Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
DS2482S-100 by Maxim Integrated is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V and is ideal for industrial applications requiring buffer or inverter-based interface ICs with a source current flow direction.
Median Price
$1.240
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
5
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Rochester
1+ parts
-
100+ parts
1k+ parts
$1.030
10k+ parts
$0.919
Digiode
$0.969
Nova Conductors
$1.383
Vyrian
Anansix
Ampacity Inc.
$0.870
Semicontronic
$0.848
$0.844
Corphita
$0.918
Vigor
$0.990
Modulus Dynamics
$1.008
$0.998
$0.968
Continental Prestige Electronics
$1.360
$1.333
Argo Parts USA
Advanced Electronics
$2.715
$2.579
Microchip USA
$6.370
Corohmni
$7.375
MARBEL Systems
$9.145
Texas Native Microelectronics
$10.511
$10.091
$9.775
$9.250
Kenton Components
$12.613
$11.100
AZTECH Wire
$12.727
Qasali Group International
$28.380
$26.393
$24.974
Glotronic Ltd.
Robosynatics
Lucentia Tech
$0.120
Kepictronics
Bastille Electronics
Plastic/Epoxy material makes the package durable and resistant to damage, providing long-lasting performance.
Surface mount capability allows for easy installation on circuit boards, saving space and simplifying the assembly process.
High maximum supply voltage ensures compatibility with a wide range of power sources, increasing versatility.
Low minimum supply voltage allows for efficient operation even with lower power sources, ensuring reliability.
High maximum operating temperature ensures stable performance even in challenging environmental conditions.
Low minimum operating temperature allows for use in a wide range of temperature environments without performance issues.
Stable nominal supply voltage provides consistent power to the peripheral driver, enhancing its functionality.
Buffer or inverter based design offers flexibility for different types of peripheral driver applications, making it versatile.
Peripheral Drivers DS2482S-100 attributes and parameters. Explore more Peripheral Drivers devices from Maxim Integrated
Interface IC Type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Output Current Flow Direction:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width:
DS2482S-100 Interface ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
Maxim Integrated is a leading provider of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for a range of industries, including automotive, industrial, communications, consumer, and computing. Founded in 1983 with headquarters in San Jose, California, Maxim has grown to become one of the world’s largest producers of integrated circuits due to its innovative solutions that solve customers’ toughest design challenges. Maxim's broad portfolio includes products such as power management solutions, high-voltage solutions, motor driver solutions, amplifiers and comparators, data converters and interface ICs. For over 35 years, Maxim has continued to push the boundaries of analog integration by providing innovative integrated circuit products that offer the industry’s highest performance and best quality. The company’s commitment to delivering cutting-edge technology enables customers to stay current with changing demands in the market. From automotive check engine lights to fitness trackers worn on the wrist – Maxim enables customers across multiple industries to create groundbreaking products through their advanced IC designs. Maxim Integrated is now officially part of Analog Devices.
President & CEO
Tunc Doluca
Senior VP & CFO
Brian C. White
Senior VP, Technology & Manufacturing Group
Vivek Jain
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
Philippines
Cavite
Wafer Capacity
489,000
USA
Beaverton
312,000
Thailand
Chon Buri
194,000
ST3485EBDR
STMicroelectronics
ST3485EBDR by STMicroelectronics is a Line Driver & Receiver with 3.3V power supply, EIA-422/EIA-485 interface standard, and 30ns max transmit delay. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring differential output and operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C.
LL4148
Sinyork
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Config: SINGLE; No. of Phases: 1; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 100 V;
OPA2227UA
Texas Instruments
OPA2227UA by Texas Instruments is a dual operational amplifier with low-offset voltage of 200 uV and bias current of 0.01 uA. It operates at temperatures ranging from -40 to 85 °C, making it suitable for industrial applications requiring precise signal amplification. With a unity gain bandwidth of 8000 kHz, this op amp is ideal for high-frequency circuit designs.
2N2222A
North American Philips Discrete Products Div
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
M39029/58360
Esterline Technologies
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Terminal Type: CRIMP; Removal Tools: M81969/14-01; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999; IEC Conformity: NO; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT;
SS14
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's SS14 is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.5V and output current of 1A. Operating at up to 125°C, it has a repetitive peak reverse voltage of 40V. Ideal for surface mount applications, it suits various electronic circuits requiring efficient rectification and low forward voltage drop.
Rfe International
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148WT
Diodes Incorporated
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Zowie Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Phases: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 30 A;
LM358N
Intersil
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Frontier Electronics
STM32H753BIT6
STM32H753BIT6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with 208 terminals, operating at up to 48 MHz. It features 20-Ch 16-Bit ADCs, 2-Ch 12-Bit DACs, and extensive peripherals for industrial applications like CAN, Ethernet, and USB connectivity. With a wide temperature range of -40 to +85 °C, it's ideal for demanding environments requiring high-speed processing capabilities.
ULN2803A
Allegro MicroSystems
NPN; Configuration: 8 BANKS, DARLINGTON WITH BUILT-IN DIODE AND RESISTOR; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE;
BSS84-7-F
Diodes Inc. BSS84-7-F is a P-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, 0.13A max drain current, and 10 ohm RDS(on). Ideal for switching applications, it features a single configuration with built-in diode in a small outline package. Operating in enhancement mode at up to 150°C, it has Gull Wing terminals and matte tin finish.
1N4148
Microchip Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
261
New England Microwave
Other Interface ICs; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Equivalence Code: FL14(UNSPEC); Power Supplies (V): +-5,-15; Package Body Material: PLASTIC/EPOXY; Surface Mount: YES;
Won-top Electronics
Silicon Transistor
M/a-com Technology Solutions
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Terminal Position: BOTTOM; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL;
USB3320C-EZK-TR
Microchip Technology's USB3320C-EZK-TR is a Bus Controller IC with 32 terminals, operating at 1.6-2V. It supports USB bus compatibility, clock frequency up to 60MHz, and CMOS technology. Ideal for applications requiring Universal Serial Bus peripherals in compact designs with low power consumption.
VN5T006ASPTR-E
STMicroelectronics' VN5T006ASPTR-E is a peripheral driver with 10 terminals, built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage. It operates at supply voltages ranging from 8V to 36V and has a nominal output peak current limit of 115A. Ideal for automotive applications due to AEC-Q100 screening level.
BTS50085-1TMA
Infineon Technologies
BTS50085-1TMA by Infineon is a MOS technology peripheral driver with 24V nominal voltage and 11.1A output peak current limit. It offers built-in protections for transient, overvoltage, and thermal events, making it ideal for automotive applications requiring high power supplies up to 58V. The small outline package with gull wing terminals ensures efficient surface mount installation in compact spaces.
IRS2183STRPBF
International Rectifier
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DS2482S-800+
Analog Devices
DS2482S-800+ by Analog Devices is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, operating at 2.9V to 5.5V. It has a small outline package style and industrial temperature grade suitable for buffer or inverter-based applications in various electronic devices.
FDC6323L
Fairchild Semiconductor
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: LSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Functions: 1;
LM3526M-L/NOPB
National Semiconductor
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
TPS22919DCKR
TPS22919DCKR by Texas Instruments is a 6-terminal peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and thermal issues. It has a max output peak current limit of 3A and operates in industrial temperature grade range (-40 to 105°C). This buffer/inverter-based driver is ideal for applications requiring sink output current flow direction.
VND14NV04TR-E
VND14NV04TR-E by STMicroelectronics is a small outline peripheral driver with built-in protections against transient, over current, and over voltage. It has a nominal output peak current limit of 18A and turn-on time of 4.5µs. Ideal for applications requiring sink output current flow direction in compact spaces.
IPS160HFTR
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER;
EL7156CSZ-T7A
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BTS5210LAUMA1
BTS5210LAUMA1 by Infineon is a peripheral driver with 2 functions, operating at 5.5-40V. It offers built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage scenarios. This small outline device is ideal for applications requiring a nominal output peak current limit of 3.9A and turn-on/off times of 250/270µs.
BSP742R
BSP742R by Infineon Technologies is a Peripheral Driver with 8 terminals, MOS technology, and built-in protections for transient, over current, over voltage, thermal, and under voltage. It operates at supply voltages of 5-34 V and has a turn-on time of 140 us. Ideal for automotive applications requiring buffer or inverter based peripheral drivers.
VN5050JTR-E
VN5050JTR-E by STMicroelectronics is a peripheral driver with a max supply voltage of 36V and built-in protections for transient, over current, over voltage, thermal, and under voltage. It operates on power supplies ranging from 8V to 36V and has a min supply voltage of 4.5V. This CMOS technology-based device is ideal for applications requiring buffer or inverter based peripheral drivers with sink output current flow direction.
VND7050AJTR
VND7050AJTR by STMicroelectronics is a 16-terminal peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage. It operates b/w 4-28 V, has turn-on/off times of 120/100 us, and is ideal for interface IC applications requiring sink output current flow direction.
SN754410NEE4
SN754410NEE4 by Texas Instruments is a 16-terminal peripheral driver with 2 functions. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, supporting a max supply voltage of 36 V and output current up to 1 A. Ideal for industrial applications requiring true output polarity and built-in transient/thermal protections.
LM3526M-L/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 2.7V to 5.5V, and built-in protections for transient, over current, thermal, and under voltage. It has an output current limit of 1.2A and is ideal for automotive applications requiring a small outline package with gull wing terminal form.
FPF1009
Onsemi
FPF1009 by Onsemi is a peripheral driver with 6 terminals, operating voltage range of 1.2V to 5.5V, and built-in transient protection. It comes in a small outline package with very thin profile, suitable for industrial applications requiring source current flow control. The device has fast turn-on time of 2000us and turn-off time of 40us, making it ideal for buffer or inverter based interface ICs.
BSP452
Siemens
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 4; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Built-in Protections: OVER CURRENT; OVER VOLTAGE; THERMAL; UNDER VOLTAGE; Output Characteristics: OPEN-SOURCE;
VN750PSTR-E
STMicroelectronics' VN750PSTR-E is a peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage. It operates within a supply voltage range of 5.5V to 36V and can handle a max output current of 2A. Ideal for applications requiring true output polarity and source flow direction in compact designs.
ULN2003A
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
DS2482S-100/T&R
Maxim Integrated
DS2482S-100/T&R by Maxim Integrated is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V and is ideal for industrial applications requiring buffer or inverter-based interface ICs in compact designs.
DS2482S-100+T&R
DS2482S-100+T&R by Analog Devices is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals, operating at -40 to 85°C. It has a supply voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V and turn-off time of 2.2µs. Ideal for industrial applications requiring buffer or inverter based interface ICs in compact designs.
DS2482S-100+
DS2482S-100+ by Analog Devices is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals and Schmitt trigger input. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C, with a supply voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring true output polarity and open-drain output characteristics.
DS2482S-800+T&R
DS2482S-800+T&R by Analog Devices is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, operating at 2.9-5.5V, suitable for industrial applications. It features a small outline package style, dual terminal position, and source output current flow direction. With a temperature range of -40 to 85°C, it is ideal for various electronic systems requiring precise signal buffering or inversion.
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DS2482S-800/T&R
DS2482S-800/T&R by Maxim Integrated is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, operating voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V, and industrial temperature grade (-40°C to 85°C). It is used for buffer or inverter-based interface IC applications requiring a small outline package style and source current flow direction.
DS2482S-800
DS2482S-800 by Maxim Integrated is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, operating voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V, and industrial temperature grade. It is used as a buffer or inverter based peripheral driver in various applications requiring source current flow direction control.
DS2482X-101+T
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: BALL; No. of Terminals: 9; Package Code: VFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DS2482X-100+T
DS2482X-100+T by Analog Devices is a peripheral driver with 9 terminals, operating voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V, and built-in overcurrent protection. It features a compact rectangular package style suitable for industrial applications requiring source output current flow direction.
DS2482X-100+U
DS2482X-100+U by Analog Devices is a peripheral driver with 9 terminals, operating voltage range of 2.9V to 5.5V, and industrial temperature grade. It features built-in over current protection and a compact rectangular package suitable for various applications requiring source output current flow direction.
DS2482S-101+
DS2482S-101+T&R
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved