Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
LBM2016T8R2J by Taiyo Yuden is a surface mount fixed inductor with a nominal inductance of 8.2 uH and max rated current of 0.225 A. It is commonly used as an RF inductor for general purpose applications.
Median Price
$0.109
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
7
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
DigiKey
1+ parts
$0.120
100+ parts
$0.084
1k+ parts
$0.069
10k+ parts
$0.057
Mouser Electronics
$0.160
$0.096
$0.075
$0.053
Verical
-
$0.098
Chip1Stop
$0.079
$0.062
$0.052
Nova Conductors
$0.078
Vyrian
Euro-Tech
Ampacity Inc.
Aranea Global
$0.077
$0.074
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$0.130
Perfect Parts
Yes - This feature allows for easy placement and soldering on circuit boards, making it convenient for installation and assembly.
Dual Ended - The dual-ended terminals provide flexibility in connecting the inductor to the circuit, offering multiple options for electrical connections.
1 - With a single function, this inductor is specialized for RF applications, ensuring optimal performance in its intended use.
7.96 MHz - Tested at a high frequency, this inductor is well-suited for RF applications and can provide accurate and reliable results in its intended operating range.
0806 - The specified case or size code indicates the compact footprint of this inductor, making it suitable for space-constrained designs and applications.
Rectangular - The rectangular construction of this inductor allows for efficient use of space, enabling easy integration into compact circuit layouts.
TR, EMBOSSED, 7 INCH - The specified packing method ensures safe transportation and storage of the inductors, providing added protection and convenience during handling.
RF Inductor - Designed specifically for RF applications, this inductor ensures optimal performance, high frequency response, and minimal signal loss in RF circuits.
Rectangular Package - The rectangular shape of the inductor package allows for easier handling, positioning, and mounting, making it a practical choice for various applications.
2 - With two terminals, this inductor provides a simple and straightforward connection option, making it suitable for various circuit designs and assemblies.
SMT - The SMT (Surface Mount Technology) package style facilitates efficient assembly and integration into modern surface mount circuit board designs.
8.2 uH - The specified nominal inductance value indicates the inductor's ability to store energy in an electromagnetic field, making it suitable for specific applications requiring this level of inductance.
One Surface - The one-surface terminal shape simplifies the soldering process and allows for easy connection to circuitry, enhancing the overall ease of use and installation.
105 °C - With a high maximum operating temperature, this inductor can withstand elevated temperatures and maintain stable performance in demanding environments.
0.225 A - The high maximum rated current allows this inductor to handle relatively high electrical currents, making it suitable for applications with demanding power requirements.
25 - The specified minimum quality factor guarantees that this inductor possesses low energy losses, ensuring efficient and reliable performance in its intended applications.
40 °C - The specified minimum operating temperature demonstrates the inductor's ability to operate reliably and maintain performance even in extremely cold environments.
General Purpose Inductor - As a general-purpose inductor, this product offers versatility and capability across a wide range of applications, making it a reliable and flexible choice for various circuit designs.
30 MHz - The high self-resonance frequency allows this inductor to operate effectively in RF circuits, minimizing any unwanted resonant effects and ensuring accurate and stable performance.
1.43 ohm - The specified low DC resistance enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of the inductor in carrying and delivering electrical current, reducing power losses and maximizing performance.
Ferrite - Utilizing ferrite as the core material ensures high magnetic permeability and superior performance, making this inductor suitable for various applications where these characteristics are required.
1.6 mm - The specified package height indicates the low profile design of this inductor, enabling its use in applications with limited vertical space.
DCR is measured at 30% tolerance - The specified special feature ensures accurate measurement and evaluation of the inductor's DC resistance, providing reliable and consistent performance within the given tolerance range.
5% - With a low tolerance value, this inductor offers precise and consistent performance, making it a reliable choice for applications that demand accuracy.
2 mm - The specified package length highlights the compact size of this inductor, enabling its integration into small form factor devices and designs.
1.6 mm - With a narrow package width, this inductor can fit into tight spaces and compact circuit designs, providing versatility and flexibility in various electronic applications.
Fixed Inductors LBM2016T8R2J attributes and parameters. Explore more Fixed Inductors devices from Taiyo Yuden
Inductor Type:
Inductor Application:
Nominal Inductance:
Maximum Rated Current:
Minimum Quality Factor (at L-nom):
DC Resistance:
Tolerance:
No. of Functions:
Self Resonance Frequency:
Test Frequency:
Special Feature:
Package Shape:
Case or Size Code:
Shielded:
Construction:
Core Material:
Surface Mounted:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Terminal Position:
Terminal Shape:
No. of Terminals:
Package Style:
Package Length:
Package Height:
Package Width:
Packing Method:
LBM2016T8R2J Inductors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8504.50.80.00
SB
8504.50.00.00
PCN Part Number - Mult Devs Part Number 23/Sep/2022
PCN Part Status Change - Mult Devs NRND 01/Apr/2023
Taiyo Yuden Co., Ltd. engages in manufacture and sale of electronic components. Its products include ceramic capacitors, inductors, noise suppression components, multilayer ceramic devices, chip antennas, and wireless modules. The company was founded by Hikohachi Sato on March 23, 1950 and is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.
BAV99
Good-ark Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N7002
NXP Semiconductors
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .83 W; JESD-609 Code: e3; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
1N4148
Semitron
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us;
DS18B20Z+
Maxim Integrated
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Body Width: 3.9 inch; Maximum Supply Voltage: 5.5 V;
LL4148
Surge Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
SS14
Taiwan Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
NE555D
Texas Instruments
NE555D by Texas Instruments is an 8-terminal IC with a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 16V, suitable for analog waveform generation applications. It operates at temperatures from 0°C to 70°C and has a max supply current of 15mA. The package style is small outline, making it ideal for compact electronic designs.
ROHM
Lite-on Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Qualification: Not Qualified; Additional Features: LOW THRESHOLD; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
BSS138BK,215
Nexperia
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Additional Features: LOGIC LEVEL COMPATIBLE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
2N2222A
Taitron Components
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
ISO1050DUBR
ISO1050DUBR by Texas Instruments is a network interface IC with 8 terminals, operating from -55 to 105°C. It features a small outline package, nickel palladium gold finish, and gull wing terminal form. Ideal for telecom applications requiring a 5V supply voltage and peak reflow temperature of 260°C.
Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
SMBJ18CA
Forward International Electronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.05 V; Maximum Clamping Voltage: 29.2 V; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V; Polarity: BIDIRECTIONAL;
Sensitron Semiconductor
Goodwork Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM317T
Sgs-ates Componenti Electronici S P A
Other Regulators; No. of Terminals: 3; JESD-609 Code: e0; Terminal Position: SINGLE; Adjustability: ADJUSTABLE; Maximum Load Regulation (%): 1.5 %;
FDC5614P
Fairchild Semiconductor
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): 1.6 W; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Maximum Drain Current (ID): 3 A;
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Config: SINGLE; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; No. of Phases: 1; Diode Element Material: SILICON;
5612
Bourns
The Bourns 5612 is a fixed inductor with 25uH nominal inductance, suitable for RF applications. It has a max operating temperature of 105°C and can handle up to 14A rated current. With radial terminal placement and cylindrical package shape, it is ideal for general purpose inductor needs.
SRN5040-220M
Bourns SRN5040-220M is a shielded, surface mount inductor with 22uH nominal inductance and 1.4A max rated current. Ideal for power applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125°C with a DC resistance of 0.152 ohm.
MLZ1608N100LT
TDK
TDK's MLZ1608N100LT is a 10uH fixed inductor with dual-ended terminals, suitable for RF applications. It features a max operating temperature of 125°C, 0.3A rated current, and 20% tolerance. This shielded, surface-mount inductor has a compact 0603 size and ferrite core material.
DR127-100-R
Coiltronics
GENERAL PURPOSE INDUCTOR; Inductor Application: POWER INDUCTOR; No. of Terminals: 2; Package Style (Meter): SMT; Shielded: YES; Surface Mount: YES;
SRN6045-101M
Bourns SRN6045-101M is a shielded, surface mount fixed inductor with 100uH nominal inductance. Ideal for power applications, it has a max rated current of 0.7A and operates b/w -40 to 125°C. With a self-resonance frequency of 5MHz and DC resistance of 0.494 ohm, this general purpose inductor is constructed using ferrite material in a rectangular package measuring 6x6x4.5mm.
U07-2
Torotel Products
The Torotel Products U07-2 is a shielded RF inductor with 12000 uH nominal inductance, 1.17 ohm DC resistance, and molybdenum permalloy core. It has radial terminal placement, operates b/w -55 to 85 °C, and is a general purpose inductor suitable for various applications requiring 0.001 MHz test frequency.
B82476A1104M000
B82476A1104M000 by TDK is a surface mount fixed inductor with a nominal inductance of 100 uH and max rated current of 1.3 A. It is a general purpose inductor suitable for power applications, with a rectangular package measuring 12.95 mm in length, 9.4 mm in width, and 5.08 mm in height.
U08-7
The Torotel Products U08-7 is a shielded radial RF inductor with 20000 uH nominal inductance. It features flexible lead terminals, operates b/w -55 to 85 °C, and has a DC resistance of 2.04 ohm. This general purpose inductor uses molybdenum permalloy core material and is ideal for various electronic applications requiring precise impedance control.
VLS6045EX-100M-H
TDK's VLS6045EX-100M-H is a shielded, surface mount fixed inductor with 10uH nominal inductance and 3.4A max rated current. Ideal for power applications, it features a ferrite core, dual-ended terminals, and operates b/w -40 to 125°C.
B82464A4105K000
The TDK B82464A4105K000 is a surface mount fixed inductor with 1000uH nominal inductance, suitable for power applications. It has a max operating temperature of 150°C and can handle a rated current of 0.33A. This general purpose inductor features dual-ended terminals and L bend shape, making it ideal for various electronic circuits.
PE-53116NL
Pulse Electronics
PE-53116NL by Pulse Electronics is a dual-ended fixed inductor with 167uH nominal inductance, 0.07 ohm DC resistance, and 20% tolerance. It is a general-purpose inductor suitable for applications requiring a rectangular package shape and operating temperatures ranging from -40 to 130°C at a test frequency of 0.02 MHz.
IHLP2020CZER2R2M01
Vishay Intertechnology
The Vishay Intertechnology IHLP2020CZER2R2M01 is a surface mount, shielded fixed inductor with a nominal inductance of 2.2 uH and max rated current of 5.8 A. It is designed for high current applications and has a compact rectangular package size of 2020, making it suitable for various electronic devices.
2223
Jw Miller Magnetics
GENERAL PURPOSE INDUCTOR; Inductor Application: HIGH CURRENT INDUCTOR; No. of Terminals: 2; Shielded: NO; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Shape: PRINTED WIRING PIN;
4622
GENERAL PURPOSE INDUCTOR; Inductor Application: RF INDUCTOR; No. of Terminals: 2; Shielded: NO; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Placement: AXIAL;
LQH43MN330J03L
Murata Manufacturing
Murata Manufacturing's LQH43MN330J03L is a 33uH RF inductor with 1.2 ohm DC resistance and 5% tolerance. Featuring dual-ended terminals, it operates b/w -40 to 85 °C with a max rated current of 0.27 A. Ideal for general purpose applications, this SMT inductor has a self-resonance frequency of 12 MHz and measures 4.5mm x 3.2mm x 2.6mm in size.
HCM0703-4R7-R
Cooper Industries
33417
Hirel Systems
GENERAL PURPOSE INDUCTOR; No. of Terminals: 2; Shielded: NO; Surface Mount: NO; Shape or Size Description: RECTANGULAR PACKAGE; Terminal Shape: WIRE;
SCD0504T101K-N
GENERAL PURPOSE INDUCTOR; Inductor Application: POWER INDUCTOR; No. of Terminals: 2; Package Style (Meter): SMT; Shielded: NO; Surface Mount: YES;
B82422A1104K100
TDK B82422A1104K100 is a surface mount fixed inductor with 100uH nominal inductance, 11.5 ohm DC resistance, and 27 min quality factor at L-nom. Ideal for RF applications due to its high Q factor and self-resonance frequency of 7MHz.
3613C101K
Tyco Electronics Components
GENERAL PURPOSE INDUCTOR; Inductor Application: RF INDUCTOR; No. of Terminals: 2; Shielded: NO; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Shape: WRAPAROUND;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
LBM2016TR82J
Taiyo Yuden
LBM2016TR82J by Taiyo Yuden is a surface mount fixed inductor with 0.82 uH nominal inductance, suitable for RF applications. It features dual-ended terminals, operates at -40 to 105 °C, and has a max rated current of 0.39 A. Ideal for general purpose use with a self-resonance frequency of 250 MHz.
LBM2016TR82J8
LBM2016TR82J8 by Taiyo Yuden is a surface mount fixed inductor with 0.82 uH nominal inductance, 250 MHz self-resonance frequency, and 105°C max operating temp. Ideal for RF applications due to its rectangular shape and dual-ended terminal placement.
LBM2016TR82JV
LBM2016TR82JV by Taiyo Yuden is a surface mount fixed inductor with dual-ended terminals. It has a nominal inductance of 0.82 uH, max operating temperature of 105°C, and self-resonance frequency of 250 MHz. Ideal for RF applications due to its high quality factor and general purpose design.
LBM2016T2R7J
GENERAL PURPOSE INDUCTOR; Inductor Application: RF INDUCTOR; No. of Terminals: 2; Package Style (Meter): SMT; Shielded: NO; Surface Mount: YES;
LBM2016T180J
LBM2016T180J8
LBM2016T180JV
GENERAL PURPOSE INDUCTOR; Inductor Application: RF INDUCTOR; No. of Terminals: 2; Shielded: NO; Surface Mount: YES; DC Resistance: 3.25 ohm;
LBM2016T1R2J
LBM2016T1R5J
LBM2016TR47J
Taiyo Yuden's LBM2016TR47J is a fixed inductor with 0.47uH nominal inductance, 350MHz self-resonance frequency, and 105°C max operating temp. Ideal for RF applications, this SMT component features dual-ended terminals and ferrite core construction.
LBM2016T1R8J
LBM2016T100J
LBM2016T101J
LBM2016T120J
LBM2016T3R3J
LBM2016T4R7J
LBM2016T680J
LBM2016T820J
LBM2016TR12J
LBM2016T8R2J8
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved