Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Silicon Labs' 545ABA25M0000ABGR XO Clock Oscillator operates at 25 MHz with LVPECL type. It offers 10% frequency stability, 3.465 V max supply voltage, and 5 pF output load. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in a compact form factor.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
4
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
VNN
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Nova Conductors
Digiode
Vyrian
Ampacity Inc.
$1.010
Argo Parts USA
Continental Prestige Electronics
Corphita
Netroflash
Provides reliable and accurate timing for applications requiring precise frequency control.
Allows for a wide range of supply voltage options, increasing flexibility in system design.
Suitable for driving low capacitive loads, ensuring efficient performance.
Provides low output jitter and noise, ideal for high-speed digital applications.
Ensures stable performance in a wide temperature range, suitable for various environments.
XO Clock Oscillators 545ABA25M0000ABGR attributes and parameters. Explore more XO Clock Oscillators devices from Silicon Labs
Additional Features:
Maximum Fall Time:
Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical):
Frequency Stability:
JESD-609 Code:
Mounting Feature:
No. of Terminals:
Nominal Operating Frequency:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Oscillator Type:
Output Load:
Physical Dimension:
Maximum Rise Time:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Maximum Symmetry (%):
Terminal Finish:
Silicon Laboratories, Inc. (Silicon Labs) is a fabless global technology company that designs and manufactures semiconductors, other silicon devices and software, which it sells to electronics design engineers and manufacturers in Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure worldwide. It is headquartered in Austin, Texas, United States. The company focuses on microcontrollers (MCUs) and wireless system on chips (SoCs) and modules. The company also produces software stacks including firmware libraries and protocol-based software, and a free software development platform called Simplicity Studio. Silicon Labs was founded in 1996 and released its first product, an updated DAA design that enabled manufacturers to reduce the size and cost of a modem, two years later. During its first three years, the company focused on RF and CMOS integration, and developed the world's first CMOS RF synthesizer for mobile phones which was released in 1999. Following the appointment of Tyson Tuttle as the CEO in 2012, Silicon Labs has increasingly focused on developing technologies for the IoT market, which in 2019 accounted for more than 50 percent of the company's revenue, but in 2020 had increased to about 58 percent. In 1998, Silicon Labs released its first product, an updated Direct Access Arrangement (DAA) design that enabled manufacturers to reduce the size and cost of a modem.
BAV99
Kec
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148WT
Good-ark Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM107H/883
Texas Instruments
LM107H/883 by Texas Instruments is a MIL-STD-883 compliant operational amplifier with 3000uV max input offset voltage, 80dB common mode reject ratio, and 250kHz unity gain bandwidth. Ideal for military applications due to its -55 to 125 °C operating temperature range and robust metal package body material.
SMBJ18CA
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's SMBJ18CA is a bidirectional TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE with a max clamping voltage of 29.2 V and a breakdown voltage of 21.05 V. It is surface mountable and commonly used in transient suppression applications.
LL4148
Rugao Dachang Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
SS14
Taiwan Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138K-13
Diodes Incorporated
BSS138K-13 by Diodes Inc. is a N-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, ideal for switching applications. It features single configuration with built-in diode, operating in enhancement mode. With 3 terminals and 0.31A max drain current, it offers high performance in small outline package style.
EPCS4SI8N
Altera
CONFIGURATION MEMORY; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Parallel or Serial: SERIAL;
1N4148WS
Eic Semiconductor
OPA2277UA/2K5E4
OPA2277UA/2K5E4 by Texas Instruments is a dual operational amplifier with low-offset and micropower features. It has a max input offset voltage of 100uV, nominal common mode reject ratio of 140dB, and min slew rate of 0.8V/us. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise signal amplification in compact designs.
ULN2803A
Sanken Electric
NPN; Configuration: 8 BANKS, DARLINGTON WITH BUILT-IN DIODE AND RESISTOR; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; JESD-30 Code: R-PDIP-T18; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY;
BSS123LT1G
Onsemi
BSS123LT1G by Onsemi is a N-CHANNEL FET with 100V DS breakdown voltage, 0.17A drain current, and 6 ohm on resistance. Ideal for switching applications, it operates in enhancement mode with a max power dissipation of 0.225W. It comes in a small outline package with gull wing terminals and can withstand temperatures from -55 to 150°C.
CRG0805F10K
Tyco Electronics Components
FIXED RESISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Resistance: 10000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .125 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Tolerance: 1 %;
M39029/56-351
Glenair
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Associated Backshell Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; Material: COPPER ALLOY; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; Contact Gender: FEMALE; DIN Conformity: NO;
Bytesonic Electronics
Micro Commercial Components
Vishay Semiconductors
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: J BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM107H
Rochester Electronics
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TO-99; Package Shape: ROUND;
RC0805FR-0710KL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0805FR-0710KL is a 10000 ohm SMT fixed resistor with 1% tolerance and 0.125 W power dissipation. Ideal for applications requiring resistance to operate b/w -55°C to 155°C, such as in automotive electronics or industrial control systems. Features metal glaze/thick film technology and matte tin finish with nickel barrier.
2N7002
Infineon Technologies
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR;
LTC6991CS6#TRMPBF
Analog Devices
LTC6991CS6#TRMPBF by Analog Devices is a CMOS XO Clock Oscillator with 5.5V max supply voltage, 5pF output load, and 2.7ms rise time. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in compact designs with surface mounting feature.
SG-8018CG123.456789M-TJHPA0
Seiko Epson
SG-8018CG123.456789M-TJHPA0 by Seiko Epson is a CMOS XO Clock Oscillator with 123.456789 MHz frequency, 50% stability, and 15 pF output load. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in a compact form factor with surface mounting feature.
SIT1602AC-82-33E-25.000000X
Sitime
SIT1602AC-82-33E-25.000000X by Sitime is a 25MHz XO Clock Oscillator with 25% frequency stability, LVCMOS type, and 15pF output load. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature range of -20 to 70°C.
DSC1001CI2-100.8000T
Microchip Technology
DSC1001CI2-100.8000T by Microchip is a 100.8 MHz XO Clock Oscillator with 25% frequency stability, suitable for AEC-Q100 applications. It operates at a max supply voltage of 3.6V and has a compact size of 3.2mm x 2.5mm x 0.9mm, making it ideal for surface mount installations in automotive and industrial environments.
ISM92-3351AH-14.7456MHZ
Abracon
Abracon's ISM92-3351AH-14.7456MHZ XO Clock Oscillator operates at 14.7456MHz with a frequency stability of 25%. It has a max supply voltage of 3.465V and is ideal for applications requiring precise timing in electronics, telecommunications, and industrial equipment.
CB3LV-3C-50.0000-T
Cts
CB3LV-3C-50.0000-T by Cts is a ceramic XO Clock Oscillator with 50% frequency stability, 3.6V max supply voltage, and 10 TTL output load. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in electronic devices with operating frequencies ranging from 1.5MHz to 160MHz.
SIT9121AI-2C2-25E200.000000
SIT9121AI-2C2-25E200.000000 by Sitime is a 200 MHz LVDS XO Clock Oscillator with 25% frequency stability, suitable for applications requiring precise timing. It operates at a max supply voltage of 2.75 V and has a compact size of 5mm x 3.2mm x 0.75mm, making it ideal for surface mount installations in temperature-sensitive environments.
ACO-25.000MHZ-EK
Abracon's ACO-25.000MHZ-EK XO Clock Oscillator operates at 25MHz with 30% frequency stability. It has a max supply voltage of 5.5V and output load of 10 TTL, 15pF. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in environments ranging from -20°C to 70°C.
LTC6908HS6-2#TRMPBF
LTC6908HS6-2#TRMPBF by Analog Devices is a CMOS XO Clock Oscillator with 40% frequency stability, operating at frequencies from 0.05 MHz to 10 MHz. It has a supply voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V and is suitable for applications requiring precise timing in temperature-sensitive environments.
ASA-26.000MHZ-L-T3
Abracon's ASA-26.000MHZ-L-T3 is a 26MHz XO Clock Oscillator with 50% frequency stability, HCMOS type, and 10mA max supply current. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature range of -40°C to 85°C.
ASDMB-25.000MHZ-LY-T
Abracon's ASDMB-25.000MHZ-LY-T is a 25MHz XO Clock Oscillator with 10% frequency stability, 15pF output load, and CMOS oscillator type. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in a compact form factor. Operating from -40 to 85°C, it features fast rise/fall times and surface mounting feature.
ASDMB-12.000MHZ-LC-T
Abracon's ASDMB-12.000MHZ-LC-T is a 12 MHz XO Clock Oscillator with 50% frequency stability, 15 pF output load, and CMOS oscillator type. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature range of -40 to 85°C. Dimensions: 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 0.85mm, suitable for surface mounting feature.
ECS-100AX-250
Ecs International
ECS-100AX-250 by Ecs International is a XO Clock Oscillator with 25MHz frequency, 100% stability, and 150MHz max operating frequency. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in environments ranging from 0 to 70°C.
XLH536025.000000I
Renesas Electronics
XLH536025.000000I by Renesas Electronics is a 25 MHz HCMOS XO Clock Oscillator with 3.465 V max supply voltage, 15 pF output load, and 25% frequency stability. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature range of -40 to 85 °C, such as telecommunications equipment and industrial automation systems.
ASDMB-26.000MHZ-LC-T
Abracon's ASDMB-26.000MHZ-LC-T is a 26 MHz XO Clock Oscillator with 50% frequency stability, 15 pF output load, and CMOS oscillator type. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature-sensitive environments. Dimensions of 2.5mm x 2.0mm x 0.85mm make it suitable for compact designs in various electronic devices.
545BAA100M000BAGR
Silicon Labs
Silicon Labs' 545BAA100M000BAGR XO Clock Oscillator operates at 100 MHz with LVDS type output. It features a frequency stability of 20%, max supply voltage of 3.465 V, and MIL-STD-883 screening level. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in environments ranging from -40°C to 85°C.
ASHEK4-32.768KHZ-T
Abracon's ASHEK4-32.768KHZ-T is a ceramic XO Clock Oscillator with 10% frequency stability, operating at 0.032768 MHz. It has a max supply voltage of 1.89 V and low power consumption (0.0015 mA), making it ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature-sensitive environments.
511ABA100M000AAG
511ABA100M000AAG by Silicon Labs is a LVPECL XO Clock Oscillator with 100 MHz frequency, 25% stability, and MIL-STD-883 screening. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in environments ranging from -40 to 85°C.
EH4625ETTTS-54.000MTR
Abracon's EH4625ETTTS-54.000MTR is a 54 MHz XO Clock Oscillator with LVCMOS type, 25% frequency stability, and 15 pF output load. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature-sensitive environments.
ASDK-32.768KHZ-L-R-T
Abracon's ASDK-32.768KHZ-L-R-T is a ceramic XO Clock Oscillator with 25% frequency stability, 3.63V max supply voltage, and 15pF output load. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C in surface mount configurations.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
545ACA128M000ABGR
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Frequency Stability: 7 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Terminal Finish: Nickel/Gold (Ni/Au); JESD-609 Code: e4;
Skyworks Solutions
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Frequency Stability: 7 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Output Load: 50 OHM; JESD-609 Code: e4;
545ACA128M000ABG
The 545ACA128M000ABG by Skyworks Solutions is a XO Clock Oscillator with a frequency stability of 7%, a maximum supply voltage of 3.465 V, and an output load of 50 OHM. It operates at a nominal frequency of 128 MHz and has a LVPECL oscillator type. It also features a TRI-STATE, ENABLE/DISABLE function, complementary output, and surface mount mounting feature.
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Frequency Stability: 7 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Additional Features: TRI-STATE; ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; COMPLEMENTARY OUTPUT; TAPE; Output Load: 50 OHM;
545ABA156M250ACG
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Minimum Supply Voltage: 3.135 V;
545ABA25M0000ABGR
545ABA25M0000ABG
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Nominal Operating Frequency: 25 MHz;
545ABA25M0000BBG
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Additional Features: ENABLE/DISABLE FUNCTION; 2.5V SUPPLY VOLTAGE ALSO AVAILABLE; TAPE;
545ABA25M0000BBGR
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Maximum Supply Voltage: 3.465 V;
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
545ABA25M0000CBG
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Maximum Symmetry (%): 55/45;
545ABA25M0000CBGR
545ABA25M0000CCGR
545ABA25M0000ACG
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Output Load: 50 OHM;
545ABA25M0000BCG
545ABA25M0000BCGR
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Package Equivalence Code: SOLCC6,.12;
545ABA25M0000ACGR
545ABA25M0000CCG
LVPECL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 6; Frequency Stability: 10 %; Frequency Adjustment (Mechanical): NO; Maximum Supply Current: 153 mA;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved