Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
STMicroelectronics STPS61H100CWY is a Schottky rectifier diode with 2 elements, common cathode config, and max reverse voltage of 100V. Ideal for power applications, it has a max output current of 30A, low forward voltage of 0.93V, and AEC-Q101 reference standard compliance.
Median Price
$3.030
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
9
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Farnell
1+ parts
$2.350
100+ parts
$1.520
1k+ parts
$1.330
10k+ parts
-
Newark
$2.150
$1.510
Mouser Electronics
$4.590
$2.250
$1.760
$1.630
Avnet
EBV Elektronik
Nova Conductors
$2.360
Digiode
$3.211
Vyrian
Anansix
Corohmni
$0.012
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$0.081
$0.073
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$0.140
MKK Technologies
$0.152
DigiPath Technology Company
Continental Prestige Electronics
$2.313
Argo Parts USA
Ampacity Inc.
$2.870
Semicontronic
$2.798
$2.784
Corphita
$3.042
Microchip USA
$14.820
$14.730
$14.680
$14.640
Parana Technologies
$0.097
Kepictronics
Netroflash
$2.242
$2.195
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Epart123
$5.000
GreenTree Electronics
Plastic/Epoxy package body material provides good insulation and protection for the diode, making it durable and reliable.
Common cathode configuration with 2 elements allows for efficient and convenient circuit design and connection.
Low maximum reverse current ensures minimal power loss and efficient performance of the diode.
Rectangular package shape makes it easy to mount and integrate into various electronic devices and systems.
High reverse test voltage capability ensures reliable and safe operation in reverse bias conditions.
3 terminals provide versatile connection options for different circuit configurations.
Flange mount package style allows for secure and stable mounting in applications where vibration or movement is a concern.
Designed for power applications, this diode can handle high output currents and voltages effectively.
Wide operating temperature range down to -40°C ensures reliable performance in harsh environments.
Single terminal position simplifies circuit connection and layout, making installation easier.
Compliance with AEC-Q101 standard ensures high quality and reliability suitable for automotive applications.
Rectifier diode type is ideal for converting AC to DC, making it suitable for power supply and rectification applications.
Low forward voltage drop of 0.93V ensures minimal power loss and high efficiency in forward conduction.
High maximum output current capability of 30A allows for efficient handling of power in demanding applications.
Schottky technology provides fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, enhancing performance in high-frequency applications.
Through-hole terminal form allows for easy and secure through-board mounting, suitable for various PCB designs.
Having 2 elements provides redundancy and improved reliability in case one element fails.
High maximum repetitive peak reverse voltage ensures safe operation in reverse bias conditions without breakdown.
High maximum non-repetitive peak forward current of 450A allows for handling large surge currents without damage.
Silicon diode element material provides good thermal stability and reliable performance over a wide temperature range.
Diodes & Rectifiers STPS61H100CWY attributes and parameters. Explore more Diodes & Rectifiers devices from STMicroelectronics
Additional Features:
Application:
Config:
Diode Element Material:
Diode Type:
Maximum Forward Voltage (VF):
JEDEC-95 Code:
JESD-30 Code:
Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current:
No. of Elements:
No. of Phases:
No. of Terminals:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Maximum Output Current:
Package Body Material:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Reference Standard:
Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage:
Maximum Reverse Current:
Reverse Test Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
STPS61H100CWY Diodes trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8541.10.00.80
SB
PCN Assembly/Origin - Mult Dev 14/Jul/2023
PCN Packaging - Standard outer labelling 15/Nov/2023
STMicroelectronics is a global leader in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, with over 35 years of experience providing innovative and advanced technologies for customers around the world. Headquartered in Netherlands, STMicroelectronics has more than 51,323 employees worldwide and operates across 32 countries all over Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Americas. The company’s portfolio includes integrated circuits, discrete components, application-specific standard products, and computer chipsets. STMicroelectronics serves a wide range of industries such as automotive, consumer markets, healthcare and industrial applications.
President, CEO
Jean-Marc Chery
President, CFO, Finance, Purchasing,Enterprise Risk Management & Resilience
Lorenzo Grandi
President, Sales & Marketing
Jerome Roux
Castelletto
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1968
Italy
Wafer Capacity
SGFAB AMK 6
2000
Singapore
29,000
AG200
Agrate Brianza
14,000
RST 8
France
Rousset
35,000
Crolles 1
1993
Crolles
30,000
Crolles 2-ext. mod 5
Crolles 2-ext. mod 2
2022
Crolles 2-ext. mod 3
2023
Crolles 2
2004
28,000
1985
SiC Fab
2006
Sweden
Norrköping
10,000
Fab 3
2005
Tours
2,000
Fab 1 & Fab 2
1978
55,000
Fab 2
1997
Catania
SGFAB-AMK 6E
2003
145,000
SGFAB-AMJ 9
1984
152,000
AG300 (R3)
1980
25,000
1987
34,000
AG300
2024
Crolles 2-ext. mod 1
2020
Fab 1 6-inch fab
2013
11,000
SiC 6-inch line
2021
2,500
200mm GaN
2018
SGFAB-AMK 8
2001
Crolles 2- JV Fab
SGFAB-AMK 6
2016
38,125
SGFAB-AMK 2E
2010
20,000
Silicon Carbide A.B.
SiC wafer/EPI Fab
SiC Device Fab
2025
1N4148
Temic Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM317BD2TG
Onsemi
LM317BD2TG by Onsemi is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output current of 1.5A and a max load regulation of 5.8%. Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact designs.
1N4148WS
Weitron Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LL4148
Shanghai Lunsure Electronic Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: .5 A; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us;
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's 1N4148WS is a single rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 1V and output current of 0.15A. With a fast reverse recovery time of 0.004us, it operates up to 150°C. Ideal for applications requiring high-speed switching and low power consumption in surface mount configurations.
2N7002
Taitron Components
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N2222A
Secos
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; JEDEC-95 Code: TO-92;
BSS138
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
BAV99
Comchip Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Diodes Incorporated
SS14
Jinan Jingheng Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Asi Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
C0603C104K5RACTU
KEMET Corporation
KEMET C0603C104K5RACTU is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V URdc. It has X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and ±10% tolerance. Ideal for SMT applications requiring compact size and reliable performance in various electronic circuits.
USB3320C-EZK-TR
Standard Microsystems
INTERFACE CIRCUIT; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 32; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
LM7805CT
FIXED POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TO-220; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Maximum Input Voltage Absolute: 35 V; Maximum Voltage Tolerance: 5 %;
Vishay Siliconix
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Elements: 1; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Qualification: Not Qualified;
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
First Components International
Eic Semiconductor
LL4148GS08
LL4148GS08 by Temic Semiconductors is a glass diode with a max reverse recovery time of 0.008 us and max forward voltage of 1 V. It is a rectifier diode with a max output current of 0.15 A, ideal for applications requiring fast switching speeds and low power dissipation in electronic circuits.
1N4007
Shandong Yiguang Electronic Joint Stock
Cheng-yi Electronic
KBPC2508W
Pro-an Electronic
Rectifier Diodes;
MCL4148
Micro Commercial Components
MBR1545CT
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: SINGLE; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
KBPC2506W
KBPC2504W
Terry Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Operating Temperature: 175 Cel; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 30 A; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 1000 V;
1N4148TR
Vishay Telefunken
MURS120T3G
MURS120T3G by Onsemi is a single rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.875V and output current of 2A. It has a fast recovery time of 0.035us, making it suitable for high voltage power applications. With a max repetitive peak reverse voltage of 200V, this diode is ideal for use in circuits requiring ultra-fast recovery times.
Lite-on Semiconductor
1N4007G+
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
1N4007G+ by Spc Technology/ Multicomp is a single rectifier diode with 1000V peak reverse voltage and 1A output current. It operates b/w -65°C to 150°C, making it suitable for various applications like power supplies and battery chargers due to its isolated case connection and axial terminal position.
Sensitron Semiconductor
US1M-13-F
Multicomp Pro
Synsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Rectron
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
STPS340U
STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics' STPS340U is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V reverse voltage, 3A output current, and 0.84V forward voltage. Ideal for fast recovery power applications in temperatures up to 150°C. Package style: small outline, surface mountable with matte tin finish.
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 75 A; No. of Phases: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
STPS2L40U
STMicroelectronics' STPS2L40U is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V reverse voltage and 2A output current. It operates at a max temperature of 150°C, making it suitable for power applications. The diode has a low forward voltage of 0.45V and can handle peak forward currents up to 75A, ideal for high-power circuits.
STPS1L40M
STMicroelectronics' STPS1L40M is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.4V and output current of 1A. It operates at a max temperature of 150°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high-speed switching and low power loss in compact electronic devices.
STPS8170DEE-TR
STMicroelectronics' STPS8170DEE-TR is a Schottky rectifier diode with 170V reverse voltage and 8A output current. It operates at up to 175°C, making it suitable for fast recovery power applications. This single-configured diode comes in a small outline package for surface mount assembly.
STPS2H100A
STPS2H100A by STMicroelectronics is a Schottky rectifier diode with 100V reverse test voltage, 2A max output current, and 0.88V max forward voltage. It is used in power applications due to its small outline package style and matte tin terminal finish for surface mount assembly.
STPSC8H065BY-TR
STPSC8H065BY-TR by STMicroelectronics is a Schottky rectifier diode with 650V reverse voltage, 8A output current, and 1.65V forward voltage. It is ideal for power applications, operates b/w -40 to 175°C, and complies with AEC-Q101 standard.
STPS1H100A
STMicroelectronics' STPS1H100A is a Schottky rectifier diode with 100V max repetitive peak reverse voltage and 1A max output current. It comes in a small outline package, suitable for surface mount applications up to 175°C. Ideal for high-speed switching power supplies and general rectification tasks.
STPS340UF
STMicroelectronics STPS340UF is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V reverse voltage and 3A output current. It has a max forward voltage of 0.57V and operates at temperatures up to 150°C. Ideal for fast recovery power applications, it comes in a small outline package suitable for surface mount technology.
STPS0560Z
STMicroelectronics' STPS0560Z is a Schottky rectifier diode with 60V reverse voltage, 0.66V forward voltage, and 0.5A output current. It comes in a small outline package suitable for surface mount applications. Ideal for electronic circuits requiring efficient power conversion at temperatures up to 150°C.
STPS3L60U-Y
STMicroelectronics STPS3L60U-Y is a Schottky rectifier diode with 60V reverse voltage, 0.79V forward voltage, and 150uA reverse current. It is designed for power applications, operates b/w -40 to 150 °C, and meets AEC-Q101 standard.
STPS30M100DJF-TR
STMicroelectronics' STPS30M100DJF-TR is a Schottky rectifier diode with 100V reverse voltage, 30A output current, and 0.96V forward voltage. It is used for efficiency applications in surface mount technology due to its small outline package style and dual terminal position.
STPS5L60SF
STMicroelectronics' STPS5L60SF is a Schottky rectifier diode with 60V reverse voltage, 5A output current, and 0.51V forward voltage. Ideal for power applications, it operates at up to 150°C and features a small outline package for surface mount assembly.
STPS2H100AY
STMicroelectronics STPS2H100AY is a Schottky rectifier diode with 100V reverse voltage, 2A output current, and 0.88V forward voltage. It is designed for power applications, operates b/w -40 to 175°C, and complies with AEC-Q101 and UL standards.
STPS340UY
STMicroelectronics STPS340UY is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V reverse voltage and 0.84V forward voltage. It operates b/w -40 to 150 °C, suitable for fast recovery power applications. This single-config diode has matte tin finish, dual terminals, and peak reflow temp of 260C.
STPS30H100DJF-TR
STPS30H100DJF-TR by STMicroelectronics is a Schottky rectifier diode with 100V reverse voltage and 0.84V forward voltage. It has a max operating temperature of 150°C, making it suitable for high-efficiency applications. This single-configured diode comes in a small outline package with matte tin terminals for surface mount assembly.
STPS3L60UFN
STMicroelectronics STPS3L60UFN is a Schottky rectifier diode with 60V reverse test voltage, 3A max output current, and 0.79V max forward voltage. Ideal for power applications due to its small outline package style and high operating temperature of 150°C.
STPS3L60UF
STMicroelectronics' STPS3L60UF is a Schottky rectifier diode with 60V reverse voltage and 3A output current. It operates at a max temp of 150°C, suitable for power applications. The diode has a forward voltage of 0.59V and can handle non-repetitive peak forward currents up to 100A.
STPS1H100AY
STPS1H100AY by STMicroelectronics is a Schottky rectifier diode with 100V max reverse voltage, 1A max output current, and 0.86V max forward voltage. Ideal for high voltage power applications, it operates b/w -40 to 175°C with surface mount packaging in small outline style.
STPS3150UY
STMicroelectronics STPS3150UY is a Schottky rectifier diode with 150V reverse voltage, 0.89V forward voltage, and 80A peak forward current. It operates b/w -40 to 175°C, ideal for efficiency applications in automotive electronics due to AEC-Q101 compliance.
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved