Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: 5 J; Packing Method: BULK; No. of Terminals: 2;
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
1
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
AZTECH Wire
$21.960
Non-linear Resistors V180ZC05P attributes and parameters. Explore more Non-linear Resistors devices from Littelfuse
Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage:
Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity:
JESD-609 Code:
Mounting Type:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Style (Meter):
Packing Method:
Rated Temperature:
Resistor Type:
Sub-Category:
Technology:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Placement:
Terminal Shape:
Operating Voltage:
V180ZC05P Resistors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8533.40.40.00
SB
8533.40.00.80
PCN Packaging - Inner Packaging for Radial Bulk 16/May/2013
Littelfuse is a diversified industrial technology manufacturing company empowering a sustainable, connected, and safer world. Across more than 20 countries, and with approximately 18,000 global associates, we partner with customers to design and deliver innovative, reliable solutions. Serving over 100,000 end customers, our products are found in a variety of industrial, transportation, and electronics end markets—everywhere, every day. Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States, Littelfuse was founded in 1927.
BAV99WT1G
Onsemi
BAV99WT1G by Onsemi is a series connected diode with 0.006 us reverse recovery time. It is a small outline rectifier diode with 70V peak reverse voltage, ideal for surface mount applications in electronics requiring fast switching and low forward voltage drop.
TCA6424ARGJR
Texas Instruments
TCA6424ARGJR by Texas Instruments is a CMOS parallel I/O port with 24 bits and 3 ports. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, suitable for industrial applications. With a max clock frequency of 0.4 MHz, it offers low power consumption at only 0.03 mA supply current.
CRG0805F10R
Tyco Electronics Components
FIXED RESISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Resistance: 10 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .125 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Tolerance: 1 %;
MBR0520LT1
Motorola
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM317LMX/NOPB
LM317LMX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max input-output voltage differential of 40V. It operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 125°C and has a max output current of 0.1A, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation.
M24308/2-1F
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's M24308/2-1F D-Sub Connector features 9 contacts, 2 rows, and a shell size of 1/E. With a rated current of 7.5A, it operates b/w -55°C to 125°C. Ideal for cable mounting applications, this connector has a steel shell with cadmium finish and uses crimp termination for female contact pins.
PIC18F4550T-I/PT
Microchip Technology
The Microchip Technology PIC18F4550T-I/PT microcontroller operates at a max clock frequency of 48 MHz with 8-bit architecture. It features 13-Ch 10-Bit ADC channels and USB connectivity, making it suitable for industrial applications requiring high-speed data processing and analog-to-digital conversion. With low power mode and flash ROM programmability, this device offers efficient performance in compact designs.
STM32H753IIK6
STMicroelectronics
STM32H753IIK6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with 176 terminals, operating at up to 48 MHz. It features 20-Ch 16-Bit ADCs, 2-Ch 12-Bit DACs, and peripherals like CAN, ETHERNET, and USB. Ideal for industrial applications requiring high-speed processing and extensive connectivity options.
SMBJ18CA
Jiangsu Jiejie Microelectronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SS14
Frontier Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
General Semiconductor
RC0805FR-0710RL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0805FR-0710RL is a 10 ohm SMT fixed resistor with 1% tolerance and 0.125 W power dissipation. With a temperature range of -55 to 155 °C, it suits applications requiring precise resistance values in compact surface mount designs.
LM7805CT/NOPB
LM7805CT/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a fixed positive single output standard regulator with an output voltage of 5V and max current of 1.5A. It operates b/w 0-125°C, has a package style of flange mount, and offers low line/load regulation making it ideal for various electronic applications requiring stable power supply.
LL4148
Kec
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM317T
LM317T by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output voltage of 37V and max input-output voltage differential of 40V. Operating temperature ranges from 0 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in electronic circuits. With a max output current of 1.5A, this through-hole package regulator is ideal for power supply designs where adjustable voltage levels are needed.
2N2222A
National Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .5 A;
DS18B20Z/T&R
Maxim Integrated
DS18B20Z/T&R by Maxim Integrated is a 12-bit digital temperature sensor with a max supply voltage of 5.5V and an accuracy of 0.50°C. It features a 1-Wire interface, operates b/w -55°C to 125°C, and is ideal for applications requiring precise temperature monitoring in compact spaces.
LM2931Z-5.0G
LM2931Z-5.0G by Onsemi is a Fixed Positive Single Output LDO Regulator with 5V output voltage, 0.6V dropout voltage, and 0.1A output current. It is ideal for applications requiring stable power supply in temperature-sensitive environments due to its operating range of -40°C to 125°C.
DS18B20U
Dallas Semiconductor
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: -55 Cel; Package Equivalence Code: TSSOP8,.19;
BAV99
Electronic Devices
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
V5.5MLA0805NHAUTO
Littelfuse
V5.5MLA0805NHAUTO by Littelfuse is a VARISTOR with 5.5V operating voltage and 0.3J energy capacity. It is DUAL ENDED, METAL OXIDE technology in RECTANGULAR PACKAGE for automotive applications meeting AEC-Q200 standard.
B72220-S271-K101
TDK
The TDK B72220-S271-K101 is a VARISTOR with 275V URac and 350V operating voltage. With 151J energy absorption, it's ideal for surge protection in applications requiring high reliability. Featuring METAL OXIDE FILM tech, RADIAL terminal placement, and THROUGH HOLE mounting type.
1812L075PR
1812L075PR by Littelfuse is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.1 ohm. It features dual-ended terminals and is used for overcurrent protection in SMT applications. With a rectangular package measuring 4.73mm x 3.41mm x 0.75mm, it operates b/w -40°C to 85°C and has a max circuit DC voltage of 13.2V.
NB21K00103JBB
KYOCERA AVX
NB21K00103JBB by KYOCERA AVX is a non-linear resistor with a resistance of 10000 ohm. It is used for temperature compensation in various applications. With a rated temperature range of -55 to 150 °C, it has a thermal sensitivity index of 3630 K and can handle a max power dissipation of 0.07 W.
RF1347-000
PTC RESETTABLE FUSE;
16R500GU
16R500GU by Littelfuse is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.015 ohm and operating voltage of 16V. It is used for overcurrent protection in various applications. Featuring radial terminal placement, rectangular package shape, and matte tin finish, it meets CUL, TUV, and UL standards.
RXEF185
TE Connectivity's RXEF185 is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.12 ohm and max operating temp of 85°C. Ideal for temperature sensing applications, it features radial terminal placement and disk package shape. With 72V operating voltage, it is suitable for through hole mounting in various electronic circuits.
V10E150PL1T
V10E150PL1T by Littelfuse is a VARISTOR with 150V RMS and 200V DC max circuit voltage. It has METAL OXIDE FILM tech, 30J energy absorption, and -55 to 85°C operating temp range. Ideal for surge protection in various applications due to its high energy capacity and radial terminal placement.
B57153S0479M051
B57153S0479M051 by TDK is a 4.7 ohm NTC thermistor with 20% tolerance and 1.4 W power dissipation. It features a radial disk package, 25mm lead length, and -55 to 170°C operating temperature range. Primarily used for overload protection due to its thermal sensitivity index of 2800 K.
NTHS1206N01N1003JE
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's NTHS1206N01N1003JE is a NTC thermistor with 100k ohm resistance, 5% tolerance, and 0.28W power dissipation. Ideal for temperature compensation applications, it operates b/w -40°C to 125°C with thermal sensitivity index of 3974K. This surface mount device features dual-ended terminals in a rectangular package.
PESD0402-140
TE Connectivity's PESD0402-140 is a VARISTOR with 14V operating voltage. It comes in a RECTANGULAR PACKAGE measuring 1.1mm x 0.6mm x 0.43mm, suitable for SURFACE MOUNT applications where protection against transient overvoltage is needed at temperatures ranging from -40°C to 85°C.
SMD030F-2
TE Connectivity's SMD030F-2 is a PTC resettable fuse with a resistance of 4.8 ohm and rated AC voltage of 60V. It is commonly used for temperature sensing applications, with dimensions of 7.98mm x 5.44mm x 3.18mm and an operating temperature range of -40 to 85 °C.
PRG18BB330MB1RB
Murata Manufacturing
Murata Manufacturing's PRG18BB330MB1RB is a PTC resettable fuse with 33 ohm resistance and 20% tolerance. It is used for overcurrent protection, featuring dual-ended terminals in a rectangular SMT package. With a rated AC voltage of 24V, it operates b/w -20 to 75°C, meeting CUL and UL standards.
RUEF400K
TE Connectivity's RUEF400K is a PTC resettable fuse with resistance of 0.05 ohm and rated power dissipation of 2.5W. Ideal for temperature sensing applications, it has a max operating temperature of 85°C and rated AC voltage of 30V. With radial terminal placement and dimensions of 14mm x 3mm x 21.3mm, it is designed for through hole mounting in various electronic devices.
B72500D0150A060
The TDK B72500D0150A060 is a VARISTOR with 15V operating voltage, -40 to 85°C temp range, and DUAL ENDED terminals. Ideal for surge protection in SMT applications due to its compact size (1.75mm x 0.9mm) and surface mounting type.
B59451C1130B070
The TDK B59451C1130B070 is a PTC thermistor with 56 ohm resistance and 440V operating voltage. It is used for overcurrent protection in applications requiring radial terminal placement and disk package shape. With AEC-Q200 reference standard, it offers -40 to 125 °C operating temperature range.
CL-60
Amphenol
The Amphenol CL-60 is a NTC thermistor with 10 ohm resistance and 25% tolerance. It is designed for overload protection applications, featuring radial terminal placement and disk package shape. With a thermal sensitivity index of 888 K, it operates b/w -50 to 175 °C effectively.
MINISMDC075F/24-2
PTC RESETTABLE FUSE; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Resistance: .09 ohm; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; No. of Terminals: 2; JESD-609 Code: e3;
RXEF050-1
TE Connectivity's RXEF050-1 is a PTC resettable fuse with 72V URac. It has a rated power dissipation of 0.77W and max operating temp of 85°C. Ideal for temperature sensing applications, it features radial terminal placement in a disk package for through-hole mounting.
V33MLA1206NH
Harris Semiconductor
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Height (Package): 1.8 mm; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: .8 J; Package Style (Meter): SMT;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
V180ZA10P
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .6 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; JESD-609 Code: e3; Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage: 115 V;
V180MA1A
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Rated Temperature: 85 Cel; Maximum Circuit DC Voltage: 144 V; Operating Voltage: 144 V;
V180ZA05PWX1347
VARISTOR; Manufacturer Series: ZA;
V180RA16
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage: 115 V; Terminal Shape: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2;
V180ZA05PW
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; No. of Terminals: 2; Terminal Shape: WIRE; Package Style (Meter): Radial;
V180MT2B
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Terminal Placement: AXIAL; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: .7 J;
V180ZA05PWX2855
V180CH8S
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .25 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Reference Standard: UL; Operating Voltage: 153 V;
V180MA2B
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -55 Cel; Operating Voltage: 152 V;
V180RA16X2749
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; No. of Terminals: 2; Packing Method: BULK; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: 35 J;
V180RA8
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Length (Package): 11.45 mm; Height (Package): 8.85 mm; Maximum Energy Absorbing Capacity: 10 J;
V180ZA05P
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .2 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; No. of Terminals: 2; Technology: METAL OXIDE FILM;
V180MT1A
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): 200 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Shape (Package): TUBULAR PACKAGE; Operating Voltage: 144 V;
V180ZA05PWX10
V180CH8X3313
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .25 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Terminal Shape: WRAPAROUND; Package Style (Meter): SMT;
V180RA8X2749
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Technology: METAL OXIDE FILM; Maximum Circuit DC Voltage: 153 V; Operating Voltage: 153 V;
V180MT3B
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): 200 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Terminal Placement: AXIAL; Package Style (Meter): Axial-6;
V180CH8
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .25 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Reference Standard: UL; Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage: 115 V;
V180CH8T
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .25 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Maximum Circuit RMS Voltage: 115 V; Technology: METAL OXIDE FILM;
V180MA3B
VARISTOR; Mounting Type: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Operating Voltage: 152 V; Terminal Finish: TIN; Terminal Placement: AXIAL;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved