Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
LM348DG4 by Texas Instruments is a quad operational amplifier with 4 functions. It features a max input offset voltage of 7500 uV and a nominal common mode reject ratio of 90 dB. This op amp is commonly used in applications requiring high precision amplification in commercial temperature environments.
Median Price
$0.796
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
6
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Rochester
1+ parts
$0.483
100+ parts
$0.454
1k+ parts
$0.410
10k+ parts
-
Mouser Electronics
$1.110
$0.768
$0.560
$0.492
Digiode
$0.459
Nova Conductors
$0.499
Vyrian
LWI Electronics Inc
Semicontronic
$0.411
$0.401
$0.399
Ampacity Inc.
Corphita
$0.435
Continental Prestige Electronics
$0.489
Argo Parts USA
$0.484
Netroflash
Parana Technologies
$5.888
$6.672
DigiPath Technology Company
$6.484
ChromeModa Solutions
$6.616
$5.425
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$5.954
AZTECH Wire
$8.412
Perfect Parts
Provides durability and protection for the transistor, ensuring a longer lifespan.
Ideal for applications requiring an NPN transistor configuration.
Simplified setup with single configuration.
Suitable for switching applications, offering efficient performance.
Ease of installation with surface mount capability.
Space-efficient design for compact electronic devices.
Facilitates easy soldering and connection of terminals.
Simplified connection setup with only 3 terminals.
Compact package size suitable for small electronic devices.
Consistent and reliable current gain for stable performance.
Supports higher voltages, expanding the range of applications.
Reliable and widely used material for transistor elements.
Fast switching speed for efficient operation.
Sufficient collector current capacity for various applications.
Quick turn-off time for improved performance and efficiency.
Dual terminal position for versatile connection options.
High transition frequency for fast signal processing and amplification.
Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps) LM348DG4 attributes and parameters. Explore more Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps) devices from Texas Instruments
Amplifier Type:
Architecture:
Technology:
Power Supply:
Total Functions:
Sub-Category:
Powered:
Frequency Compensation:
Low-Bias:
Low-Offset:
Micropower:
Wideband:
Programmable Power:
Nominal Unity Gain Bandwidth:
Nominal Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR ):
Minimum Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR ):
Input Offset Voltage Limit:
Minimum Voltage Gain:
Nominal Slew Rate:
Maximum Input Offset Current (IIO):
Peak Bias Current:
Maximum Bias Current (IIB) @25 °C:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Maximum Negative Supply Voltage:
Minimum Negative Supply Voltage:
Lowest Operating Temperature:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Peak Reflow Temperature:
Maximum Supply Current:
Length:
Width:
Maximum Seated Height:
Total Terminals:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Finish:
Package Body Material:
Surface Mount:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
Temperature Grade:
Qualified:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Packing Method:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style:
Package Equivalence Code:
LM348DG4 Amplifiers trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.33.00.01
SB
8542.33.00.00
Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is one of the world's leading semiconductor companies and a global leader in analog and digital signal processing technology. The company has had a major impact on the electronics industry for over 80 years, manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs), software and subsystems that leverage high-performance computing capabilities. It offers an extensive portfolio of solutions for a wide range of industries, from aerospace to medical devices and consumer products to communication systems. Over its long history, TI has become synonymous with quality, reliability and innovation. Today, TI is one of the largest semiconductor companies in the world with operations in more than 30 countries across six continents.
President, CEO
Haviv Ilan
Chairman
Richard K. Templeton
Senior VP, CFO
Rafael R. Lizardi
M - Fab
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1997
USA
South Portland
Wafer Capacity
32,000
D - FAB
1966
Dallas
42,000
D MOS - 6
2002
25,000
D MOS - 5
1995
75,000
Miho - 8
1980
Japan
Inashiki
43,000
S FAB 1
Sherman
91,000
F - FAB
2001
Germany
Freising
37,000
R Fab 1
2010
Richardson
40,000
D HC Line
1999
2,000
JV3
Aizu Wakamatsu
45,000
C - FAB
2007
China
Chengdu
30,000
L - Fab
2015
Lehi
70,000
R - Fab 2
2022
S - FAB 2
2025
S - FAB 3
2028
STM32H753IIK6
STMicroelectronics
STM32H753IIK6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with 176 terminals, operating at up to 48 MHz. It features 20-Ch 16-Bit ADCs, 2-Ch 12-Bit DACs, and peripherals like CAN, ETHERNET, and USB. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed processing and extensive connectivity options.
LM2675M-ADJ/NOPB
Texas Instruments
LM2675M-ADJ/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a voltage-mode switching regulator with 1A output current, 37V max output voltage, and 260kHz max switching frequency. Ideal for automotive applications due to its -40°C to 125°C operating temperature range and compact small outline package design.
M24308/2-1F
Cristek Interconnects
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; No. of Rows Loaded: 2; Shell Size: 1/E; Filter Feature: NO;
2N7002
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .2 A; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
2N2222A
Semicoa
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
RC0603FR-0710KL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0603FR-0710KL is a fixed resistor with 10000 ohm resistance, 1% tolerance, and 0.1 W power dissipation. It operates b/w -55 to 155 °C and is ideal for surface mount applications in electronics requiring precise resistance values.
1N4148
Toshiba
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM317T
National Semiconductor
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TO-220; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Input-Output Voltage Differential: 3 V;
LL4148
Silicon Standard
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
Vishay Telefunken
Fairchild Semiconductor
BAV99
Rectron
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Integrated Power Semiconductors
Other Regulators; No. of Terminals: 3; Operating Temperature (TJ-Min): 0 Cel; Terminal Pitch: 2.54 mm; Maximum Load Regulation (%): 1.5 %; Nominal Dropout Voltage-1: 3 V;
BSS138LT1G
Onsemi
BSS138LT1G by Onsemi is a N-CHANNEL FET with 50V DS Breakdown Voltage, 0.2A Drain Current, and 3.5 ohm On Resistance. Ideal for SWITCHING applications due to its ENHANCEMENT MODE operation and built-in DIODE. Operates b/w -55 to 150 °C with small outline package style for surface mount assembly.
ROHM
Invensys Sensor Systems
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; No. of Phases: 1; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us; Config: SINGLE; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V;
Comset Semiconductors
SS14
Dc Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Shanghai Lunsure Electronic Technology
OPA2340EA-250
Burr-Brown Corporation
OPA2340EA-250 by Burr-Brown is a dual operational amplifier with 500uV max input offset voltage and 84dB nominal CMRR. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85 °C) and has a unity gain bandwidth of 5500 kHz. Ideal for precision applications requiring low bias current and high CMRR.
INA148UA/2K5
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358N
Freescale Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
OPA320AIDBVR
OPA320AIDBVR by Texas Instruments is a CMOS Operational Amplifier with low-offset and low-bias features. It has a max input offset voltage of 150 uV, nominal unity gain bandwidth of 20 MHz, and operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125 °C. Ideal for automotive applications due to its compact size and low power consumption.
LM324PT
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LT1013DIDR
LT1013DIDR by Texas Instruments is a dual operational amplifier with 1000uV max input offset voltage, -0.038uA max average bias current, and 114dB nominal CMRR. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high precision and low power consumption in a compact package.
LM741H/883
Harris Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape: ROUND; Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V): 15;
MC33272ADR2G
MC33272ADR2G by Onsemi is a dual operational amplifier with 1800uV max input offset voltage and 100dB nominal CMRR. It operates at -40 to 85 °C, has 8 terminals, and a unity gain bandwidth of 5500 kHz. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise signal amplification in compact designs.
MC34072DR2G
MC34072DR2G by Onsemi is a dual operational amplifier with a max input offset voltage of 7000 uV and a nominal common mode reject ratio of 97 dB. It is commonly used in applications requiring high voltage gain and low bias current, such as audio amplifiers and signal conditioning circuits.
LM358D
NXP Semiconductors
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM2904MX/NOPB
LM2904MX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a dual operational amplifier with 70 dB CMRR and 1000 kHz unity gain bandwidth. It operates at -40 to 85 °C, with ±1.5/±13/3/26 V supplies, consuming 1.2 mA max current. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise signal amplification in compact designs due to its small outline package and low bias currents of 0.05 uA.
AD549LHZ
Analog Devices
AD549LHZ by Analog Devices is an operational amplifier with a max input offset voltage of 900uV, low bias current of 0.00000006uA, and nominal common mode reject ratio of 90dB. It is used in applications requiring precise signal amplification and filtering due to its high voltage gain, low-offset, and low-bias characteristics.
NE5532DR
NE5532DR by Texas Instruments is a dual operational amplifier with 10000 kHz unity gain bandwidth and 100 dB common mode reject ratio. Ideal for audio applications due to its low input offset voltage of 4000 uV and minimal bias current of 1 uA. Its compact size, surface mount capability, and wide supply voltage range make it versatile for various electronic designs.
OPA2340EA
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM2902D
Motorola
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LMV358IDRG4Q1
LMV358IDRG4Q1 by Texas Instruments is a dual operational amplifier with 9000uV max input offset voltage, 65dB CMRR, and 1000kHz unity gain bandwidth. Ideal for industrial applications requiring low power consumption and high precision signal amplification in compact designs. This AEC-Q100 qualified op amp operates at -40 to 85°C with a supply voltage range of 2.7-5.5V.
INA132UA
Texas Instruments' INA132UA is an operational amplifier with 250uV max input offset voltage, 90dB nominal CMRR, and 15V nominal voltage. Ideal for applications requiring low-offset precision amplification in a compact package.
LM2902DT
LM2902DT by STMicroelectronics is a quad operational amplifier with 4 functions. It has a max input offset voltage of 9000 uV and nominal common mode reject ratio of 80 dB. Widely used in automotive applications due to its micropower technology and temperature grade, it operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125 °C.
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TO-99; Package Shape: ROUND;
OPA2170AIDR
OPA2170AIDR by Texas Instruments is an operational amplifier with a max input offset voltage of 2000 uV, bias current of 0.0035 uA, and common mode reject ratio of 120 dB. It is used in automotive applications due to its low-bias micropower technology and wide temperature range from -40 to 125 °C. The op amp features a small outline package with dual terminals for compact designs.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
DS160PT801ACBR
DS160PT801ACBR by Texas Instruments is a bus controller IC with 339 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It supports PCI bus compatibility with a data transfer rate of 2000 MBps. This CMOS technology device has a thin profile and fine pitch package suitable for industrial applications.
CC2662R1FTWRGZRQ1
CC2662R1FTWRGZRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a 32-bit microcontroller with Cortex-M4F CPU, 48 MHz clock frequency, and 81920 bytes of RAM. Ideal for industrial applications, it features 8 ADC channels, 32 DMA channels, and peripherals like AES and PWM for efficient system integration.
LMR43610MSC3RPERQ1
LMR43610MSC3RPERQ1 by Texas Instruments is a 9-terminal switching regulator with a max output voltage of 32V and max output current of 1A. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 150°C, featuring a buck switcher config and PWM control mode at up to 2200kHz frequency.
UCC27284DRCR
UCC27284DRCR by Texas Instruments is a MOSFET gate driver with 2 channels, capable of handling a max output current of 3.5A. It operates in automotive-grade temperatures (-40 to 125°C) and has a turn-on/off time of 30µs. This chip carrier package with very thin profile is suitable for high side driver applications requiring fast switching speeds.
DRV3255EPAPRQ1
DRV3255EPAPRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a Motion Control IC with 64 terminals, operating at -40 to 150°C. It is an AEC-Q100 compliant automotive-grade IC for Brushless DC Motor control, supporting supply voltages from 5V to 90V and output currents up to 3.5A. The package style includes a flatpack with heat sink/slug, suitable for surface mount applications in automotive systems.
DRV8316RRGFR
DRV8316RRGFR by Texas Instruments is a motion control IC with a rectangular package and a terminal form of gull wing. It has a max output current of 8A and can operate at temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C. This IC is commonly used as a brushless DC motor controller in automotive applications.
TPS7A4301DGQR
TPS7A4301DGQR by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output LDO regulator with a max output voltage of 14.5V and a dropout voltage of 0.6V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact spaces.
LM348N
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM348N by Texas Instruments is a quad operational amplifier with 4 functions, offering a max input offset voltage of 7500 uV and a nominal common mode reject ratio of 90 dB. With a package style of IN-LINE, it is commonly used in commercial applications requiring precise voltage amplification and frequency compensation within the temperature range of 0-70 °C.
Samsung
Advanced Micro Devices
Raytheon Semiconductor
Rochester Electronics
LM348DR
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM348DR2
LM348DRG4
LM348DRE4
LM348D
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved