear resistance law and 5% tolerance. It features wire wound technology, vertical actuator orientation, and through-hole mounting. Ideal for applications requiring precise resistance adjustments in PCB assemblies.
72PR10KLFTB
72PR10KLFTB by Tt Electronics Plc is a linear trimmer resistor with 10% tolerance, operating voltage of 200V, and rated power dissipation of 0.5W. It is used in PCB mount applications for temperature-sensitive circuits due to its linear law of resistance and wide temperature range (-55 to 125 °C).
RV4LAYSA102A
Precision Electronics
POTENTIOMETER; Resistance: 1000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): 2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Tolerance: 10 %; Reference Standard: MIL-R-94;
157S202MXB10
Vishay Intertechnology's 157S202MXB10 is a 2000 ohm POTENTIOMETER with 20% Tolerance and 1W Rated Power Dissipation. Constructed with CONDUCTIVE PLASTIC technology, it has a wide operating temperature range from -55 to 125 °C. Ideal for servo mount applications requiring precise resistance adjustments in panel-mounted equipment.
3006P-1-501LF
Bourns 3006P-1-501LF is a 500 ohm linear trimmer pot with 15 turns and CERMET technology. It has a max operating temperature of 125°C, suitable for PCB mount applications in various electronic circuits requiring precise resistance adjustments.
PVA2A104A01R00
Murata Manufacturing
Murata Manufacturing's PVA2A104A01R00 is a CERMET variable resistor with 100000 ohm resistance, 25% tolerance, and 0.1W power dissipation. It is used in applications requiring precise linear resistance adjustments, such as in electronic circuits for temperature control or signal modulation. The resistor has a wide operating temperature range from -55°C to 125°C and operates at a max voltage of 50V.
PTB0143-2010BPA502
The Bourns PTB0143-2010BPA502 is a 5000 ohm POTENTIOMETER with VERTICAL orientation, CARBON technology, and AUDIO Law Of Resistance. It has a rated power dissipation of 0.25 W and operates at voltages up to 350 V. Ideal for PCB Mount applications in audio equipment due to its high precision and durability.
RJS150
Ohmite Manufacturing
The Ohmite RJS150 is a 50W wire wound potentiometer with linear resistance law, 10% tolerance, and 300° rotation angle. Ideal for panel mount applications, it features a circular construction, horizontal actuator orientation, and chassis mounting capability.
PT10MV10-104A2020-S
Piher Sensors And Controls Sa
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 100000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .15 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
3223W-1-102E
Bourns 3223W-1-102E is a CERMET trimmer resistor with 1000 ohm resistance, 11 turns, and linear resistance law. It operates b/w -65 to 150 °C and has a power dissipation of 0.125 W. Ideal for applications requiring precise voltage adjustments in compact SMT packages.
3296W-1-202
Bourns 3296W-1-202 is a CERMET multi-turn trimmer resistor with 2000 ohm resistance, 25 turns, and linear resistance law. It has a max operating temperature of 125 °C and is suitable for applications requiring precise voltage adjustments in electronic circuits.
14910F0GJSX10253KA
Vishay Intertechnology's 14910F0GJSX10253KA is a CERMET trimmer pot with 25000 ohm resistance, 10% tolerance, and 1W power dissipation. Ideal for PCB mount applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125 °C with a temperature coefficient of 150 ppm/°C.
91A1A-B28-B10L
The Bourns 91A1A-B28-B10L is a linear conductive plastic potentiometer with 1000 ohm resistance, suitable for panel mount applications. It has an operating temperature range of -40 to 125 °C and a rated power dissipation of 1 W. The potentiometer features a shaft actuator, horizontal orientation, and flat terminal shape, making it ideal for precise control in various electronic devices.
PE30L0FL101KAB
Vishay Intertechnology's PE30L0FL101KAB is a 3W linear cermet potentiometer with 10% tolerance and 270° rotation angle. Operating voltage of 17.3V, rated temp of -55 to 125°C, and temperature coef of 150 ppm/°C make it ideal for chassis mount applications requiring precise resistance adjustments.
3296W-1-501LF
Bourns 3296W-1-501LF is a 500 ohm, 25-turn linear cermet trimmer resistor with a tolerance of 10%. Operating voltage of 300V and power dissipation of 0.5W. Ideal for applications requiring precise resistance adjustments in electronic circuits.
533B1103JC
Vishay Intertechnology's 533B1103JC is a linear wire wound potentiometer with 10000 ohm resistance, 3 turns, and 5% tolerance. Ideal for panel mount applications, it operates b/w -55 to 125 °C with a rated power dissipation of 1W.
PTB6053-2010APB103
The Bourns PTB6053-2010APB103 is a linear carbon potentiometer with 10000 ohm resistance, 20% tolerance, and 0.25 W power dissipation. It features a vertical actuator orientation, slide type actuator, and through hole mount for PCB applications. Ideal for precise voltage control in electronic circuits with operating temperatures ranging from -10 to 60 °C.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
P110KH1-1F15BR20K
P110KH1-1F15BR20K by Tt Electronics Plc is a linear conductive plastic potentiometer with 20000 ohm resistance, 20% tolerance, and 0.05 W power dissipation. It is used in applications requiring vertical orientation, PCB mount package style, and through hole mounting for temperature range of -20 to 70 °C.
P110KH1-1F15BR1K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 1000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KH1-1F15BR10K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 10000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KH1-1F15BR200K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 200000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KH1-1F15BR100K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 100000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KV1-1F15BR1K
P110KV1-1F15BR20K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 20000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KV1-1F15BR2K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 2000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KV1-1F15BR5K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 5000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KV1-1F15CR500
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 500 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KV1-1F15CR50K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 50000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KV1-1F15CR5K
P110KV1-1F15AR20K
P110KV1-1F15BR1MEG
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 1000000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KV1-1F15AR500K
POTENTIOMETER; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 500000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 70 Cel; Tolerance: 20 %;
P110KV1-1F15BR10K
P110KV1-1F15BR50K
P110KV1-1F15BR200K
P110KV1-1F15BR500
P110KV1-1F15BR500K
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved