Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Median Price
$1.960
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
16
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Rochester
1+ parts
$0.902
100+ parts
$0.848
1k+ parts
$0.766
10k+ parts
-
Chip1Stop
$1.300
Mouser Electronics
$2.010
$1.210
$1.070
$0.994
DigiKey
$1.203
$1.093
Newark
$2.120
$1.330
$1.200
$1.150
Element14
$2.590
$1.550
$1.370
$1.320
Adafruit Industries
$5.328
$5.062
Verical
$1.001
Avnet
Arrow
$0.819
Farnell
$0.908
$0.794
$0.765
Digiode
$0.857
Nova Conductors
$2.198
Chip Stock
Vyrian
Cyclops Electronics Ltd
Semicontronic
$0.700
$0.682
$0.679
Ampacity Inc.
Corphita
$0.812
Continental Prestige Electronics
$2.154
Argo Parts USA
Netroflash
Component Stockers USA
$2.440
$1.090
Corohmni
$2.671
Modulus Dynamics
$4.032
$3.871
$3.709
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$4.809
Advanced Electronics
RC Electronics
$1.650
$1.510
$1.460
iodParts Technologies Inc.
Metaverse IC Inc.
Lixinc
Glotronic Ltd.
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Microchip USA
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Futuretech Components
Perfect Parts
Peripheral Drivers IRS2183STRPBF attributes and parameters. Explore more Peripheral Drivers devices from International Rectifier
Built-in Protections:
Interface IC Type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Output Current Flow Direction:
Nominal Output Peak Current Limit:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Power Supplies (V):
Qualification:
Maximum Seated Height:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Turn-off Time:
Turn-on Time:
Width:
IRS2183STRPBF Interface ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
LL4148
Bkc Semiconductors
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
1N4148WS
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
RC0603JR-070RL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0603JR-070RL is a SMT fixed resistor with 0 ohm resistance, rated for temperatures from -55 to 155 °C. Its metal glaze/thick film technology and 0.1 W power dissipation make it ideal for jumper applications in various electronic devices.
1N4148
Eic Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM358AN
Onsemi
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N2222A
Fairchild Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Solid State Devices
2N7002
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Elements: 1; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .34 A;
LM317BD2TG
LM317BD2TG by Onsemi is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output current of 1.5A and a max load regulation of 5.8%. Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact designs.
M24308/2-1F
Adi Electronics
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; MIL Conformity: YES; Filter Feature: NO; Mating Info.: MULTIPLE MATING PARTS AVAILABLE;
INA826AIDGKR
Texas Instruments
INA826AIDGKR by Texas Instruments is an instrumentation amplifier with 150uV max input offset voltage, 0.095uA max average bias current, and 1MHz nominal bandwidth. Ideal for automotive applications due to its -40 to 125 °C operating temperature range and high common mode rejection ratio of 120dB.
BSS84-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
Diodes Inc. BSS84-7-F is a P-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, 0.13A max drain current, and 10 ohm RDS(on). Ideal for switching applications, it features a single configuration with built-in diode in a small outline package. Operating in enhancement mode at up to 150°C, it has Gull Wing terminals and matte tin finish.
Sensitron Semiconductor
FDN5618P
P-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Transistor Element Material: SILICON; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1;
Semitronics
BAV99
SPC TECHNOLOGY/ MULTICOMP
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ECS-.327-12.5-17X-TR
Ecs International
ECS-0.327-12.5-17X-TR by Ecs International is a crystal oscillator with 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 144% stability, and 50000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring precise timing in temperature ranges from -40 to 85 °C, such as telecommunications and industrial automation.
Sprague Electric
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Forward Voltage (VF): 1.3 V; Maximum Output Current: .1 A; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); Maximum Operating Temperature: 175 Cel;
SN65HVD234DR
SN65HVD234DR by Texas Instruments is an 8-terminal interface circuit with a data rate of 1 Mbps. Operating temperature ranges from -40 to 125 °C, making it ideal for automotive applications. With a supply voltage of 3.3 V and low current draw of 6 mA, it's suitable for network interfaces in compact designs.
BSS138
Siemens
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Maximum Drain-Source On Resistance: 3.5 ohm; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb);
NCV8460ADR2G
NCV8460ADR2G by Onsemi is a peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, over voltage, thermal, and under voltage. It operates within a supply voltage range of 6V to 36V and has a nominal output peak current limit of 9A. This buffer or inverter based driver is commonly used in automotive applications due to its AEC-Q100 screening level.
FSFR2100XSL
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 9; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; No. of Functions: 1; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN;
ITS724GXT
Infineon Technologies
ITS724GXT by Infineon Technologies is a Peripheral Driver with 4 functions, operating voltage range of 5.5V to 40V, and built-in protections for transient, over current, over voltage, thermal, and under voltage. This small outline package IC is ideal for applications requiring sink output current flow direction and interface buffer or inverter based peripheral driver type.
BTS50081EKBXUMA1
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 3; JESD-609 Code: e3; Terminal Finish: TIN;
ULN2004AID
ULN2004AID by Texas Instruments is a 7-function peripheral driver with max supply voltage of 8V. It offers built-in transient protection and sink output current flow direction. Ideal for applications requiring buffer or inverter based interface ICs, with turn-on/off time of 10us.
BTS428L2ATMA1
BTS428L2ATMA1 by Infineon is a 4-terminal peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage. It operates at a nominal voltage of 12V with a max of 41V. With a turn-on/off time of 200us, it's ideal for applications requiring a sink output current flow direction in small outline packages.
TPS22965NQWDSGTQ1
TPS22965NQWDSGTQ1 by Texas Instruments is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 2.5V to 5.5V, and automotive temperature grade up to 125°C. It features built-in transient protection and sink output current flow direction. Ideal for automotive applications requiring compact design and high reliability in harsh environments.
L293E
STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics L293E is a 20-terminal peripheral driver with max supply voltage of 36V. It features built-in protections for over current and thermal issues, suitable for applications requiring true output polarity and 2A nominal output peak current limit.
TPS27S100APWPT
TPS27S100APWPT by Texas Instruments is a small outline, thin profile peripheral driver with 14 terminals. It offers built-in protections for transient, over current, thermal, and under voltage conditions. With a max supply voltage of 40V and nominal output peak current limit of 7A, it is ideal for automotive applications requiring high side drivers.
BTS4141N
BTS4141N by Infineon is a MOS technology-based peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, over voltage, thermal, and under voltage. It operates at supply voltages ranging from 12V to 24V and has a max supply voltage of 45V. With a small outline package style suitable for automotive applications, it offers a nominal output peak current limit of 1.8A.
NCV8401BDTRKG
NCV8401BDTRKG by Onsemi is a peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, over voltage, and thermal conditions. It has a small outline package style with a max seated height of 2.51 mm and dimensions of 6.095 mm (W) x 6.54 mm (L). This IC type is commonly used as a buffer or inverter based peripheral driver for applications requiring sink output current flow direction.
TPIC6595DWR
TPIC6595DWR by Texas Instruments is a SIPO-based peripheral driver with 8 channels, each capable of sinking up to 0.5A current. It operates b/w -40°C to 125°C and has built-in transient protection. Ideal for automotive applications due to its small outline package and Schmitt trigger input characteristics.
A2982SLW
Allegro MicroSystems
Allegro MicroSystems' A2982SLW is a small outline peripheral driver with 8 functions, operating at -20 to 85°C. It has a max output current of 0.35A and built-in transient protection, suitable for buffer or inverter applications requiring a supply voltage range of 5-50V.
ISP452HUMA1
ISP452HUMA1 by Infineon Technologies is a Peripheral Driver with 4 terminals, operating voltage range of 5-34V. It offers transient protection, sink output current flow direction, and turn-on/off times of 100/150 us. Ideal for buffer or inverter-based applications in commercial extended temperature environments.
VND14NV04-E
VND14NV04-E by STMicroelectronics is a Peripheral Driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage. It has 2 terminals in a small outline package style with Gull Wing terminal form. Ideal for applications requiring an interface IC type of buffer or inverter based peripheral driver.
TPS22919DCKR
TPS22919DCKR by Texas Instruments is a 6-terminal peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and thermal issues. It has a max output peak current limit of 3A and operates in industrial temperature grade range (-40 to 105°C). This buffer/inverter-based driver is ideal for applications requiring sink output current flow direction.
TPS1HB08AQPWPRQ1
TPS1HB08AQPWPRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a high-side driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, thermal, and under voltage. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C and has a max supply voltage of 18 V. Ideal for automotive applications due to AEC-Q100 screening level.
EL7156CSZ-T7A
Intersil
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
L9333MD
L9333MD by STMicroelectronics is a peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and thermal issues. It operates at a max supply voltage of 32V and has a peak output current of 0.015A. This rectangular-shaped driver in small outline package style is ideal for buffer or inverter-based interface IC applications.
VN920SO
STMicroelectronics' VN920SO is a MOS technology-based peripheral driver with 16 terminals. It offers built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage scenarios. With a max output current of 10A and nominal output peak current limit of 45A, it's ideal for applications requiring sink flow direction like buffer or inverter based interface ICs.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
IRS21867STRPBF
IRS21867STRPBF by Infineon is a CMOS peripheral driver with 8 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C and supports a supply voltage range of 10-20 V. Ideal for automotive applications, it offers built-in protections against transient, over current, and under voltage conditions.
International Rectifier
IRS2184SPBF
IRS2184SPBF by Infineon Technologies is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 10-20V. It offers built-in transient and under voltage protections, suitable for automotive applications due to its CMOS technology and small outline package style. With turn-on time of 0.9us and turn-off time of 0.4us, it provides source and sink output current flow direction.
IRS2011SPBF
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
IRS2011SPBF by Infineon Technologies is a Peripheral Driver with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 10-20V, and built-in transient and under-voltage protections. It is designed for automotive applications, featuring a CMOS technology, small outline package style, and sink output current flow direction.
IRS2186STRPBF
IRS2186STRPBF by Infineon Technologies is a peripheral driver with a max supply voltage of 20V. It is used in automotive applications and offers built-in protections against transients and under voltage. Its turn-on and turn-off time is 0.25us, making it suitable for fast switching operations.
IRS21844SPBF
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
IRS2184STRPBF
IRS2184STRPBF by Infineon Technologies is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals and built-in transient & under voltage protections. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C, with turn-on time of 0.9 us and turn-off time of 0.4 us. Ideal for automotive applications due to its CMOS technology and half bridge based interface IC type.
IRS21844MTRPBF
IRS21844MTRPBF by Infineon is a peripheral driver with 20V max supply voltage, 15V power supplies, and -40 to 125°C operating temp. Ideal for automotive applications, it features built-in transient protection, 0.9us turn-on time, and 2.3A output current limit for half-bridge based systems.
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: HQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
International Rectifier Hirel Products
HALF BRIDGE BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: HQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
IRS2113STRPBF
IRS2113STRPBF by Infineon Technologies is a 16-terminal peripheral driver with a supply voltage range of 10-20V. It offers built-in transient and under voltage protections, making it ideal for automotive applications. With a turn-on time of 0.16us and turn-off time of 0.15us, this CMOS technology-based IC provides source and sink output current flow direction.
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
IRS21531DSPBF
IRS21531DSPBF by Infineon is a CMOS half bridge peripheral driver with 8 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C and has built-in under voltage protection. With a supply voltage range of 10.1V to 15.4V, it is ideal for automotive applications requiring source and sink output current flow direction.
IRS2153DSPBF
IRS2153DSPBF by Infineon Technologies is a CMOS half bridge peripheral driver with 8 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C and supports a supply voltage range of 10.1-15.4 V. Ideal for automotive applications, it offers under voltage protection and source/sink current flow direction.
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved