Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Toshiba's RN1501(TE85L,F) is a NPN BJT transistor with 2 elements, max power dissipation of 0.3W, and min DC current gain of 30. Ideal for small signal applications requiring a max collector current of 0.1A in surface mount configurations.
Median Price
$0.122
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
4
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Chip1Stop
1+ parts
-
100+ parts
1k+ parts
$0.091
10k+ parts
$0.080
RS (Exports)
$0.150
$0.132
$0.131
Verical
$0.097
Nova Conductors
Semicontronic
$0.082
Ampacity Inc.
$0.178
Advanced Electronics
$1.554
$1.414
$1.274
Argo Parts USA
Continental Prestige Electronics
Aranea Global
Perfect Parts
NPN transistors are commonly used in amplification circuits which makes this product versatile for various applications.
Surface mount technology allows for easy installation on circuit boards, saving space and improving overall design flexibility.
Having 2 elements in one package provides a compact solution for multiple transistor applications, reducing the overall footprint on the PCB.
The high maximum power dissipation rating ensures the transistor can handle moderate power levels, increasing reliability and performance.
A minimum DC current gain of 30 ensures sufficient amplification for most low to medium power applications, making this transistor suitable for a wide range of circuits.
Silicon is a common and reliable semiconductor material, offering good performance characteristics and ensuring reliability in various operating conditions.
The maximum collector current of 0.1 A allows the transistor to handle moderate current levels, making it suitable for many small signal applications.
Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) RN1501(TE85L,F) attributes and parameters. Explore more Small Signal Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) devices from Toshiba
Maximum Collector Current (IC):
Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE):
No. of Elements:
Polarity or Channel Type:
Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs):
Sub-Category:
Surface Mount:
Transistor Element Material:
RN1501(TE85L,F) Transistors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
TOSHIBA, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, semiconductors, hard disk drives (HDD), printers, batteries, lighting, as well as IT solutions such as quantum cryptography which has been in development at Cambridge Research Laboratory, Toshiba Europe, located in the United Kingdom, now being commercialised.It was one of the biggest manufacturers of personal computers, consumer electronics, home appliances, and medical equipment. As a semiconductor company and the inventor of flash memory, Toshiba had been one of the top 10 in the chip industry until its flash memory unit was spun off as Toshiba Memory, later Kioxia, in the late 2010s.
2N2222A
Micro Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LM358MX
ROHM
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: LSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
M24308/2-1F
Tyco Electronics Amp
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; IEC Conformity: NO; Mixed Contacts: NO; Empty Shell: NO;
SMBJ18CA
Sangdest Microelectronics (Nanjing)
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Rugao Dachang Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM107H
Intersil
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Nominal Common Mode Reject Ratio: 96 dB;
1N4148WS
Good-ark Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Forward International Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; No. of Phases: 1;
LM2931AZ-5.0G
Onsemi
LM2931AZ-5.0G by Onsemi is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 5V and max output current of 0.1A. It has a max dropout voltage of 0.6V, making it suitable for applications requiring stable power supply in temperature-sensitive environments up to 125°C. The package style is cylindrical with wire terminals, ideal for rail packing methods in various electronic devices.
SS14
Sensitron Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN65HVD230DR
Texas Instruments
SN65HVD230DR by Texas Instruments is a BICMOS technology interface circuit with 1Mbps data rate, suitable for industrial applications. It operates at 3.3V, has 8 terminals in a small outline package, and can withstand temperatures from -40 to 85°C.
Central Semiconductor
BSS84-7-F
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
Comchip Technology
KSZ9031RNXIC
Microchip Technology
KSZ9031RNXIC by Microchip Technology is a network interface chip with 1 transceiver. It operates at a data rate of 1000 Mbps and has a nominal voltage of 1.2V. This chip is commonly used in industrial applications requiring Ethernet connectivity.
LM317BD2TG
LM317BD2TG by Onsemi is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output current of 1.5A and a max load regulation of 5.8%. Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact designs.
LM317LMX/NOPB
LM317LMX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max input-output voltage differential of 40V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 125°C and has a max output current of 0.1A, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation.
BAV99
MICRODIODE ELECTRONICS SHENZHEN CO LTD
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148WS-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
1N4148WS-7-F by Diodes Inc. is a single rectifier diode with max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and max reverse current of 1 uA. It operates b/w -65 to 150 °C, ideal for applications requiring small outline surface mount diodes with a max output current of 0.15 A.
CSNF651
Honeywell Sensing And Control
CSNF651 by Honeywell Sensing And Control is an industrial-grade analog circuit with 3 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, supporting supply voltages from -15V to 15V. Ideal for applications requiring a special shape rectangular package style and through-hole terminal form.
MMBTA06LT1G
MMBTA06LT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor with 100 min hFE, 80V VCEO, and 100MHz fT. Ideal for amplifier applications, it comes in a small outline package with Gull Wing terminals for surface mounting. Operating temperature ranges from -55 to 150°C.
2N3904
Fairchild Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A;
2N3906
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A;
JANTX2N2222AUB
Silicon Transistor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
BC817-40W,115
Nexperia
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
MMBT2222ATT1G
MMBT2222ATT1G by Onsemi is a NPN BJT transistor with 40V VCEO, 0.6A IC, and 300MHz fT. Ideal for amplifier applications, it comes in a small outline package with Gull Wing terminals for surface mount assembly. With a max operating temp of 150°C, it offers fast switching times of 35ns (ton) and 285ns (toff).
2N2905A
New Jersey Semiconductor Products
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 200 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; Maximum Collector-Emitter Voltage: 60 V; No. of Elements: 1;
MMBT3904T-7-F
Diodes Inc. MMBT3904T-7-F is a NPN BJT with 40V VCEO, 0.2A IC, and 300MHz fT. Ideal for small signal amplification in compact electronic devices due to its small outline package and high transition frequency. Suitable for surface mount applications requiring fast switching speeds and low power dissipation.
MMBT3906
Micro Commercial Components
Small Signal Bipolar Transistors; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .2 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
2N2219A
M/a-com Technology Solutions
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; No. of Terminals: 3; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
BC817-40
Lite-on Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
BC817-25
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE;
2N2907A
Siemens
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 200 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
BC817-40W,135
NXP Semiconductors
BC817-40W,135 by NXP Semiconductors is a NPN BJT transistor for switching applications. It has a max VCEsat of 0.7V and min hFE of 250. With a max IC of 0.5A and operating temperature of 150°C, it is ideal for small outline surface mount designs.
MBT3904DW1T1G
MBT3904DW1T1G by Onsemi is a small signal NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) with a max collector-emitter voltage of 40V. It has a min DC current gain of 30 and can handle a max collector current of 0.2A. This transistor is commonly used in amplifier applications due to its high transition frequency of 300MHz.
2N2907AUB
STMicroelectronics
PNP; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; Reference Standard: EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY; No. of Elements: 1;
PBHV8540X,115
PBHV8540X,115 by Nexperia is a NPN BJT transistor with hFE of 100. It has VCE of 400V and IC of 0.5A, suitable for switching applications. This small outline transistor operates at fT of 30MHz, making it ideal for high-speed electronic circuits.
BC547C
Continental Device India
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .625 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A;
BC547B
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Package Shape: ROUND;
BC846B
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 100 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .25 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
RN1502(TE85L,F)
Toshiba
NPN; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; No. of Elements: 2;
RN1504(TE85L)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
RN1504(TE85L2)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
RN1502(TE85R)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G5;
RN1503(TE85R)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Additional Features: BUILT-IN BIAS RESISTOR RATIO IS 1;
RN1502(TE85L2)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Terminal Form: GULL WING;
RN1501-11
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; JESD-609 Code: e0; Qualification: Not Qualified;
RN1501(TE85R)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
RN1503
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A;
RN1503(T5LNHE,F)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; No. of Elements: 2;
RN1503(TE85L,F)
NPN; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .3 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE): 70;
RN1502(TE85L)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE): 50;
RN1504
RN1501(TE85L2)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Terminal Position: DUAL;
RN1503(TE85L)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Qualification: Not Qualified;
RN1501
RN1501(TE85L)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
RN1502
RN1503(TE85L2)
NPN; Configuration: COMMON EMITTER, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN RESISTOR; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .1 A; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved