Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
V8ZA05 by Littelfuse is a VARISTOR with 85°C rated temp, 0.1J energy capacity, and 5.5V operating voltage. Ideal for surge protection in electronics due to its METAL OXIDE FILM technology and THROUGH HOLE MOUNT design.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
7
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
R&J Components
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
DF Sales Co.
Euro-Tech
Vyrian
Nova Conductors
Resion
Corohmni
$0.016
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$0.073
AZTECH Wire
$10.950
$10.520
$10.310
$10.100
Argo Parts USA
Continental Prestige Electronics
Aranea Global
Supply Digital
With a high rated temperature, this varistor can operate effectively in a wide range of environments without overheating.
The use of metal oxide film technology provides excellent energy absorbing capacity and reliability, making this varistor suitable for surge protection applications.
This varistor can effectively absorb high energy spikes, protecting the circuitry from damage due to voltage surges.
The wire terminals make it easy to connect this varistor to a circuit, providing a reliable and secure connection.
The through hole mounting type allows for easy and secure installation of the varistor on a circuit board, ensuring stability during operation.
Non-linear Resistors V8ZA05 attributes and parameters. Explore more Non-linear Resistors devices from Littelfuse
Maximum Circuit DC Voltage:
Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage:
Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity:
JESD-609 Code:
Mounting Type:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Shape (Package):
Package Style (Meter):
Packing Method:
Rated Power Dissipation (P):
Rated Temperature:
Resistor Type:
Sub-Category:
Technology:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Placement:
Terminal Shape:
Operating Voltage:
V8ZA05 Resistors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8533.40.40.00
SB
8533.40.00.80
Littelfuse is a diversified industrial technology manufacturing company empowering a sustainable, connected, and safer world. Across more than 20 countries, and with approximately 18,000 global associates, we partner with customers to design and deliver innovative, reliable solutions. Serving over 100,000 end customers, our products are found in a variety of industrial, transportation, and electronics end markets—everywhere, every day. Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States, Littelfuse was founded in 1927.
2N2222A
Comset Semiconductors
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
1N4148
Temic Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
BAV99
Taiwan Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1554216002
Molex
WIRE AND CABLE;
First Components International
2N7002
Vishay Intertechnology
2N7002 by Vishay Intertechnology is a N-CHANNEL FET with 60V DS Breakdown Voltage, 0.115A Drain Current, and 7.5 ohm On Resistance. Ideal for SWITCHING applications due to its SINGLE configuration with BUILT-IN DIODE. Operates in ENHANCEMENT MODE, suitable for surface mount with GULL WING terminals.
Bytesonic Electronics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; No. of Elements: 1;
MBR0530T1G
Onsemi
MBR0530T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.375V and output current of 0.5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 125°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high-speed switching in compact electronic devices like smartphones and tablets. The package style is small outline with gull wing terminals for surface mount assembly.
LM358AN
Texas Instruments
LM358AN by Texas Instruments is an Operational Amplifier with 2 functions. It has a Max Input Offset Voltage of 5000 uV and Nominal Common Mode Reject Ratio of 85 dB. Widely used in voltage-feedback applications due to its high Min Voltage Gain of 15000 and Unity Gain Bandwidth of 1000 kHz.
Rfe International
B340A-13-F
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SS14
LM2931AZ-5.0G
LM2931AZ-5.0G by Onsemi is a fixed positive single output LDO regulator with a nominal output voltage of 5V and max output current of 0.1A. It has a max dropout voltage of 0.6V, making it suitable for applications requiring stable power supply in temperature-sensitive environments up to 125°C. The package style is cylindrical with wire terminals, ideal for rail packing methods in various electronic devices.
LM358M
Fairchild Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
KSZ9031RNXIA
Microchip Technology
KSZ9031RNXIA by Microchip is a 48-terminal Ethernet transceiver with data rate of 1000 Mbps. Operating temperature range from -40 to 85°C makes it suitable for industrial applications. This square-shaped chip carrier has a very thin profile and matte tin finish, ideal for network interfaces.
1N4148WS
Promax-johnton
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ECS-.327-12.5-17X-TR
Ecs International
ECS-0.327-12.5-17X-TR by Ecs International is a crystal oscillator with 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 144% stability, and 50000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature ranges from -40 to 85 °C, such as telecommunications and industrial automation.
M39029/58-360
Fct Electronic
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; IEC Conformity: NO; Alternate Contact Sources: MILITARY; MIL Conformity: YES; Contact Gender: MALE; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT;
BSS138PS,115
Nexperia
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SEPARATE, 2 ELEMENTS WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Elements: 2; No. of Terminals: 6; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
MBR0520LT3G
MBR0520LT3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.385V and output current of 0.5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 125°C, ideal for applications requiring high-speed switching and low power loss in compact electronic devices. The package style is small outline, making it suitable for surface mount designs in various electronics.
V5.5MLA0805LNHAUTO
Littelfuse
V5.5MLA0805LNHAUTO by Littelfuse is a VARISTOR with 5.5V operating voltage, 0.1J energy absorption, and 4V RMS circuit voltage. Ideal for automotive applications due to AEC-Q200 standard compliance and surface mounting type.
RXEF110K
PTC RESETTABLE FUSE; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Additional Features: 0.15-0.25 OHMS AT 20 DEG CEL; Terminal Placement: RADIAL; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
EZJZ1V330GA
Panasonic
The Panasonic EZJZ1V330GA is a VARISTOR resistor with 2 terminals, operating voltage of 26V, and max circuit DC voltage of 26V. It has a rectangular SMT package with dual-ended terminal placement for surface mount applications. With an operating temperature range from -40°C to 85°C, it is suitable for various electronic devices requiring transient voltage suppression.
1206L075/13.2WR
1206L075/13.2WR by Littelfuse is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.09 ohm, operating voltage of 13.2V, and max temp of 85°C. It's used for overcurrent protection in applications requiring dual-ended terminals and surface mounting type.
B72214S0511K101
TDK
The TDK B72214S0511K101 is a VARISTOR with 510V max circuit RMS voltage and 110J energy absorption. It operates b/w -40 to 105°C, ideal for surge protection in various electronic applications. With radial terminal placement and metal oxide technology, it offers reliable performance in bulk packaging.
B72520T0250K062
B72520T0250K062 by TDK is a VARISTOR with 25V max circuit RMS voltage and 1J max energy absorption. It has DUAL ENDED terminals, SMT package style, and operates b/w -55 to 150 °C. Ideal for surge protection in electronics applications.
RXEF300K
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's RXEF300K is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.1 ohm and rated power dissipation of 2.8W. Ideal for temperature sensing applications, it has a max operating temperature of 85°C and operates at 72V AC voltage. With radial terminal placement and disk package shape, it offers reliable protection in bulk packing method.
V5.5MLA0603H
Harris Semiconductor
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .05 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Rated Temperature: 150 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e3;
LVR100S-240
TE Connectivity's LVR100S-240 is a PTC resettable fuse resistor with a resistance of 0.218 ohm and max operating temperature of 85°C. It is used for temperature sensing applications, has radial terminal placement, and can handle a max circuit RMS voltage of 240V.
RXEF090-AP
TE Connectivity's RXEF090-AP is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.2 ohm and rated power dissipation of 0.99 W. Ideal for temperature sensing applications, it has a max operating temperature of 85°C and min of -40°C. With radial terminal placement and disk package shape, it is designed for through hole mounting.
NTCG103JF103FT1S
NTCG103JF103FT1S by TDK is a NTC thermistor with 10000 ohm resistance, 1% tolerance, and 5V operating voltage. Ideal for temperature sensing applications due to its high thermal sensitivity index of 3435 K and AEC-Q200 reference standard compliance. Package style is SMT with dual-ended terminals for surface mounting type.
ASMD100F-2
PTC RESETTABLE FUSE; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Resistance: .098 ohm; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Height (Package): 3 mm; JESD-609 Code: e3;
MF-SM100-2-99
Bourns
The Bourns MF-SM100-2-99 is a PTC resettable fuse with a resistance of 0.48 ohm and rated AC voltage of 30V. It is used for overload protection in various applications, featuring dual-ended terminal placement and a rectangular package shape.
1812L150/12DR
1812L150/12DR by Littelfuse is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.04 ohm, dual-ended terminals, and SMT package style. It is designed for overcurrent protection applications with a max operating temperature of 85°C and min of -40°C. This rectangular package thermistor has a compact size of 4.73mm x 3.41mm x 1.25mm for surface mounting method.
16R1400GH
16R1400GH by Littelfuse is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.0026 ohm and operating voltage of 16V. It is used for overcurrent protection in applications requiring radial terminal placement and rectangular package shape. Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 85°C, meeting standards like CUL, TUV, and UL.
RF2628-000
PTC RESETTABLE FUSE; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Resistance: 1.25 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .45 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Shape (Package): DISK PACKAGE;
NCP21WF104J03RA
Murata Manufacturing
Murata Manufacturing's NCP21WF104J03RA is a Non-linear Resistor with 100000 ohm resistance, 5% tolerance, and -40 to 125 °C operating temperature range. It is used for TEMPERATURE SENSING applications due to its NTC THERMISTOR type, WRAPAROUND terminals, and SMT package style.
RXEF110K-AP
PTC RESETTABLE FUSE; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Packing Method: AMMO PACK; Thermistor Application: TEMPERATURE SENSING; Shape (Package): DISK PACKAGE;
EZJP0V6R8MA
EZJP0V6R8MA by Panasonic is a rectangular package varistor with dual-ended terminal placement. It has a max operating temperature of 85°C and operates at a voltage of 3.7V. This surface mount resistor is commonly used in applications that require protection against voltage surges or transients.
GA10K3A1AM
TE Connectivity's GA10K3A1AM is a non-linear resistor with 10000 ohm resistance, suitable for temperature sensing applications. With a rated temperature of 25°C to 90°C, it features radial terminal placement and chassis mount package style. Its thermal sensitivity index is 3976 K, making it ideal for precise temperature measurements in various electronic devices.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
V8ZA05
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: .1 J; Shape (Package): DISK PACKAGE;
Intersil
Non-linear Resistors; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage: 4 V; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Circuit DC Voltage: 5.5 V;
General Electric Solid State
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Shape (Package): DISK PACKAGE; Operating Voltage: 5.5 V;
Thomson Consumer Electronics
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: .1 J; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Operating Voltage: 5.5 V; JESD-609 Code: e0;
V8ZA05P
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Terminal Finish: TIN; Rated Temperature: 85 Cel;
V8ZA2P
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .4 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Terminal Placement: RADIAL; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: .8 J;
V8ZA1
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .25 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Terminal Finish: TIN; Terminal Shape: WIRE;
V8ZA05PWX1347
VARISTOR; Manufacturer Series: ZA;
V8ZA1PW
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage: 4 V; Technology: METAL OXIDE; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: .4 J;
V8ZA05PWX2855
V8ZA1PWX10
V8ZA05PX10
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e3; Operating Voltage: 5.5 V;
V8ZA05X2855
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; No. of Terminals: 2; Package Style (Meter): Radial;
V8ZA05PWX10
V8ZA1P
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .25 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Terminal Finish: TIN; Shape (Package): DISK PACKAGE;
V8ZA05PX1347
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Operating Voltage: 5.5 V; Technology: METAL OXIDE FILM; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: .1 J; Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage: 4 V;
V8ZA05PX2855
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Operating Voltage: 5.5 V; Shape (Package): DISK PACKAGE;
V8ZA05X10
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Maximum Circuit DC Voltage: 5.5 V; JESD-609 Code: e3;
V8ZA05PW
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Package Style (Meter): Radial; Rated Temperature: 85 Cel; Terminal Shape: WIRE;
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .25 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Terminal Placement: RADIAL; JESD-609 Code: e0;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved