Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
2EDN8524FXTMA1 by Infineon Technologies is a small outline peripheral driver with a max supply voltage of 20V and built-in under voltage protection. It has 8 terminals in gull wing form, suitable for buffer or inverter-based interface ICs. Ideal for applications requiring fast turn-on/off times and source output current flow.
Median Price
$0.622
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
17
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Arrow
1+ parts
$0.690
100+ parts
$0.555
1k+ parts
$0.490
10k+ parts
-
Mouser Electronics
$0.820
$0.461
$0.396
$0.370
Newark
$0.952
$0.536
DigiKey
$1.120
$0.636
$0.549
Farnell
$0.395
$0.340
$0.312
Element14
$0.551
$0.520
Future Electronics
RS (Exports)
$0.848
$0.681
Chip1Stop
$0.523
Verical
$0.455
$0.426
Rochester
$0.452
$0.376
$0.335
Digiode
$0.369
Nova Conductors
$0.669
TME
$0.770
$0.482
Chip Stock
VNN
Vyrian
Ampacity Inc.
$0.330
Semicontronic
$0.322
$0.320
Corphita
$0.349
Argo Parts USA
$0.649
Netroflash
$0.655
Corohmni
$10.819
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$12.210
Modulus Dynamics
$14.350
$13.776
$13.202
Perfect Parts
Continental Prestige Electronics
$0.752
$0.499
Infinite Electronics LLP (Excess)
Futuretech Components
Authorized Procurement Solutions
The plastic/epoxy material is durable and helps protect the internal components of the peripheral driver, making it a reliable choice for long-term use.
Being surface mountable makes it easy to integrate this peripheral driver into your electronic circuit, providing a space-saving solution.
With a high maximum supply voltage, this peripheral driver can handle a wide range of input voltages, making it versatile for various applications.
The under voltage protection feature ensures the peripheral driver is protected from damage in case of inadequate voltage supply, increasing its overall reliability.
The nominal supply voltage of 12V makes it compatible with many standard power sources, making it easy to integrate into existing systems.
Peripheral Drivers 2EDN8524FXTMA1 attributes and parameters. Explore more Peripheral Drivers devices from Infineon Technologies
Built-in Protections:
Interface IC Type:
JESD-30 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Output Current Flow Direction:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Turn-off Time:
Turn-on Time:
Width:
2EDN8524FXTMA1 Interface ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
PCN Assembly/Origin - Mult Dev Assembly Chgs 8/Dec/2020
PCN Packaging - Mult Dev Cover Tape Chg 13/Jul/2022
Infineon Technologies AG is a leading global semiconductor manufacturer and provider of comprehensive solutions for automotive, industrial, and consumer applications. Founded in 1999, the company has grown to become one of the largest semiconductor manufacturers in Europe. Infineon is headquartered in Neubiberg, Germany with operations across countries in Europe and Asia Pacific. Infineon provides microelectronics products that address many of today's societal challenges affecting energy efficiency, mobility, security and connectivity. Over the past two decades Infineon has become a major player in the semiconductor industry with an impressive portfolio of innovative technologies. As one of only four companies that produce DRAM chips for automobiles, Infineon produces cutting-edge processors for use in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Likewise, they specialize in providing advanced embedded secure microcontrollers that are essential for connected devices. Furthermore, they offer integrated circuit solutions for industrial power control such as motor controllers and embedded gate drivers.
CEO
Jochen Hanebeck
Chief Financial Officer
Sven Schneider
Chief Marketing Officer
Andreas Urschitz
Villach 300mm
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
2011
Austria
Villach
Wafer Capacity
11,000
Kulim 2
2016
Malaysia
Kulim
79,500
Dresden - Module 3
1999
Germany
Dresden
58,000
Villach Building
2,000
Regensburg
1986
60,000
Dresden 200 - Module 1
1995
28,000
Dresden 200 - Module 2
1996
Building 38
2005
500
Building 47
Kulim 1
2006
110,000
Mesa Facility
1990
USA
Mesa
3,000
Villach 150mm
1981
35,000
Villach 200mm
68,000
Temecula
30,000
2021
2018
5,000
Kulim 3
2024
Fab 25
Austin
31,000
Dresden - Module 4
2026
BAV99
Secos
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
ERJ3EKF1002V
Panasonic
Panasonic's ERJ3EKF1002V is a fixed resistor with 10000 ohm resistance, 1% tolerance, and 0.1 W power dissipation. It operates b/w -55 to 155 °C and is ideal for surface mount applications in automotive electronics due to AEC-Q200 compliance.
SMBJ18CA
Jgd Semiconductors
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Polarity: BIDIRECTIONAL; Maximum Clamping Voltage: 29.2 V; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.2 V; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V;
Plessey Semiconductors Discrete Components Div
ESD5Z5.0T1G
Onsemi
ESD5Z5.0T1G by Onsemi is a unidirectional Trans Voltage Suppressor Diode with 5V reverse test voltage and 174W peak power dissipation. It is used for transient suppression in electronic circuits, meeting IEC-61000-4-2, 4-4 standards and UL recognized for reliability.
BSS138-TP
Micro Commercial Components
BSS138-TP by Micro Commercial Components is a N-channel small signal FET with a min DS breakdown voltage of 50V and max drain current of 0.22A. It is commonly used in applications requiring enhancement mode operation, such as power management and switching circuits.
M24308/2-1F
Cristek Interconnects
D SUBMINIATURE CONNECTOR; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE; No. of Rows Loaded: 2; Shell Size: 1/E; Filter Feature: NO;
Semitron
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
2N2222A
Continental Device India
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Mde Semiconductor
Kec
LM358AN
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LL4148
Transys Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
2N7002
Teledyne Components
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; No. of Terminals: 3;
1N4148
Gulf Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
Texas Instruments
LM358AN by Texas Instruments is an Operational Amplifier with 2 functions. It has a Max Input Offset Voltage of 5000 uV and Nominal Common Mode Reject Ratio of 85 dB. Widely used in voltage-feedback applications due to its high Min Voltage Gain of 15000 and Unity Gain Bandwidth of 1000 kHz.
KSZ9031RNXIC
Micrel
ETHERNET TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 48; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
M39029/56-351
Amphenol
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; Minimum Operating Temperature: -65 Cel; Additional Features: STANDARD: MIL-DTL-38999; Contact Gender: FEMALE; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT; Associated Military - Specifications: MIL-DTL-38999;
Raytheon Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Minimum DC Current Gain (hFE): 100; Maximum Turn On Time (ton): 35 ns;
Itt Semiconductor
TLE6240GP
Infineon Technologies
TLE6240GP by Infineon Technologies is a peripheral driver with a max supply voltage of 5.5V and built-in protections for transient, over current, over voltage, and thermal issues. It is commonly used as a buffer or inverter based peripheral driver in various applications.
IRS2011SPBF
IRS2011SPBF by Infineon Technologies is a Peripheral Driver with 8 terminals, operating voltage range of 10-20V, and built-in transient and under-voltage protections. It is designed for automotive applications, featuring a CMOS technology, small outline package style, and sink output current flow direction.
IPS2050HQ-32
STMicroelectronics
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER;
MIC5801YWM
LATCH BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 24; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BTS117BKSA1
BTS117BKSA1 by Infineon Technologies is a MOS technology peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage. It has 3 terminals, a nominal output peak current limit of 25A, and turn-on time of 70 us. This rectangular package style flange mount device is ideal for applications requiring sink output current flow direction.
ULQ2003D1013TRY
STMicroelectronics ULQ2003D1013TRY is a 16-terminal peripheral driver with open-collector output, suitable for applications requiring inverted polarity. It operates b/w -40 to 105 °C and has a nominal voltage of 50V. With built-in transient protection, this small outline package driver is ideal for buffer or inverter-based interface ICs.
UCC23513DWY
UCC23513DWY by Texas Instruments is a small outline peripheral driver with built-in transient and under voltage protections. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 115°C) and can handle up to 33V supply voltage, providing a max output current of 4.5A. Ideal for applications requiring source and sink current flow direction control, such as buffer or inverter-based systems.
VNQ5160KTR-E
STMicroelectronics' VNQ5160KTR-E is a peripheral driver with 4 functions, operating at 8-36V. It offers built-in protections against transient, over current, and over voltage. Ideal for applications requiring a compact design and fast turn-on/off times like automotive systems.
TBD62783AFG,EL
Toshiba
Toshiba's TBD62783AFG,EL is a peripheral driver with 8 functions and a max supply voltage of 50V. It is used as a buffer or inverter based peripheral driver for various applications.
ULN2004AD16-U
Diodes Incorporated
ULN2004AD16-U by Diodes Inc. is a peripheral driver with 7 bits, open-collector output characteristics, and a max supply voltage of 13V. It is commonly used as a buffer or inverter based peripheral driver in various applications.
TPS22965TDSGRQ1
TPS22965TDSGRQ1 by Texas Instruments is an 8-terminal peripheral driver with a supply voltage range of 2.5V to 5.5V and operating temperature from -40°C to 105°C. It features built-in transient protection, no-lead terminal form, and source/sink current flow direction. Ideal for industrial applications requiring buffer or inverter-based interface ICs in compact spaces due to its small outline package style.
ISP762TFUMA1
ISP762TFUMA1 by Infineon Technologies is a peripheral driver with a max supply voltage of 34V and built-in transient protection. It has 8 terminals, operates b/w -30°C to 85°C, and offers an output peak current limit of 8.5A. Ideal for applications requiring buffer or inverter-based peripheral drivers in commercial extended temperature environments.
MIC2026-1YM
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
E-L9338MD/TR
E-L9338MD/TR by STMicroelectronics is a peripheral driver with 4 functions, built-in protections for transient, over current, and thermal issues. It operates at supply voltages ranging from 4.5V to 32V and has a max output current of 0.3A. This small outline driver is ideal for applications requiring buffer or inverter based peripheral drivers with sink output current flow direction.
DRV103U/2K5
DRV103U/2K5 by Texas Instruments is a peripheral driver with a max supply voltage of 32V and built-in protections for transient, over current, and thermal issues. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C and has a nominal output peak current limit of 3A. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring buffer or inverter based peripheral drivers.
ULN2004AIDR
ULN2004AIDR by Texas Instruments is a 7-function peripheral driver with max supply voltage of 8V. It offers built-in transient protection and sink output current flow direction. Ideal for applications requiring buffer or inverter based interface ICs, with turn-on/off time of 10us.
VNS3NV04D-E
VNS3NV04D-E by STMicroelectronics is a peripheral driver with 2 functions, 8 terminals, and built-in protections against transient, over current, and over voltage. It operates at supply voltages ranging from 13V to 30V and has a nominal output peak current limit of 5A. This small outline package driver is ideal for applications requiring source and sink output current flow direction.
BSP75NT
BSP75NT by Infineon Technologies is a small outline peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage. It operates at a nominal voltage of 12V and has a max output peak current limit of 0.7A. Ideal for applications requiring buffer or inverter based interface ICs in compact designs.
IRS2106STRPBF
IRS2106STRPBF by Infineon is a peripheral driver with 8 terminals, operating voltage of 10-20V. It offers built-in transient and under voltage protections, ideal for automotive applications. With a turn-on time of 0.3us and turn-off time of 0.28us, it provides source and sink output current flow direction.
VN750PT-E
STMicroelectronics' VN750PT-E is a 5-terminal peripheral driver with built-in protections for transient, over current, and over voltage. It operates within a supply voltage range of 5.5V to 36V and can handle a max output current of 2A. Ideal for applications requiring buffer or inverter-based peripheral drivers with sink output current flow direction.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
2EDN8524RXUMA1
2EDN8524RXUMA1 by Infineon Technologies is a Peripheral Driver with a max supply voltage of 20V and built-in under voltage protection. It features a small outline package style with dual terminal position and gull wing form. Ideal for applications requiring buffer or inverter based interface ICs, offering fast turn-on/off times of 0.023 us.
2EDN7523FXTMA1
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
2EDN7524RXUMA1
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HTSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED;
2EDN7524GXTMA1
2EDN7524GXTMA1 by Infineon is a peripheral driver with a max supply voltage of 20V, under-voltage protection, and turn-on/off time of 0.023us. It is used as a buffer or inverter-based driver for applications requiring source output current flow direction in small outline packages.
2EDN8523FXTMA1
2EDN8523FXTMA1 by Infineon Technologies is a Peripheral Driver with a max supply voltage of 20V and built-in under voltage protection. It features a small outline package style, gull wing terminal form, and source output current flow direction. Ideal for applications requiring fast turn-on/off times such as buffer or inverter based interface ICs.
2EDN7523GXTMA1
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HVSON; Package Shape: SQUARE; Maximum Seated Height: .8 mm;
2EDN7523RXUMA1
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HTSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Maximum Seated Height: 1.04 mm;
2EDN7524RXTMA1
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Finish: Nickel/Gold/Palladium/Silver (Ni/Au/Pd/Ag); Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): NOT SPECIFIED;
2EDN8523RXUMA1
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HTSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE; JESD-30 Code: S-PDSO-G8;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved