Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Mean Well Enterprises' DDR-15L-15 is a CE, EAC, EN, IEC approved power supply module with adjustable 13.5-16.5 V output voltage range and 86% efficiency. Operating from -40 to 85 °C, it offers protection against over/under voltage, overload, reverse polarity, and short circuit making it ideal for DC-DC regulated power supply applications up to 15W.
Median Price
$22.500
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
15
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Farnell
1+ parts
$17.430
100+ parts
$16.440
1k+ parts
-
10k+ parts
Distrelec
$19.939
TRC Electronics
$20.100
Element14
$24.247
Newark
$29.590
$19.860
$17.810
Conrad
$33.221
Verical
Welectron
$15.222
Nova Conductors
$16.977
ProConnecting
$19.700
$17.500
Schukat
$17.688
Maritex
$20.099
$17.801
TME
$17.800
Electro Sonic
$20.700
$18.330
Vyrian
Corohmni
$5.328
AZTECH Wire
$6.051
Continental Prestige Electronics
$14.070
Semicontronic
$14.820
$14.450
$14.375
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$15.940
Ampacity Inc.
$16.950
Netroflash
$16.638
Neutron USA
$81.780
Argo Parts USA
This product has received various approvals which ensures its quality and safety standards are met.
The adjustable output feature allows for flexibility in voltage settings to meet specific requirements.
Low ripple voltage ensures a stable and clean output power, beneficial for sensitive electronic devices.
High efficiency means less energy loss and better overall performance of the power supply module.
With a high maximum operating temperature, this product can withstand harsh environmental conditions.
The multiple protection features ensure the safety of both the power supply module and connected devices.
Power Supply Modules DDR-15L-15 attributes and parameters. Explore more Power Supply Modules devices from Mean Well Enterprises
Other IC type:
Approvals (V):
Main Output Efficiency:
Maximum Input Voltage:
Minimum Input Voltage:
Nominal Input Voltage:
JESD-30 Code:
Maximum Line Regulation:
Maximum Load Regulation:
No. of Functions:
No. of Outputs:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Maximum Output Current:
Maximum Output Voltage:
Minimum Output Voltage:
Nominal Output Voltage:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Protection(s):
Main Out Ripple Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Total Power Output:
Trim or Adjustable Output (V):
DDR-15L-15 Other Function Semiconductors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
PCN Design/Specification - Mult Devs - safety certification 04/SEP/2020 label marking chg 29/DEC/2020
Founded in 1982, MEAN WELL is one of the world's few manufacturers dedicated to standard power supply products. It is ranked the 3rd in global power supply (DC output) makers according to a report by Micro Technology released in March, 2023. 99% of MEAN WELL sales are of standard power supply products sold under the MEAN WELL brand name. The other two companies' products are ODM/OEM. MEAN WELL has been working as a "reliable partner" with customers, suppliers, contractors, and employees to build long lasting mutual trust relationships based on the spirit of "good intentions." Thanks to robust partnerships with 245 plus authorized distributors around the world, MEAN WELL has been growing and getting stronger for three decades. With 2,800 employees located at its global headquarters in New Taipei Industrial Park, Taiwan, branches and sales offices at Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Suzhou in China, California USA, and Netherlands in the EU, four production bases in New Taipei City (Taiwan), Huadu District in Guangzhou, Suzhou City in China, and Bangalore in India, MEAN WELL had a combined revenue of USD 1,493 million in 2022.
2N2222A
Raytheon Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE): 100; Maximum Turn On Time (ton): 35 ns;
RC0805FR-0710RL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0805FR-0710RL is a 10 ohm SMT fixed resistor with 1% tolerance and 0.125 W power dissipation. With a temperature range of -55 to 155 °C, it suits applications requiring precise resistance values in compact surface mount designs.
0460-202-16141
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's 0460-202-16141 contact features a crimp terminal type, machined contact design, and rated AC voltage of 1500V. With a wire gauge range of 20-16 AWG, it is ideal for applications requiring a male round pin-socket contact style in assembly products.
LM555CM
Onsemi
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
LM358MX
National Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Terry Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us; Config: SINGLE; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V;
BAV99
Weitronic Enterprise
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138-TP
Micro Commercial Components
BSS138-TP by Micro Commercial Components is a N-channel small signal FET with a min DS breakdown voltage of 50V and max drain current of 0.22A. It is commonly used in applications requiring enhancement mode operation, such as power management and switching circuits.
1N4148WS-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
1N4148WS-7-F by Diodes Inc. is a single rectifier diode with max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and max reverse current of 1 uA. It operates b/w -65 to 150 °C, ideal for applications requiring small outline surface mount diodes with a max output current of 0.15 A.
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
M24308/2-1F
Souriau
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Mating Info.: MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE; Body or Shell Style: RECEPTACLE; MIL Conformity: YES;
2N7002
North American Philips Discrete Products Div
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .115 A;
Electronic Transistors
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
LM555CN
Intersil
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
SMBJ18CA
Synsemi
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM7805CT
FIXED POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TO-220; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Maximum Input Voltage Absolute: 35 V; Maximum Voltage Tolerance: 5 %;
BSS138
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 50 V; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
AH180-WG-7
AH180-WG-7 by Diodes Inc. is a magnetic field sensor with 1.5mT hysteresis, 0.30V output range, and 9mA max operating current. Ideal for applications requiring non-inverting analog voltage output in a compact rectangular package suitable for surface mount installations.
261
Deltrol Controls
Other Relays;
CL31B104KBCNNNC
Samsung Electro-mechanics
Samsung Electro-mechanics CL31B104KBCNNNC is a ceramic capacitor with 0.1uF capacitance and 50V rated DC voltage. It features X7R temperature characteristics, -55 to 125 °C operating range, and compact SMT package style. Ideal for applications requiring high reliability in compact electronic devices.
TME2409S
Powersolve Electronics
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; No. of Terminals: 4; Package Code: SIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Output Current: .11 A;
TME2405S
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; No. of Terminals: 4; Package Code: SIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Load Regulation: 10 %;
TMR3-2423WIE
Traco Electronic Ag
TMR3-2423WIE by Traco Electronic Ag is a DC-DC regulated power supply module with 81% efficiency. It has 2 outputs, with a max output current of 0.1A and total power output of 3W. Ideal for applications requiring a compact power solution in industrial settings.
ADUM6028-5BRIZ-RL
Analog Devices
ADUM6028-5BRIZ-RL by Analog Devices is a DC-DC regulated power supply module with 33% efficiency, 0.03 Vrms ripple voltage, and 180000 kHz switching frequency. Ideal for automotive applications due to its compact size (7.5mm x 5.85mm) and approvals from CQC, CSA, UL, VDE.
NPF-40D-24
Mean Well Enterprises
AC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED;
MGFW152415-G
Cosel
The Cosel MGFW152415-G is a DC-DC regulated power supply module with 2 outputs. It offers a nominal output voltage of 15V and a max total power output of 15W. With a compact square package style and dual terminal position, it is ideal for applications requiring precise power delivery in limited space.
TEA1-0505E
TEA1-0505E by Traco Electronic Ag is a 1W DC-DC unregulated power supply module with 78% efficiency. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 95°C) and has a max output current of 0.2A. Ideal for applications requiring a compact, efficient power solution with over current protection.
V36SE12004NKFA
Delta Electronics
Delta Electronics V36SE12004NKFA is a 50.4W power supply module with trimmable output voltage (11.88-12.12V). Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125°C and accepts input voltages from 18-75V. Its hybrid technology and microelectronic assembly make it a versatile choice for various power supply needs.
BCM6123TD1E2663T01
Vicor
Vicor's BCM6123TD1E2663T01 is a 1500W DC-DC regulated power supply module with 97.3% efficiency, 24V nominal output voltage, and 62.5A max output current. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 125°C and is ideal for applications requiring high power density and reliable performance in industrial settings.
IRM-30-24
Mean Well Enterprises' IRM-30-24 power supply module offers 88.5% efficiency with a max output voltage of 24.6 V and a max total power output of 31.2 W. Ideal for applications requiring a regulated power supply, it features approvals from IEC, UL, TUV, EN, and EAC for reliability in various environments. With protection against short circuit, output overvoltage, and overload, this module operates b/w -30°C to 70°C temperatures efficiently.
MGS30243R3-R
The Cosel MGS30243R3-R is a DC-DC regulated power supply module with trimmable output voltage from 2.97V to 3.63V, ideal for applications requiring a nominal input voltage of 24V and delivering up to 26.4W of power. This rectangular microelectronic assembly features dual terminals, measures 50.8mm in length, and utilizes hybrid technology for efficient performance in compact spaces.
THN20-2411WIR
Traco Electronic Ag's THN20-2411WIR power supply module offers adjustable output voltage, 89% efficiency, and 4A max output current. With a compact design (25.4mm x 25.4mm x 9.9mm), it is ideal for applications requiring reliable power in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C.
KHHD002A5B41Z
Abb
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE;
APTS050A0X3-SRPHZ
Ge Industrial Solutions
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: DMA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; Main Output Efficiency: 90.1 %;
DCR010505U/1K
Texas Instruments
DCR010505U/1K by Texas Instruments is a voltage-mode DC-DC regulated power supply module with 12 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, offering an output voltage range of 4.9V to 5.1V with low ripple voltage of 0.003 Vrms. Ideal for industrial applications requiring compact, efficient power supplies.
PTH05010WAZ
PTH05010WAZ by Texas Instruments is a 15A DC-DC regulated power supply module with a 3.3V output voltage, 95% efficiency, and VOLTAGE-MODE control mode. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring high reliability and compact design due to its hybrid technology, ball terminal form, and protection against output over current and thermal issues.
DCP020503U
DCP020503U by Texas Instruments is a 2W DC-DC unregulated power supply module with 3.3V output voltage, 0.606A max current, and 74% efficiency. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C with approvals from UL. Package style is small outline, making it suitable for compact designs.
PCD-40-1750B
Mean Well Enterprises PCD-40-1750B power supply module offers 1.75A max output current, 85% efficiency, and 40.25W total power output. Ideal for applications requiring a voltage-mode control mode with input voltage range of 180-295V and operating temperatures from -30 to 50°C.
IRM-45-5
AC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED;
DCP020505U/1K
Burr-Brown Corporation
DC-DC UNREGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
DDR-15G-5
Mean Well Enterprises' DDR-15G-5 power supply module offers 84% efficiency, 3A max output current, and 15W total power output. With CE approval, it operates in industrial settings with a temperature range of -40 to 85 °C. Ideal for applications requiring a regulated 5V output voltage.
DDR-120B-24
Mean Well Enterprises' DDR-120B-24 power supply module offers 89.5% efficiency, 120W total power output, and adjustable output voltage from 24V to 28V. With approvals like CB, CE, UL, it is ideal for applications requiring a reliable DC-DC regulated power supply with protection features for over/under voltage and overload.
DDR-120A-48
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: XMA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
DDR-15L-24
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; Package Code: XMA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; Package Style (Meter): MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY; Approvals (V): CE, EAC, EN, IEC;
DDR-15L-12
Mean Well Enterprises' DDR-15L-12 is a CE, EAC, EN, IEC approved power supply module with adjustable 9-13.2 V output voltage range. With 86% efficiency and 1.25 A max output current, it's ideal for microelectronic assemblies in applications requiring protection against over/under voltage, overload, reverse polarity, and short circuits at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C.
DDR-15G-24
Mean Well Enterprises' DDR-15G-24 power supply module offers adjustable output voltage, high efficiency at 86%, and multiple protection features. With a max output current of 0.63 A and a total power output of 15 W, it is ideal for industrial applications requiring a nominal input voltage of 24 V and operating temperatures ranging from -40 to 85 °C.
DDR-15G-12
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: XMA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
DDR-15L-3.3
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; Package Code: XMA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; Terminal Form: UNSPECIFIED; Package Style (Meter): MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY;
DDR-15L-5
DC-DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY MODULE; Package Code: XMA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO; No. of Functions: 1; Terminal Form: UNSPECIFIED;
DDR-120B-12
Mean Well Enterprises' DDR-120B-12 power supply module offers a nominal output voltage of 12V and max output current of 10A. With approvals like CB, CE, and UL, it provides protection against over voltage, over load, and under voltage. Ideal for applications requiring a reliable DC-DC regulated power supply with adjustable output in a compact microelectronic assembly package.
DDR-15G-3.3
DDR-15G-15
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved