Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Eaton Corporation's FNQ-1/10 fuse, rated at 0.1A and 500V, features a midget size with time delay blow characteristic. With a body length of 10.3mm and diameter of 38.1mm, it is ideal for circuit protection in applications requiring electric fuses with a rated breaking capacity of 10000A.
Median Price
$99.737
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
11
In-Stock Inventory
< 1k
Master Electronics
1+ parts
$79.490
100+ parts
$71.900
1k+ parts
-
10k+ parts
Verical
Mouser Electronics
$117.270
Kempston Controls
$46.920
Nova Conductors
$55.080
IBS Electronics
$106.393
$95.153
Electro Sonic
$123.660
$88.630
Electronic Supply
Vyrian
DF Sales Co.
Corohmni
$2.684
AZTECH Wire
$15.720
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$16.452
Continental Prestige Electronics
$53.978
Netroflash
Advanced Electronics
$56.182
Argo Parts USA
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Suitable for high voltage applications, providing reliable protection against power surges.
Convenient for bulk purchasing and storage, ideal for businesses or projects requiring multiple fuses.
Compact size allows for easy installation in various electrical systems.
CC class fuses offer a good balance between inrush current withstand capability and time-delay characteristics.
Low rated current makes it suitable for protecting delicate electronic components without the risk of excessive current flow.
Time delay characteristic helps prevent nuisance tripping and allows for temporary overloads without blowing the fuse immediately.
High breaking capacity ensures efficient and reliable protection against short circuits and overload currents.
Inline or holder mounting options provide flexibility in installation, making it suitable for different types of circuits.
Compliance with multiple international standards ensures quality, safety, and reliability of the product.
Fuses FNQ-1/10 attributes and parameters. Explore more Fuses devices from Eaton Corporation
Circuit Protection Type:
Rated Current:
Rated Breaking Capacity:
Rated AC Voltage:
Rated DC Voltage:
Rated Voltage:
Body Diameter:
Body Height:
Dimensions:
Blow Characteristic:
Fuse Size/Group:
Fuse Class:
Reference Standard:
Terminal Shape:
Terminal Finish:
Mounting Feature:
Packing Method:
FNQ-1/10 Circuit Protection trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
Today, the world runs on critical infrastructure and technology. Planes. Hospitals. Factories. Data centers. Vehicles. The electrical grid. These are things people depend on every day. And the companies behind them depend on us to help solve some of the toughest power management challenges on the planet. At Eaton, we’re dedicated to improving people’s lives and the environment with power management technologies that are more reliable, efficient, safe and sustainable.We are a power management company doing business in more than 175 countries. Our energy-efficient products and services help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power more reliably, efficiently, safely and sustainably. By giving people tools to use power more efficiently. Helping companies do business more sustainably. And by encouraging each and every employee at Eaton to think differently about our business, our communities—and the positive impact we can have on the world.
1N4148WS
Meritek Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
General Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Dc Components
2N2222A
Onsemi
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
BAV99
Infinex
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
M39029/56351
Souriau-sunbank Connection Technologies
Souriau-sunbank's M39029/56351 is a CRIMP contact type backshell accessory compliant with MIL-DTL-38999. It features FEMALE gender contacts, compatible with M39029/58363 mating contacts. The insertion and removal tools required are M81969/14-10 and M22520/2-10 respectively, making it ideal for military connector applications.
DS18B20+
Maxim Integrated
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: THROUGH HOLE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Current: 1.5 mA; Package Equivalence Code: SIP3,.1,50;
SS14
Sangdest Microelectronics (Nanjing)
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MICRODIODE ELECTRONICS SHENZHEN CO LTD
Panjit International
MBR0540T1G
MBR0540T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with max. forward voltage of 0.62V and max. output current of 0.5A, ideal for applications requiring high efficiency power conversion in small outline packages. Operating temp range: -55 to 150°C, with peak reflow temp at 260°C, making it suitable for various electronic devices needing reliable rectification performance in compact designs.
SMBJ18CA
Lite-on Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Vishay Telefunken
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
Jgd Semiconductors
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Polarity: BIDIRECTIONAL; Maximum Clamping Voltage: 29.2 V; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.2 V; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V;
Synsemi
2N7002
Bytesonic Electronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Terminal Position: DUAL; Minimum Operating Temperature: -55 Cel;
LM555CM
Texas Instruments
LM555CM by Texas Instruments is an Analog Waveform Generation IC with a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 16V and max operating temperature of 70°C. It comes in a small outline package, suitable for applications requiring pulse generation or rectangular waveform outputs. With surface mount capability and low supply current of 15mA, it is ideal for commercial-grade electronic circuits.
BSS138K-13
Diodes Incorporated
BSS138K-13 by Diodes Inc. is a N-channel FET with 50V DS breakdown voltage, ideal for switching applications. It features single configuration with built-in diode, operating in enhancement mode. With 3 terminals and 0.31A max drain current, it offers high performance in small outline package style.
2N7002-T1-E3
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's 2N7002-T1-E3 is a N-CHANNEL FET for SWITCHING applications. Features include 60V DS Breakdown Voltage, 0.115A Drain Current, and 7.5 ohm On Resistance. With ENHANCEMENT MODE operation, this GULL WING transistor is ideal for small outline surface mount designs up to 150°C.
25ET
Cooper Industries
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 690 V; Rated DC Voltage: 350 V; Rated Current: 25 A; Terminal Shape: TAB/BLADE;
BK/ATM-5
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated DC Voltage: 32 V; Rated Current: 5 A; Terminal Shape: TAB/BLADE; Reference Standard: UL;
S-3/10
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 125 V; Rated Current: .3 A; Reference Standard: CE; CSA; UL; Manufacturer Series: S;
KTK-R-10
Cooper Electronic Technologies
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 600 V; Rated Current: 10 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Packing Method: BOX;
JJS-500
Eaton Corporation
The Eaton Corporation JJS-500 fuse, rated at 600V and 500A, features a very fast blow characteristic with a breaking capacity of 200kA. With TAB/BLADE terminals and dimensions of 101.2mm x 45.2mm, it is commonly used for electric circuit protection in various applications meeting CE, CSA, and UL standards.
FWP-63A22F
The Eaton Corporation FWP-63A22F fuse, with a rated current of 63A and rated breaking capacity of 200kA, is ideal for circuit protection in applications requiring a nominal joule integral of 280J. With a rated AC voltage of 700V and rated DC voltage of 500V, this electric fuse features dimensions of 22.2mm x 58mm and an end cap terminal shape for easy installation in inline/holder mounting configurations.
0313.600MXP
Littelfuse
0313.600MXP by Littelfuse is a 3AG fuse with 0.6A rated current and 250V rated voltage, featuring a time lag blow characteristic. With a trip time of 5s and nominal joule integral of 4J, it provides supplemental circuit protection in applications requiring an electric fuse with CE, CSA, and UL reference standards compliance.
63LET
The Eaton Corporation 63LET fuse, with a rated current of 63A and rated breaking capacity of 200kA, is ideal for circuit protection in applications requiring a nominal joule integral of 180J. With dimensions of 17.7mm x 26.2mm and mounting options like INLINE/HOLDER, it offers reliable protection at AC voltage up to 240V and DC voltage up to 150V.
0451010.MRL
0451010.MRL by Littelfuse is a NANO fuse with 10A rated current and 125V rated voltage. It has a very fast blow characteristic, 26.46J nominal joule integral, and trip time of 5s. Ideal for circuit protection in applications requiring surface mount fuses with high breaking capacity.
04000026NR
Littelfuse 04000026NR fuse, with a rated current of 1.5A and fast blow characteristic, is ideal for electric circuit protection. It has a nominal joule integral of 0.03J and trip time of 5s, suitable for surface mount applications in electronics with a max operating temperature of 150°C.
JKS-40
Eaton Corporation's JKS-40 fuse, rated at 600V and 40A with a fast blow characteristic, is ideal for electric circuit protection. With a compact body size of 27mm x 60.3mm and high breaking capacity of 200kA, it is suitable for inline mounting applications. This J-class fuse conforms to CE, CSA, and UL standards for reliable performance in various electrical systems.
17.5TDLSJ16
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 17500 V; Rated DC Voltage: 17500 V; Rated Current: 16 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP;
FNQ-R-30
Eaton Corporation's FNQ-R-30 fuse, rated at 30A and 600V AC/300V DC, features a time delay blow characteristic. With a CC class and nickel terminal finish, it offers a high breaking capacity of 200kA. Ideal for electric circuit protection in various applications with CE, CSA, and UL standards compliance.
36913150000
Littelfuse 36913150000 fuse has a Nominal Joule Integral of 78.388 J, Rated AC Voltage of 300 V, and Trip Time/Delay of 20 sec. It is used for circuit protection with a rated current of 3.15 A, blow characteristic as TIME LAG, and max operating temperature at 85°C.
0437001.WR
Littelfuse 0437001.WR is a fast blow fuse with 1A rated current, 63V DC voltage, and 0.1J nominal joule integral. Ideal for circuit protection in electronics, it has a compact size of 1206 and WRAPAROUND terminals. Operating temperature ranges from -55°C to 150°C.
DFJ-40
DFJ-40 by Eaton Corp is a 40A fast blow electric fuse with 600V AC and 450V DC ratings. Measuring 26.92mm x 60.45mm, it features END CAP terminals and a breaking capacity of 200kA. Ideal for inline mounting, it meets CSA and UL standards for circuit protection applications.
473.5
Littelfuse 473.5 fuse rated for 125V AC/DC, with body dimensions of 3.17mm diameter and 7.11mm height. Ideal for circuit protection in applications requiring through hole mounting, operating b/w -55°C to 125°C temperature range.
ANL-300
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated DC Voltage: 80 V; Rated Current: 300 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Rated Breaking Capacity: 2700 A;
170M2619
The Eaton Corporation 170M2619 fuse has a rated current of 315A and a rated breaking capacity of 200kA, suitable for electric fuse circuit protection at 700V AC. With dimensions of 54mm x 30mm x 51mm, it features TAB/BLADE terminals and built-in INDICATOR, meeting CE, CSA, DIN, IEC, and UL standards.
0468002.NR
Littelfuse 0468002.NR fuse, rated at 2A and 63V, with slow blow characteristic. Ideal for circuit protection in electronics applications. Dimensions of 3.18mm x 1.52mm x 0.58mm make it suitable for surface mounting method.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
FNQ-1/2
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: .5 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Terminal Finish: NICKEL;
FNQ-12
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated DC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 12 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: .5 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Terminal Finish: Nickel (Ni);
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 12 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Dimensions: 10.3mm x 38.1mm;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 12 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Body Height: 38.1 mm;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: .5 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Rated Voltage: 500 V;
FNQ-15
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 15 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Terminal Finish: NICKEL;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated DC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 15 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 15 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Fuse Size: MIDGET;
FNQ-10
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 10 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Blow Characteristic: TIME DELAY;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 10 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Body Height: 38.1 mm;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated DC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 10 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP;
FNQ-1
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 1 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Rated Breaking Capacity: 10000 A;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated DC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 1 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 1 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Terminal Finish: Nickel (Ni);
FNQ-15/100
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated DC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: .15 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: .15 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Reference Standard: CSA; UL;
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: .15 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Rated Breaking Capacity: 10000 A;
FNQ-1/10
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: .1 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP; Packing Method: BOX;
FNQ-1-1/8
ELECTRIC FUSE; Mounting Feature: INLINE/HOLDER; Rated AC Voltage: 500 V; Rated DC Voltage: 500 V; Rated Current: 1.125 A; Terminal Shape: END CAP;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved