Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
TIMER, REAL TIME CLOCK; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Median Price
$14.675
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
16
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Farnell
1+ parts
$11.042
100+ parts
$8.253
1k+ parts
$6.260
10k+ parts
-
Mouser Electronics
$14.180
$9.530
$8.890
Newark
$15.170
$10.270
$9.600
Analog Devices Inc
$15.480
$10.531
$9.639
DigiKey
Element14
$19.830
$13.330
$12.430
Verical
$7.594
Arrow
$9.092
$8.509
$8.252
Nova Conductors
$7.560
Digiode
$10.165
Chip Stock
Vyrian
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
ComSIT USA
Anansix
SPM Sales
Vigor
$3.600
Semicontronic
$5.430
$5.294
$5.267
Ampacity Inc.
Aranea Global
$7.409
$7.112
Continental Prestige Electronics
$8.990
$6.720
$5.660
Corphita
$9.630
Corohmni
$17.874
Microchip USA
$29.650
$29.230
$29.020
$28.800
MARBEL Systems
$41.350
$39.696
Advanced Electronics
$46.703
$42.500
$38.296
Texas Native Microelectronics
$47.529
$41.826
Kenton Components
$57.035
$50.191
Modulus Dynamics
$64.051
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$74.490
Qasali Group International
$128.328
$112.929
Lixinc
Perfect Parts
Argo Parts USA
Futuretech Components
Robosynatics
Lucentia Tech
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Timers & Real-Time Clocks DS3232MZ+ attributes and parameters. Explore more Timers & Real-Time Clocks devices from Maxim Integrated
Maximum Clock Frequency:
Information Access Method:
Interrupt Capability:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Terminals:
No. of Timers:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Power Supplies (V):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Minimum Time:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Volatile:
Width:
Peripheral IC Type:
DS3232MZ+ Peripheral ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
Maxim Integrated is a leading provider of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for a range of industries, including automotive, industrial, communications, consumer, and computing. Founded in 1983 with headquarters in San Jose, California, Maxim has grown to become one of the world’s largest producers of integrated circuits due to its innovative solutions that solve customers’ toughest design challenges. Maxim's broad portfolio includes products such as power management solutions, high-voltage solutions, motor driver solutions, amplifiers and comparators, data converters and interface ICs. For over 35 years, Maxim has continued to push the boundaries of analog integration by providing innovative integrated circuit products that offer the industry’s highest performance and best quality. The company’s commitment to delivering cutting-edge technology enables customers to stay current with changing demands in the market. From automotive check engine lights to fitness trackers worn on the wrist – Maxim enables customers across multiple industries to create groundbreaking products through their advanced IC designs. Maxim Integrated is now officially part of Analog Devices.
President & CEO
Tunc Doluca
Senior VP & CFO
Brian C. White
Senior VP, Technology & Manufacturing Group
Vivek Jain
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
Philippines
Cavite
Wafer Capacity
489,000
USA
Beaverton
312,000
Thailand
Chon Buri
194,000
LL4148
Lite-on Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
2N2222A
Tesla Elektronicke Soucastky
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Electronic Transistors
RC0402FR-071KL
Yageo
The Yageo RC0402FR-071KL is a fixed resistor with a resistance of 1000 ohm and a tolerance of 1%. It is suitable for surface mount applications and has a max operating temperature of 155 °C.
Weitronic Enterprise
LM2931Z-5.0G
Onsemi
LM2931Z-5.0G by Onsemi is a Fixed Positive Single Output LDO Regulator with 5V output voltage, 0.6V dropout voltage, and 0.1A output current. It is ideal for applications requiring stable power supply in temperature-sensitive environments due to its operating range of -40°C to 125°C.
LM358N
Motorola
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DS18B20Z
Maxim Integrated
DS18B20Z by Maxim Integrated is a 12-bit digital temperature sensor with 1-Wire interface. It operates b/w -55 to 125°C, with ±0.5°C accuracy. Suitable for applications requiring precise temperature monitoring in compact spaces.
Bytesonic Electronics
EEAGA1H4R7
Panasonic
Panasonic EEAGA1H4R7 is a 4.7uF, 50V Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor with 0.1 Tan Delta and 0.003mA Leakage Current. Ideal for applications requiring high ripple current handling in temperatures ranging from -55 to 105°C.
SS14
Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BAV99
Lite-on Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Operating Temperature: 175 Cel; Maximum Output Current: .1 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .006 us;
1N4148
Shanghai Lunsure Electronic Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1 V; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us; Config: SINGLE;
1N5819HW-7-F
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
FDN306P
Fairchild Semiconductor
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Drain Current (Abs) (ID): 2.6 A; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
2N7002
Panjit International
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 40; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
Eic Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148WS
Dc Components
STM32F405RGT6
STMicroelectronics
STM32F405RGT6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with 2/3.3V power supplies, 16 external interrupts, and 196608 RAM bytes. Ideal for industrial applications, it features CAN(2), I2C(3), SPI(3) connectivity options and operates at a max clock frequency of 26 MHz. With low power mode and DMA support, it offers versatile performance in compact dimensions.
Changzhou Galaxy Century Microelectronics
DS1390U-33/V+T
Analog Devices
DS1390U-33/V+T by Analog Devices is a 10-terminal RTC with 3.3V supply, SPI interface, and industrial temperature grade. It's ideal for automotive applications due to AEC-Q100 screening, interrupt capability, and small outline package.
ISL12057IBZ
Intersil
DS1344E-33+
DS1344E-33+ by Analog Devices is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with 3.3V supply, 4MHz clock frequency, and -40 to 85°C operating temp. It has SERIAL, 3-WIRE access method for industrial applications requiring interrupt capability in a small outline package.
DS3231S-C14
DS3231S-C14 by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with I2C interface. It operates b/w 0-70°C, supports 3.3V nominal voltage, and has a clock frequency of 0.032 MHz. Ideal for applications requiring precise timekeeping in commercial-grade environments.
RTC-72423A-3
Epson Toyocom
TIMER, REAL TIME CLOCK; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
FT3001UMX
TIMER, REAL TIME CLOCK; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; Package Code: VQCCN; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Length: 1.8 mm;
CDP68HC68T1M
Rochester Electronics
TIMER, REAL TIME CLOCK; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE;
M41T83ZMY6F
STMicroelectronics M41T83ZMY6F is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with SERIAL(I2C) access, 8-bit RAM, and interrupt capability. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with supply voltage range of 2.38-5.5V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring accurate timekeeping in compact designs.
MCP7940NT-I/SN
Microchip Technology
MCP7940NT-I/SN by Microchip Technology is a CMOS RTC with I2C interface, 64-word RAM, interrupt capability, and 1.8-5.5V supply range. Ideal for industrial applications requiring real-time clock functions in a compact SMD package with AEC-Q100 screening level.
DS1302Z/T&R
DS1302Z/T&R by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS timer/real-time clock with 3.3V nominal voltage, 8 terminals, and 0.032 MHz max clock frequency. It is used in applications requiring small outline packages, serial access method, and volatile memory for timekeeping.
DS1394U-33+T&R
Timers or RTCs; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
FTL75939UCX
FTL75939UCX by Onsemi is a CMOS TIMER with 12 terminals, operating at -40 to 85 °C. It has a supply voltage range of 1.2V to 5.5V and comes in a very thin profile grid array package style. Ideal for industrial applications requiring programmable timing functions in compact designs.
M41T81M6E
M41T81M6E by STMicroelectronics is a CMOS timer/real-time clock with I2C access, interrupt capability, and 1.27mm terminal pitch. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C and has a supply voltage range of 2-5.5V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise timekeeping in compact designs.
DS3232MZ+
DS1244Y-70+
DS1244Y-70+ by Analog Devices is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with 28 terminals, 8-bit external data bus width, and parallel access method. It operates b/w 0 to 70°C, has a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 5.5V, and is commonly used in applications requiring precise timekeeping and scheduling functionalities.
DS12C887A+
TIMER, PROGRAMMABLE; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
M41T56M6
M41T56M6 by STMicroelectronics is a CMOS timer/real-time clock IC with I2C access, operating b/w -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 4.5-5.5V and supports interrupt capability. This compact IC in a small outline package is ideal for industrial applications requiring accurate timekeeping and scheduling functions.
DS3231MZ+TRL
DS3231MZ+TRL by Analog Devices is a CMOS timer and real-time clock with I2C access method. It operates at a supply voltage of 3.3V and has an industrial temperature grade range of -45 to 85°C. This surface mount device is commonly used in applications requiring precise timekeeping.
X1226S8I
M48T35AV-10PC1
STMicroelectronics M48T35AV-10PC1 is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with 28 terminals, 3.3V supply, and 0.032 MHz clock frequency. It operates b/w 0-70°C, uses parallel access method, and has PLASTIC/EPOXY package for applications requiring accurate timekeeping in various electronic devices.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
DS3234SN#
DS3234SN# by Analog Devices is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with SERIAL, 4-WIRE/SPI access method. It operates at 3.3V with interrupt capability and industrial temperature grade. Suitable for applications requiring precise timekeeping in compact form factor.
TIMER, REAL TIME CLOCK; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 20; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DS3231SN+TR
DS3231SN+TR by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS Real-Time Clock with I2C interface, 16 terminals, interrupt capability, and operates b/w -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.3V to 5.5V and is ideal for industrial applications requiring precise timekeeping in compact designs.
DS3231SN#T&R
TIMER, REAL TIME CLOCK; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DS3231SN/T&R
DS3231SN/T&R by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with I2C interface. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, suitable for industrial applications. The small outline package has 16 terminals and supports clock frequency up to 0.032 MHz.
Analog Devices' DS3231SN#T&R is a CMOS timer & real-time clock with I2C access, 16 terminals, interrupt capability, and operates b/w -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.3-5.5V, small outline package style, and is suitable for industrial applications requiring precise timekeeping in compact designs.
DS3234SN#T&R
Analog Devices' DS3234SN#T&R is a CMOS timer/real-time clock IC with 8-bit resolution, operating at 3.3V. It features SPI interface, interrupt capability, and industrial temperature grade suitability. Widely used in applications requiring precise timekeeping and scheduling functions.
DS3231SN
DS3231SN by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with I2C interface. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, has 16 terminals, and supports clock frequency up to 0.032 MHz. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise timekeeping in compact designs.
DS3231SN#
DS3231SN# by Analog Devices is a CMOS timer/real-time clock with I2C access, 16 terminals, interrupt capability, and operates b/w -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.3-5.5V and is ideal for industrial applications requiring precise timekeeping in compact designs.
DS3231SN+
DS3231SN+ by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS timer/real-time clock with I2C access, interrupt capability, and 16 terminals. Operating temperature range from -40 to 85°C makes it suitable for industrial applications requiring precise timekeeping in compact spaces. Package dimensions of 10.3mm x 7.5mm x 2.65mm and low power consumption at 3.3V supply voltage enhance its versatility in various electronic designs.
DS3231MZ+
DS3231MZ+ by Analog Devices is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with I2C interface. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, with supply voltage of 2.3-5.5 V. Suitable for industrial applications due to interrupt capability and small outline package style.
DS3231S#T&R
TIMER, REAL TIME CLOCK; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DS3231S/T&R
DS3231S/T&R by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with I2C interface. It operates at 3.3V, has interrupt capability, and supports a clock frequency of 0.032 MHz. Ideal for applications requiring precise timekeeping in commercial temperature range.
DS3231S#T&R by Analog Devices is a CMOS TIMER & REAL TIME CLOCK with I2C interface. It operates b/w 0-70 °C, with supply voltage range of 2.3-5.5 V. Ideal for applications requiring precise timekeeping in compact designs.
DS3231S+TR
DS3231S+TR by Analog Devices is a CMOS RTC with I2C interface, 16 terminals, interrupt capability, and operates b/w 0-70°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.3-5.5V and is ideal for applications requiring precise timekeeping in commercial-grade environments.
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved